中考初中英语六大状语从句复习学案.docx

1、中考初中英语六大状语从句复习学案中考初中英语六大状语从句复习学案状语从句知识要点列举概述状语主要是用来修饰动词和形容词的，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果等。状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句。状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。状语从句课程安排：1、时间状语从句（一）由when,while, as引导的时间状语从句的区别用法（二）由before和after引导的时间状语从句的区别用法（三）till或until引导的时间状语从句的区别（四）since引导的时间状语从句的用法1.时间状语从句用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。常用引

2、导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until（一）由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句的区别用法when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。如：When she came in, I was eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当我的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） We wer

3、e about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。（就在那时）While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.我妻子在看报纸，我在看电视。(was reading是延续性的动词，并且was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketbal

4、l.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）（二）由before和after引导的时间状语从句的区别用法before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时

5、间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。如：It will be four days before they come back. （主将从现，一一对应）他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. （几乎同时发生）爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. （主过完从过）我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。They

6、 had not been married four months before they were divorced.他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。如：After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）（三）till或until引导

7、的时间状语从句的区别till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。但要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。如：I didnt go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。（主句中的动作是瞬间性动作时必须用否定式）It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me Englis

8、h.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。（前肯意为否）I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。（前否意为肯）Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。（四）since引导的时间状语从句的用法since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is时间since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。如：I have been in Beijing since

9、you left. （主现完从过去）自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。Where have you been since I last saw you?（主现完从过去）自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。（重点句型，表示相反意思）It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。（重点句型，表示相反意思）（五）在时间状语从句中如：Ill let him know as soon as she com

10、es.（主将从现）她一来，我就会让你知道。2、原因状语从句用表示原因的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是原因状语从句。原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, for引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.因为我病了，所以没出席会议。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。As it is raining, we wil

11、l not go to the park.因为下雨，所以我们没去公园。Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然每个人都来了，那就开会了。for有时也可引出表示原因的分句，但它只能位于后面，对前一分句加以解释或推断。It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet昨天晚上一定下雨了，因为地面都湿了。3、目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由so that，in order that引导。用表示目的的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是目的状语从句。如：I hired a boat

12、so that I could go fishing. 我租了一条船去钓鱼。He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习是为了能通过考试。需要注意的是，so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that

13、 he has to rest. (结果状语从句)4、条件状语从句用表示条件的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是目的状语从句。引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless，as long as等。如：Dont come unless I telephone.除非我打电话，否则你别来。If you watch carefully you will see how to do it.如果你仔细看，你会看出该怎样做。在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态（主将从现）。如：Ill help you with your English if I am free t

14、omorrow.如果我明天有空，我就帮你辅导英语。He wont be late unless he is ill.除非他病了，否则他不会迟到。5、结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, sothat，suchthat等。如：He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他气得话都说不出来。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力太大，玻璃都震破了。【5条注意事项】在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so +

15、形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。如：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.这个大厅大得能容纳2000人。Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.妈妈住得太远了我们都无法常见面。在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do

16、anything.天太热了，没人愿意干活。He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.他进步很快，期中表现非常好。有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.这部电影太精彩了，我们都想再看一遍。如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词

17、修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.很快就聚集了许多鹿，啃光了所有的野玫瑰。He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.他几乎没时间跟你们去电影院。so.that.句型的否定形式可用简单句too.to.或not.enough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go to school. 他太小了，不能上学。 He is too young to go

18、 to school.He is not old enough to go to school.当so/suchthat结构中的so或such放在句首时，主句用倒装语序。So proud was he that henever listened to any advice. 他太骄傲了以致于从来听不进任何建议。6.地点状语从句引导词：where（的地方）, wherever （任何的地方）We should gowhere the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。You are free to gowherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。

19、注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句Youd bettermake a markwhere you have any questions. (状语从句)Youd better make a markat the placewhere you have any questions. (定语从句)你最好在有疑问的地方做个记号。一、Where引导状语从句副词性从句二、Where引导定语从句形容词性从句三、在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句.一、Where引导状语从句副词性从句当Where引导状语从句时，Where前没有表示地点的先行词，Where是从属连

20、词，Where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词。例如：1. The famous scientist grew upwhere he was bornand in 1930 he came to Shanghai.这位知名的科学家就在出生地成长，1930年来到上海。评析：句中“the famous scientist grew up 这一部分是该句的主句，Where到句子最后是地点状语从句，where前没有表示地点的先行词.2. She foundher passportwhere she lost it.她在她丢护照的地方找到了护照。评析：passport是主句 found 后的宾语，它并不是从

21、句中lost的地点，因此 where 引导的是地点状语从句，从属连词where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词 found 。二、Where引导定语从句形容词性从句当where 引导定语从句时，Where前有表示地点的先行词，where 引导的从句修饰先行词，Where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。例如：3. Hes got himself into a dangeroussituationwhere is likely to lose control over the plane .他在飞机上失去控制，处于极其危险的境地。评析：situation 是先行词，其后是Where引导的定语从句。4.

22、 This isthe placewhere Luxun once lived .这是鲁迅曾经生活过的地方。评析： the place 是先行词，其后是 where引导的定语从句 ，where 在从句中作地点状语。一关键区别：Where引导的状语从句前面没有名词，即使有，也和从句无关。 二、 Where引导的定语从句前面有表示地点的名词作先行词，并在后面的定语从句中做状语。三、在有些情况下,where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句.例如:A tall building was put upat the placewhere there used to be a desert

23、.A tall building wasput upwhere there used to be a desert.在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼.有志者事竟成。Where there is a will there is a way.经典例题( C ) . _ he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his mother. A) Because B) But C) Although D) So( A ). _ you put your heart into the book, you wont understand

24、 it. A. Unless B. Until C. Because D. Though( A ). _ Louis got only a silver medal this time, he was still more confident about the future.A) Though B) Because C) If D) As soon as( A ). I didnt know the new classmate_ we met at a Yoga club yesterday. A)until B) after C) if D)thoughThe scientists wil

25、l succeed in their experiment _ they give up. A) unless B) if C) after D) until( C ). _ all the students are here, why dont we start our class meeting right now? A) Although B) When C) Since D) Before( B ). Nowadays many people travel abroad to spend the Spring Festival, _it is a bit expensive. A) b

26、ecause B) though C) since D) if ( C ).A new school library will be built soon _ its design is passed at the meeting. A) though B) until C) if D) unless ( D ).She turned her face away from him _he wouldnt see her tears. A)although B) unless C) because D) so that ( D ).I dont like apples I know its go

27、od for my health. A)because B)since C)when D)although ( C ).Stella gave a lot of money to the charity _she was not very rich. A. if B. since C. though D. because( C ). Some students had to give up their hobbies _ they were busy with their work. A) although B) until C) because D) unless ( D ).He just

28、 kept silent he knew clearly it was his turn to speak.A) if B) because C) after D) though一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 Jackie visited his grandparents on their farm. And he was playing with a slingshot(弹弓) in the woods. He practised in the woods but he could never hit the target. As he was walking b

29、ack, he saw Grandmas pet duck. Without thinking, he shot, hit the duck in the head and killed it. He was very afraid. He knew Grandma loved the duck. She would be sad or even angry if she knew that her duck was killed He then hid the dead duck under a tee His sister Susan saw it all, but she said no

30、thing. After lunch that day Grandma said, Susan, lets wash the dishes. But Susan said, Grandma. Jackie told me he wanted to help in the kitchen today, didnt you, Jackie? And then she whispered(小声说) to him, Remember the duck? So Jackie did the dishes. Later Grandpa asked if the children wanted to go

31、fishing, but Grandma sad, Tm sorry but I need Susan to help clean the house. But Susan smiled and said, Well, thats all right because Jackie told me he wanted to help. And she whispered again, Remember the duck? So Susan went fishing with Grandpa and Jackie stayed. These remember the duck went on for many