大学英语六级真题.docx

1、大学英语六级真题大学英语六级真题2011年12月(总分：710.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：142.00)1.Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincolns famous remark , Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend the first f

2、our sharpening the axe. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way to Success _ _ _ （分数：142.00）_正确答案：(The Way to Success “Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and 1 will spend the first four sharpening the axe”(1)From Lincolns famous remark,we can know that two factors

3、are essential to Success：sufficient preparations and perseverance. (2)For one thing，Success conles to US only after patient planning and good preparation(3)Having definded our goal,we must have a clear mind about the means to attain the goal(4)Without sufficient preparations，many of our efforts woul

4、d go for nothing and we would most probably end up in failure (2)For another，perseverance is indispensable to SuccessA llano of strong will and perseverance always has an inflexible spiritHe sticks to his cause no matter how tough it might be (5)As for university students，we should，first and foremos

5、tgrasp the necessary knowledge and skills and absorb them to do the Dreoaration DartThus，we are )解析：加分亮点 (1)From Lincolns famous remark承上启下。 (2)For one thing.Foranother.结构，清晰明了。 (3)用having done代替时问状语从句。 (4)使用介同短语言简意赅，避免了通篇长句。 (5)as for sb起到自然过渡和衔接作用。 二、Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanni

6、ng) (总题数：1，分数：71.00)Googles Plan for Worlds Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of Piracy? In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far,Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe

7、including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear: the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gath

8、ering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to organise the worlds information, so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspira

9、tions. This really isnt about making money. We are doing this for the good of society. As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today,we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge. Dan Clancy,the chief arc

10、hitect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic(慈善的)exercise. Googles core business is search and find,so obviously what helps improve Googles search engine is good for Google, he says, But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表)outlining the fina

11、ncial benefits of this,and I have never had to justify the amount l am spending to the companys founders. It is easy,talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Googles book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerge

12、d, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving

13、the worlds books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard Universitys library, argued that because such books are a common resourcethe possession of us allonly public, not-for-profit bodies should be giv

14、en the power to control them. The second related criticism is that Googles scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入)a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens Bleak House look straightforward

15、. At its centre,however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention,is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country,but in general protection extends for the duration

16、of an authors life and for a substantial period afterwards,thus allowing the authors heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means,of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyrightand last century saw more boo

17、ks published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries,for example,an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these,some 27 million are out of print. Outside the us, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the pub

18、lic domain (works such as the Bodleians first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search). But,within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that

19、are in copyrightarguing that such displays are fair use. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders,Google has committed piracy. The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once aut

20、hors have expressly given their permission, says Piers Blofeld,of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. Google has reversed this-it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask, In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers,launched a class action su

21、it (集团诉讼 )against Google that,after more than two years of negotiation,ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicated the text alone runs to 385 pagesand trying to summarise it is no easy task. Part of th

22、e problem is that it is basically incomprehensible, says Blofeld,one of the settlements most vocal British critics. Broadly,the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates fro

23、m their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future. This settlement hands Google the powerbut only with the agreement of individual rights holdersto exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell

24、 them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlements most controversial aspect. Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the companys role fro

25、m provider of information to seller. Googles business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates, points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlements provisions,

26、Google could become a significant force in bookselling. Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on orphan works, where there is no known copyright holderthese make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and regis

27、ter their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free,include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence. It is by no means certain that the se

28、ttlement will be enacted (执行)it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by thisand the company is likely to face challenges in other

29、courts around the world. No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the worlds library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesnt even know itse

30、lf. But what is certain is that, in some way or other,Googles entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come. （分数：71.00）(1).Google claims its plan for the worlds biggest online library is -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.to save out-of-print books in librariesB.

31、to encourage reading around the worldC.to promote its core business of searchingD.to serve the interest of the general public解析：析根据题干关键词claims its plan定位到第二段第三句：The company chfims its motives are essentially public-spirited谷歌宣称它将扫描图书放在网上是出于公益动机，D)项是publicspirited(热心公益的)的同义转述。(2). According to Santia

32、go de la Mora, Googles book-scanning project will -|_|-. （分数：7.10）A.make full use of the power of its search engineB.help the broad masses of readersC.revolutionise the entire book industryD.broaden humanitys intellectual horizons解析：根据题干关键词Santiago de la Mora定位到第三段最后一句：As Santiago de la Mora，head of Google Book