英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理.docx

1、英语测试理论与实践期末AC部分整理Chapter 1 Section A1.Why is Elle Woods considered diverse by Harvard Law School? And why is Elle Woods admitted by Harvard Law School ? What can we learn from it about American culture? Elle Woods is considered diverse by Harvard Law School because shes a fashion major and her pract

2、ices out of class are quite different from other students, who are usually politics, history or philosophy majors. Elle Woods was admitted by Harvard Law School mainly because they are looking for diverse students like Elle. From it, we can learn that American educational system encourages the devel

3、opment of individuality.Furthermore, we can also realize that culture shapes peoples discourse and behaviors, which influences the communication between people.2.Discuss in groups the strengths and weaknesses of the American and Chinese education systems. Present your ideas to the whole class after

4、your discussion. American education system emphasize that students should be diverse and take part in a lot of social practice, which contributes to the all-round development of students. However, American students usually lose in the competition with Chinese students because they dont highlight the

5、 test skills. By contrast, Chinese education is a exam-oriented education, which put the exam at first. Therefore, Chinese students are often good at exam but lack experience of social practice and dont know how to communicate with strangers.3.Why do Chinese and Americans develop different education

6、 systems? What are the cultural factors underlying the differences? The cultural difference generates the different education system between America and China. American culture is characteristic of opening and highlights social practice while Chinese culture is rigorous and highlights the role of pa

7、rents and teachers. In this sense, students should respect for and obey their command and pay all attention to exam in terms of fierce competition.Section C1.Why did Zhao say America is a good place, but its too dull? What can we learn about Chinese culture? When his son went to work, Zhao was quite

8、 lonely and didnt have any friends. This kind of life was much different from his farming life in China, where he had many friends and neighbors around, talking, drinking tea and playing mabjong together during the leisure time. Chinese culture is a group-oriented culture, where people would like to

9、 interact with each other.2.Why did most Chinese families decide to grow vegetables instead of flowers on their land? What can we learn about Chinese culture? Chinese people are very diligent and thrifty. For them, it is wasteful to use land to raise flowers. Chinese culture which is characteristic

10、of collectivism is a guideline that shapes Chinese behaviors.3.Culture is often compared to the software of people mind. Cite the examples in this case to explain the sentence. When Zhao was in American, he was very lonely and had no friend. That summer was the happiest time for him because he could

11、 communicate with his friends. From this example, we can learn that culture governs peoples mind and determines whether they are happy or not.Another example is the choice of Chinese families to grow vegetables. From it, we can learn that culture governs peoples behavior and provides guidelines for

12、what to do and what not to do.Chapter 2Section A1.In the movie, Jonathan wants to get Saras phone number, but their process of communication fails. What elements go wrong in this process? When Sara gives her phone number to Jonathan, the paper is blown into a trash. Jonathan takes it as an accident,

13、 but Sara regards it as a sign of fate, which is telling her not to develop their relationship. Their different outlook to life causes the breakdown of the process of communication.2.In the movie, how many things does Sara do in order to test fate? And what are they? What do you think of these behav

14、iors? Three things. The first one is that Sara asks Jonathan to write down his phone number on a $5 bill and spends the bill in a little grocery store. The second one is that she promises to write down her number inside a book and sell it to a used bookstore. The third one is that she asks Jonathan

15、to get into a hotel with her and proposes that she and Jonathan pick the same floor in the lift randomly. I think Sara believes in fate and regard the fate as the foundation of feelings.3.A famous anthropologist once said that Culture is communication and communication is culture. Do you agree? Why

16、or why not? Yes. Because people in different cultures have different contexts, which influence how they communicate. In this case, Sara with a belief of fate cant communicate with Jonathan not believing fate very well. Furthermore communication may be culture, because people often communicate with e

17、ach other will have the same interest, habits and beliefs, which create the new culture. Section C1.What the mode of communication favored by Asians? What cultural values underlie it? Asian people are very courteous and indirect in the communication. Because they emphasize group harmony, they ere to

18、lerant when they are offended. These collectivism values, shaped by Confucian teachings, were spread from China to many Asian countries.2.What is the mode of communication favored by Westerners? What cultural values underlie it? Westerners are direct and frank in the communication. And they have s s

19、trong sense of protecting their own rights. Individualism values are the principles guiding their behaviors.3. 同上面3Chapter 3Section A 1.In the hearing, why does Xu Datong invite John to be his lawyer although John is not familiar with family law? What can you learn from it about Chinese culture? Xu

20、Datong invited John to be his lawyer because John was his best friend.In his opinion, Chinese usually ask their intimate relationship for help to solve some intractable problems as this kind of relationship will make more effort to help you.Hence, we know that China is a collectivism society and Chi

21、nese people usually emphasize interdependence and collective relations.2.Why doesnt John defend Xu Datong in the hearing? What can we learn from this about Chinese culture? From the photos, John spontaneously considered that Dennis was abused by his father, which was illegal in America.Thats why Joh

22、n rejected to defend Xu Datong.From it, we can see that in America, people are attached importance to the truth and law rather than to the interpersonal relationship, which is the most obvious characteristic of an individualism society and is different from a collectivism society.3.Why does Xu Daton

23、g tell the judge he performed Guasha on Dennis? What can we learn from this about Chinese culture? On Chinese view, the young man is the brace of a family and he should be responsible for the whole family.Although Dennis injury was created by his grandfather in fact, Xu Datong realized that he shoul

24、d shoulder the responsibility according to Chinese traditional culture.4.Who shall we ask for help when we get into legal troubles, our relatives and friends or a lawyer? I would like to ask the lawyers for help when I get into legal troubles.On the one hand, lawyers understand the laws and regulati

25、ons and they know how to use laws to debate while your friends or relations who are willing to help you are possibly not familiar to laws.In fact, lawyers are useful in dealing with legal troubles than your friends and relatives.On the other hand, the fact and evidence are more emphasized in modern

26、society.When the justice judged the legal cases and make the verdicts, they will notice the evidence and truth rather than persons.Section C1.Could you understand why Mile called the police? What can we learn about American culture and Chinese culture? Mike called the police because his grandmother

27、beat him which was forbidden in America.In China, beating is a regular and popular way to educate children.It is a common sense.Beating can date back to ancient Chinese education when the teachers gave serious punishment to students doing something wrong.In America, beating is forbidden and illegal.

28、Parents always use mild methods such as persuasion or suggestion to educate their children.Meanwhile American children realize their right to protect themselves, which is influenced by freedom and equality propagated by The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizens.2.Why couldnt Xue Sulin

29、g carry out her original plan of Chinese language teaching? What can we learn Learning about American culture and Chinese culture? Chinese is very difficult, especially in speaking and writing.It must have an environment of Chinese language and substantial practices.However, Mike and Xue Suling didn

30、t have these conditions.In China, children s learning is manipulated by the teachers and parents and perhaps monitored for the whole day.In America, children should learn how to be independent of their parents from the moment they are born.They arrange their own studies.Therefore, Xue Suling cant ca

31、rry out her original plan.From it, we could realize that American highlight individual rights, which is the same as other individualism countries and areas.Chapter 4Section A1.Discuss the image of the whale as a symbol of nature, and Captain Ahabs attitude towards it. The whale is a symbol of the na

32、ture, is a concrete embodiment of the powerful nature. Nature is rich and generous, it is a treasure for humans, providing humans with food and clothes. If losing it, humans will die. Nature is also stingy, it never gives something to humans on its own initiative, humans rely on plundering(掠夺)it to get what they want. Captain Ahab is the representative of human. He is a person with strength and perseverance as well as craziness, selfish and arrogance. He fights against the whale parallel to the behavior that people conquer the nature. For him ,the