版高考英语语法专题突破全国全解析专项训练专题.docx

1、版高考英语语法专题突破全国全解析专项训练专题1(2017全国卷，67)Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.答案：isfast food “快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。2(2017江苏高考，24)The publication of Great Expectations, which _ (be) both widely reviewed and hig

2、hly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.答案：was关系代词which指代的是先行词Great Expectations，是一本书，再根据strengthened可知需用一般过去时。3(2016全国卷，63)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.答案：is本句中动名词短语作主语谓语动词用单数，且此处描述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。4(2016全国卷，69)Confucius believed knive

3、s would remind people of killings and _ (be) too violent for use at the table.答案：werebelieved后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数概念，根据时态一致的原则，这里用一般过去时，故填were。5(2015江苏高考，30)The real reason why prices _ and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.答

4、案：were根据句中的“and still are(现在仍然是)”可以得知过去也是一样的情形，故用were。6(2017全国卷，短文改错)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons._答案：eighteeneighteenth表示“第十八个生日”应用序数词。一、数词(一)基数词的用法1基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语和表语。Three of us have been to Guangzhou. Id like two sweaters for my daughter. The

5、desk is for you two. How old are you? Im twelve.2基数词表示具体数目时，hundred, thousand, million用单数。在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”等不确定数目时，在hundreds, thousands, millions后接“of名词复数”。The Great Wall is over six thousand kilometers long. Those mountains are thousands of metres high. 3表示“几十”的基数词的复数形式，可用来表示某人的岁数或年代。He went to the

6、United States in his twenties. 4“基数词名词”构成的合成形容词作定语，其中的名词用单数。twomonth holiday两个月的假(二)序数词的用法1序数词前要加定冠词the, 在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前。The second lesson is more difficult than the first. 2序数词前加不定冠词a/an，表示“再一，又一”的意思。He cast it a third time, and drew in a lot of stones.3给东西编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词。The Fifth Lesson, Le

7、sson Five 第五课No. 14 middle school 十四中注意：房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读。Room 203 (读作room two o three)754662(读作seven five four double six two)4分数表示法分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母用单数；分子大于1时，分母用复数。onefourth或a quarterthreefourths a half或one halftwofifths 1one and onefifth(三)年份、日期、时刻读法1年份四位数通常分两组来读1996读作nineteen ninetysix1905

8、读作nineteen o five或nineteen and five2000读作two thousand2日期用序数词表示July 3rd读作July the thirdNovember 25th读作November the twentyfifthDecember 1st读作December the first世纪也用序数词表示：the 20th century3时刻时刻有两种读法：一是直接读数字，先说钟点数，后说分钟数； 二是先说分钟数，后说钟点数。用介词past表示几点过几分(不超过半小时)或用to表示几点差几分(超过半小时，还差多少分钟到下一个钟点)。4：10 four ten/ten

9、 past four5：15 five fifteen/a quarter past five6：30 six thirty/half past six7：45 seven fortyfive/a quarter to eight二、主谓一致主语和谓语一致，主要是谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三个原则。主谓一致的常考点.单句语法填空1All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees througho

10、ut the growing seasons of the year.答案：iswe need是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句。先行词all即句子的主语，是不定代词，且由设空后的a small piece of land可知，谓语动词需用单数形式is。2Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.答案：is句意：你或者你的一位学生务必要参加明天召开的会议。根据就近原则谓语动词的人称和数根据one of your students而定。3Dr Smith, toge

11、ther with his wife and daughters, _ (be) going to visit Beijing this summer. 答案：is句意：今年夏天，史密斯博士，要和他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。together with his wife and daughters短语补充说明主语，谓语动词应和主语保持一致。4Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ (cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.答案：has caused动名词短语作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。根据语境可知该句子应用现在

12、完成时。5Not he but you _ (be) to be fired. And not only you but also I am to be fired this time.答案：arenot (only) . but(also) 连接并列主语，谓语依据“就近一致”原则，故填are。6Mr Black, as well as the professor who _ (come) from Beijing University, _ (be) to attend our school meeting.答案：comes; is第一空为定语从句的谓语动词，应与先行词一致，the prof

13、essor是单数，故谓语动词用单数；第二空是主句的谓语动词，主语是Mr Black，谓语动词用单数，且本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。7The population of Jiangsu _ (have) grown to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. 答案：hasThe population of . “的人口”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。840% of the students in our school _ (be) from the other parts o

14、f Hunan, which _ (be) a relatively large number.答案：are; is句意：我们学校百分之四十的学生来自湖南的其他地方，这是一个相对较大的数量。分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词应依据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定，本句第一空40%指代的是the students，故谓语动词应用复数；第二空which指代的是先行词40%本身，故谓语动词应用单数，且句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。9Why is the chemical plant closed?Because large quantities of waste water _ (release) in

15、to the Yangtze River.答案：have been released“(large) quantities of不可数名词/可数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用复数，有类似用法的还有amounts of .。根据化工厂被关闭这一语境可知大量的废水已经被排放到长江，故用现在完成时的被动语态。10A teacher of English and class teacher _ (tell)us something about volunteer workers.答案：is telling句意：一位英语老师兼班主任将给我们讲一些关于志愿者的事情。本句的主语是A teacher of Eng

16、lish and class teacher 这是一个老师，既是英语老师也是班主任。所以谓语动词使用单数形式。.单句改错1Being exposed to loud music too much have caused hearing loss in some teenagers. _答案：havehas句子的主语是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数形式。2Large quantities of water is needed for irrigation._答案：isare句意：灌溉需要大量的水。quantities of无论修饰不可数名词还是修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，且此句描述

17、一般事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时。3Every possible means have been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear._答案：havehas句意：已采取了各种各样的措施预防空气污染，但天空还是不清亮。means单复数同形，但是当means由every, each或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。4Hank as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken good care of in the cent

18、er._答案：areis句意：汉克和其他的没有父母的孩子在那个中心得到了很好的照顾。句子的主语是Hank，因此谓语动词应用单数形式，且由语境可知，本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时。5The population of this city, forty percent of which are Germans, have risen by 15% in the last three years._答案：havehas句意：这个城市40%的人是德国人，其人口在过去的三年里已经增加了15%。population指人口多少，如用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且本句描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。.语法填空

19、Many of Van Goghs paintings were inspired by warm, yellow sunlight because he loved how it could light up the world in different ways. His painting Sunflowers, for example, _1_ (fill) with vivid yellows and browns. These colors give _2_ painting a feeling of warmth and wellbeing. However, the sunflo

20、wers are actually dead and dying.The result is a painting that combines the warmth of life that Van Gogh loved _3_ the feelings of sadness that were all around him. It is a painting that is warm, beautiful and sad all at the same time.Van Goghs most famous painting, The Starry Night, takes this _4_

21、(mix) of joy and sadness one step further. It is a landscape full of deep blues and shadows _5_ represent the sadness Van Gogh was feeling as he _6_ (paint), rather than what he was actully seeing.This is why Van Goghs _7_ (image) in his painting look more imagined than real. The stars and moon in T

22、he Starry Night are _8_ (unusual) bright, _9_ (they) light swirling (旋动) above the darkening hills. A tree that looks like black fire cuts through the view of the night, _10_ (interrupt) its beauty.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了凡高作品的艺术特点。1is filled考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句缺少谓语，主语是His painting

23、 Sunflowers，谓语动词应用单数，且此处表示一种客观事实，应用一般现在时，再结合固定搭配be filled with可知，填is filled。2the考查冠词。前面提到了Sunflowers这幅画作，此处表特指，应用the。3with考查介词。固定搭配combine . with . “把和结合”，符合语境。4mixture考查词性转换。动词后面接名词作宾语。 5which/that考查定语从句的引导词。本句中，“_5_ represent the sadness . feeling”是定语从句，修饰先行词deep blues and shadows，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代

24、词that或which。6was painting考查时态。由连词as “当时”和下文的“. he was actually seeing”可知此处也应该用过去进行时。7images考查名词的数。他作品中的形象不止一个，且根据谓语动词look可知，主语应用名词的复数形式。8unusually考查词性转换。修饰形容词应用副词。9their考查代词。名词前需要使用形容词性物主代词，且此处是指繁星和月亮的光线，故填their。10interrupting考查非谓语动词。逗号后与句子之间无连词连接，所填词应用非谓语动词，且句子主语a tree和interrupt构成逻辑上的主谓关系，表主动，故填现在分

25、词作状语，表结果。.短文改错My school holds a sports meeting in every October. We all looked forward to it, for it is a time for us to reduce stress and it always brings us lots of unforgettable memories. It usually last for three days, during which time we have no classes. All the student go to the playground to

26、 watch or joining in games. The part I like most is the relay race. With race going on, our excitement grows. All of them yell out “come on” to the athletes, watching them competing aggressive. The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line. Somebody can tell who

27、 is the winner until the last minute.答案：My school holds a sports meeting every October. We all forward to it, for it is a time for us to reduce stress and it always brings us lots of unforgettable memories. It usually for three days, during which time we have no classes. All the go to the playground

28、 to watch or in games. The part I like most is the relay race. With race going on, our excitement grows. All of yell out “come on” to the athletes, watching them competing. The most breathtaking moment is the athletes are getting to the finishing line. can tell who is the winner until the last minut

29、e.1去掉in考查介词。表示时间的名词前有every, any等词修饰时不再用介词。2lookedlook考查动词的时态。由下一个并列句“and it always brings us .”可知，此处应改为一般现在时。3lastlasts考查主谓一致。该句主语是第三人称单数it，谓语动词也应用单数形式。4studentstudents考查名词的数。不定代词all修饰可数名词复数形式。5joiningjoin考查动词不定式。or连接两个相同的并列结构，此处join与watch是并列成分。6race前加the考查冠词。race是特指上文提到的the relay race。7themus考查代词。由上一句中的“our excitement”可知此处指“我们所有的人”在呐喊加油。8aggressiveaggressively考查副词。修饰动词compete，应用副词形式。9thatwhen考查连接词。最激动人心的时刻是运动员到达终点的时候。根据句意可知，此处指时间，因此用when引导表语从句。10SomebodyNobody考查不定代词。根据句意“不到最后一分钟没人知道谁是胜利者。”因此将Somebody改为Nobody。