英语动词时态以及动词的适当形式讲解与训练.docx

1、英语动词时态以及动词的适当形式讲解与训练中考动词时态以及动词的适当形式讲解与训练动词时态以及动词的适当形式讲解与训练动词时态是中考必考考点，有一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在完成时。一、一般现在时。构成：a.主语be的某种形式 b.主语V原 c.主语（第三人称单数）Vs/es动词第三人称变化规则：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加-s，(清辅音后读s，在浊辅音后读z；在t后读ts,在d后读dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es，读iz,如果动词原形词尾已有e,则只加-s。passfixteachp

2、assesfixesteaches以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies2.一般现在时的用法 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与often，always,usually,sometimes,once a week,everyday等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。 I often go to school by bike. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 在时间，条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 If it rains tomorrow, we wo

3、nt go to the park. 在某些以here，there开头的句子里，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 Here comes a bus.3.一般现在时的时间标志词： 表示频率的副词often, usually, always,sometimes, 时间状语 every day/week, on Sunday, in the morning/afternoon/evening等。 表频率的词组 once a year,twice a month,three times a week.专项练习：（分小组PK）1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2.

4、Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a wa

5、lk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 二、一般过去时、 一般过去时用动词的过去时表示。构成：主语Ved(过去式)1.动词过去时变化规则：

6、构成规则动词原形动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-ed，(在清辅音后读t；在浊辅音和元音后读d；在t,d后读id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是e的动词在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiedworriedcried2.用法： 表示过去某一时间的发生的动作或存在的状态。如： I got up at six thi

7、s morning. 表示过去的习惯或者经常发生的动作。 When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.3.时间状语Last night,yesterday,last week, 3 years ago, in 1995,in the past, the other day, at that time, just now.巩固训练1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _.3.

8、 What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.三、一般将来时构成： 主语will/shallV原在口语中，will在名词或代词后常缩为ll，will not常简缩为wont。在疑问句中，主语

9、为第一人称时（I和we）时，常用助动词shall。如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打篮球。Shall we go to the zoo? 我们要去动物园吗？、be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示主语进行某一行动的打算意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思。即计划，安排要发生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。、be +to V原形 表将来，表示客观安排或受人指示而

10、将要做某事。如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。、be about to +V原形，意为马上、即将要做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。一般将来时的用法1）、表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2）、表示将来经常或反复发生的

11、动作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.明年我将每个星期六来看你。3）、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps, possibly, maybe等连用。如：I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她会回家吃饭。Maybe shell go to the gym.也许她会去体育馆。四、现在进行时、过去进行时。 现在进行时表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。过去进行时表示过去

12、某一时刻或过去一段时间内进行的动作。 现在进行时的构成是：主语+be动词（am /is /are）+动词ing形式 过去进行时的构成是：主语+was/were+动词ing形式现在进行时的用法：1）、表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment等时间状语连用。如： We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。2）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于

13、写作的状态。）He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。4）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。5

14、）表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。表移动的终止性动词（come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等）用于现在进行时，表示即将要发生动作。如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。过去进行时的用法：1）、表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表过去的时间壮语连用。如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2）、表移动的动词，如come, go, arrive, le

15、ave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。3）、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。如：It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。4）在叙述

16、或描写过去的事情时，过去进行时经常与其它过去时态，特别时是一般过去时连用。但是过去进行时往往是表示背景。如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly, a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源动词现在分词变化规则：规则原形-ing形式一般在动词原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-inghavepreparec

17、losehavingpreparingclosing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie为重读音节结尾的动词，先去掉e,把i改为y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写r，再加-ing；如不是重读音节结尾，就直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering巩固训练：一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. I _ (have) my breakfast at half past six ye

18、sterday morning.2. Mary _ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter _(do) the same thing.3. What _ you _ (do) at that time? We _ (watch) TV.4. Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was. He _ (listen) to the radio.5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him.二

19、、选择题。1. I _ cooked a meal when you _ me.A. cooked, were ringingB. was cooking, rangC. was cooking, were ringingD. cooked, rang2.He said he _ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.A. tries B. tried C. was trying D. will try3.While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room.A. was watching, was

20、 hearing B. watched, was hearing C. watched, heard D. was watching, heard4.They _ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon?A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D

21、. were, reading, was seeing五、现在完成时 现在完成时表示在过去发生，到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作、状态;强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验，即用过去发生的动作来说明现在的情况。经常翻译为“已经”，“从开始就”等现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成；1.现在完成时的用法1). 已完成用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词。如： He has had lunch already. 他已经吃过午餐了。（现在是饱的） I have read the book many times. 这本书

22、我看过多次。（还记得书的内容） 2).未完成用法 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。如： We have lived here for over three years. 我们住在这儿已有三年多了。 We have studied English since three years ago. 我们从三年前就开始学英语了。2.现在完成时的时间状语1. 现在完成时与不明确的过去时间状语副词before，just，already，yet，ever等连用。如： I havent seen him before. 我以前没有见过他。 They have ju

23、st done their homework. 他们刚做完作业。2.现在完成时与for/since等引导的持续性时间状语或these days，so far等包括“现在时间”在内的时间状语连用。如： I have known him for six years. 我认识他六年了。 The doctor has saved over two hundred peoples lives so far. 到目前为止，这位医生已挽救了二百多人的生命。现在完成时需注意的问题：表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, co

24、me, die, fall, find, finish, join kill, leave, sell, stop等。如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。I have received his letter for a month. （错）I havent received his letter for almost a month. （对）不能和明确的过去时间状语连

25、用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别：have/has been tohave/has gone to巩固训练单项选择1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.e

26、ver D.still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ;

27、better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A. will see B. hav

28、e seen C. saw D. see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ;

29、do ; finish二、英语书面表达专项训练2 如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式共享单车（bike-sharing），它因环保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以Bike-sharing为题写一篇英语短文，表达自己的看法和建议。要点提示：AdvantagesBe convenient, less pollution, reduce the traffic pressure（减缓交通压力）Take exerciseProblems Throw away, damage（毁损）, be stolenAdvice Civilized（文明的）, follow the rules, take good care of注意：1. 短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；2. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名；3. 词数：80-100（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）。Bike-sharing Today, as a greener means of transportation, bike-sharin