中石化职称英语教材综合G.docx

1、中石化职称英语教材综合G1. How to be Happy如何获得幸福In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula数 公式，准则；配方；婴儿食品 defined by positive积极的；数 正的，化学医 阳性的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对的psychologist心理学家，心理学者 Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological生物的；生物学的 set point 设定值；自 调整点；凝结点for feeling happy) +

2、C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). Next, well look at看；考虑；着眼于 the conditions in life that can improve改善，增进；提高的价值 our happiness quotient数 商；系数；份额.过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁塞利格曼定义的。H(幸福)=S(个人生理幸福感受的固定指数)+C(个人生活状态)+V(个人主观选择)。接下来我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。Step 1: Peace and qu

3、iet第一步：平和宁静 Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis假设, notes that注意；既然 research shows that we can never completely adapt to适应 new or chronic慢性的；长期的；习惯性的noise pollution. 乔纳森海迪在他的优秀著作幸福假说当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。Loud noises trigger引发，引起；触发 one of our most primitive原

4、始的，远古的；简单的，粗糙的 fear害怕；恐惧；敬畏；担心 responses响应回应 (the other is the fear of falling坠落) and we can never fully充分地；完全地；彻底地 relax放松，休息；松懈，松弛；变从容；休养 if we are surrounded 被环绕着的by intrusive侵入的；打扰的 noise. 巨大噪声会引起我们某种面对恐惧本能反映(另一种是对于坠落的恐惧)，如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。 Noisy neighbours are one of the most emotive感情的；情绪的；表现

5、感情的 causes of 起因；属原因domestic国内的；家庭的；驯养的；一心只管家务的 upset心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的 for a very good reason. 这样看来，吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和起到很大影响。 It is essential to对必不可少的；对必要的 have some peace and quiet安静；宁静 every day. If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with 耐心地继续下去；坚持不懈：complaining to向抱怨,投诉 your local

6、 council市政委员会,居委会. 每日保持平和宁静事关重要。如果你的生活环境不幸比较吵，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。Additionally此外；又，加之, try wearing wax earplugs耳塞 to give you some respite缓解；暂缓；暂时的休息；缓期执行. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones耳机；听筒 demonstrates证明；展示；论证 altruism 利他；利他主义to your neighbours, which will make you and t

7、hem feel good.另外，试试实用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你一定要大声看电视、听收音机放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机。别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。Step 2: Relationships第二步：人际关系 This is the most important of all the external conditions外部条件 that can improve your happiness quotient商，商数. 这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的内部条件。Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor re

8、lationships with others. A colleague同事，同僚 at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness. 我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。如果一个在职同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言语的抑郁情绪。A cruelly残酷地； 残暴地； 极度地； 非常conflictual具有冲突的，充满争议的 relationship with a partner伙伴； 同伙； 同伴； 配偶or lover爱好者，嗜好者；情人；情妇，情夫；情侣 leaves us feeling b

9、etrayed对不忠； 背叛； 出卖； 泄露and abandoned被放弃的，被遗弃的； 热情洋溢的； 寡廉鲜耻的，恣意放荡的； 没有约束的. 与拍档或者爱人的关系陷入残酷竞争之中，会让我们感到背叛和背弃。A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. We never fully adapt to hostile relationships, they invidiously

10、contaminate our wellbeing, squatting inside our minds as unresolved, destructive ruminations. 与父母孩子之间的关系缺乏同情心和无私关心，那么这会造成隔阂生产痛苦。我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康，长久留存在我们心里，会让人陷入无以解决的恶性心理困境。When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confro

11、nting what is going wrong or learn to move on.当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法，就是直面难题，挽救关系，或者学着继续前进。Step 3: Share第三步：分享If I have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved my wellbeing, I would like to share them with you. 如果我发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有极大帮助的话，我很想说出来同你们一起分享。Passing on what wo

12、rks is essential to improve our own and the wellbeing of others.将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。阅读理解【题目及参考答案】1. Whats the happiness formula according to the passage? The formula refer to H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the vol

13、untary choices you make)2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution? Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good? If we nee

14、d our TV, radio or music up loud，wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors4. Where does the unhappiness come from? Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship? What

15、you call do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on【练习题目及参考答案】A汉译英1吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。A colleague at work who bullies or

16、 dismisses us creates untold wretchedness3我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships，which inevitably不可避免地，自然而然地;必然地，无疑的;难免;终于只好 damage our wellbeing.4如果这种坏情绪长时问留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。If this bad mood stays inside our mind，it will lead us to an unresolved dest

17、ructive depression5我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.B英译汉There are many benefits to being happyHappier people tend to be healthier,live longer and earn moreThey also tend to volunteer more，be better at relationships and smile more of what psychologists ca

18、ll “Duchenne” or genuine smilesWhat is less well understood is why happiness is contagious有传染性的； 传染病的； 有感染力的； 会蔓延的幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于处理人际关系、发出更多心理学家所说的“杜兴微笑”，即真诚的微笑。我们了解不深的是，为什么幸福可以传染。According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis，authors of the international bestsell

19、er Connected, people surrounded by many happy friends， family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become significantly happier in the futureMore specifically，they say we will become 25 per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a mile of us becomes signifi

20、cantly happier with his or her life全球畅销书关联饷作者詹姆斯福勒和尼古拉斯克里斯塔基斯发现，如果你身边那些重要的人际网络中有许多幸福的朋友、家人与邻居，那么你将也会很幸福。他们表示，更准确地说，如果居住在离你1英里内的一个朋友生活幸福感得到显著提升，你的生活幸福感就会增加25。Similar effects are seen in coresident spouses(8 per cent happier)；siblings who live within a-mile of each other(14 per cent)；and next-door nei

21、ghbours(34 per cent)What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact (due to physical proximity) than on deep social connectionsAlas, for some reason this doesnt translate to the workplace具有同样效果的还有同居配偶(幸福感提升8)、居住在1英里之内的兄弟姐妹(14)和邻居(34)。这意味着，幸

22、福传播的强度似乎更取决于交往的频繁度(与地域邻近相关)，而不是社会关系的深度。可惜由于某种原因，这并不适用于工作场合。So, why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people share their good fortune with their friends and family(for example，by being pragmatically helpful or financially generous)Another reason could be that happy people tend to

23、change their behaviour for the better by being nicer or less hostile to those close to themOr it could just be that positive emotions are highly contagious那么，为什么幸福能够传染?一个原因或许是，幸福的人会与亲朋好友分享好运气(例如，提供实际的帮助。或在经济上慷慨解囊)。另一个原因可能是，幸福的人往往会改善自己的行为，会对周围的人更加友好，或减少敌意。又或许只是因为正面情绪具有高度传染性。2. City Design城市设计When Im

24、being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldnt help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots. 当我从旅馆乘车穿行城市前往会议中心时，映入眼帘的是无处不在的汽车和停车场。The worlds cities are in trouble. In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating. Breathing the air in s

25、ome cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day. 全世界的城市都陷入了困境，数以百计的城市日常生活的质量正继不断下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空气等于抽两包香烟。The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels.每天上班族驱车时因街道和道路堵塞而寸步难行，耽搁的

26、时间逐年升高，郁闷也随之加深。In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergence of a new urbanism.针对上述情况，我们可以看到一种新城市主义的理念正在兴起。In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on sidewalks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-based rapid transit system, built hu

27、ndreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees, and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods. 在短短的几年内，许多城市的人行道上不再允许停车，新建和改造了更多的停车场，建立了一套以公共汽车为基础的极为成功的快速运行系统，兴建了数百公里的自行车道和步行街，高峰时段的交通拥挤得以减缓，种植了更多的树木，并吸收当地市民直

28、接参与社区的改善工作。The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.城市设计以人为本的理念使这些城市的生活质量有了很大的提高。Now government planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars. 现在，各地政府的规划者们都在尝试寻找为了人而不是为汽车设计城市的方法。Cars p

29、romise mobility. But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city. 汽车应带给人们活动的便捷。但是在一个不断城市化的世界里，存在着一个根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽车与城市之间的矛盾。After a point, as their numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobility but immobility.超过一个临界点之后，随着汽车数量的累加，汽车提供的不再是便捷，而是停滞。Based on t

30、his perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increasing urban mobility by moving away from the car. 基于这个观点，无论在发达的工业国家还是发展中国家，一些城市将会通过远离汽车来极大增加市区的通畅。Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars. 让我再次提醒你，城市是为了人，不是为了汽车而建设的。A city

31、full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted-all mechanism and no human. In order to avoid this disaster, wed better start designing sustainable cities.挤满汽车的城市就像恐怖的科幻小说里描绘的全是机械没有人性。为了避免这场灾难，我们最好开始设计可持续发展的城市。阅读理解【题目及参考答案】1. What means of transportation does the author take to the conferen

32、ce center?(He takes)a bus2. According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars?Cars not only do harm to peoples health but also cause heavy traffic jam3. What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people” in paragraph 2 mean?Design cities for people not(for)cars4. Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas?Because people depend largely on cars5. How would a city look like if cars were everywhere?There would be