小学六年级英语语法讲解及专项练习.docx

1、小学六年级英语语法讲解及专项练习2019-2020年小学六年级英语语法讲解及专项练习【一般现在时】一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态二. 构成及变化1.be动词的变化。肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy。我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker。他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not。特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，

2、二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often play basketball after school。否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school。一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它？如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont。特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？如： What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时

3、,助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well。否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well。.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt。特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？如： How does your father go to work?三。第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collet

4、s takes plays climbs。(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母，结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音：将y改为i加es: studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says四。时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every【现在进行时】一。意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。二。构成：be (am, is ,a

5、re )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) Im doing my homework now 。否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. Im not doing my homework now。一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他？Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , Im not 。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他？What are you doing now ?三. 现在分词的构成：(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不发音字

6、母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have havingride riding e ing(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四。时间标志now，句前的look ,listen【一般过去时】一。意义：表示过去某个时间

7、发生的事情或存在的状态。二。构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday 。否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sund

8、ay 。一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt 。特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?三、时间标志：yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, month, year)，a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,【一般将来时】一。意义：表示将来某个时

9、间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性， 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going

10、 to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt。你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗？不。4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？5.注意： be going to 结构

11、后面习惯上不跟 go ， e 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如： Hes going to New York next week。下周他要去纽约。2.will /shall +动词原形(在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will)1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening。今天晚上他们不看电视。3.

12、一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来？三、附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1.Shall we go to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go 。否定 No , lets go to the cinema。2.Will y

13、ou please e to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure 。否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant。四、时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 小学英语时态4种时态 （二）一般现在时 定义： 1.目前存在的状态 2.经常性、习惯性的动作 标志词： 频度副词： 例：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(wee

14、k.) 谓语形式： 系动词be ( am, is, are) 行为动词原形（主语为第三人称单数时V + s, 或 es） 疑问形式： 1.be 放主语前 2.主语前加do 或does (动词还原) 否定式： 1.be + not 2.动词前加 dont 或doesnt (动词还原) 提问谓语： What do /does + 主语+ do? 如：She reads English every day. What does she do every day? 现在进行时 定义： 表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词： 1.提示语：look! Listen! 2.At +时间点 3.前有祈使

15、句 谓语形式： Be (am, is, are ) + V-ing 疑问形式 be 放主语前 否定式： be + not 提问谓语： What is / are +主语+ doing？ 如：Were listening now. What are you doing now? 一般将来时 定义： 1.表示将要或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词： 1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year) 3.in the year 谓语形式： 1.be going to +

16、V 原形 2.will + V 原形 3.go, e, leave 等用现在进行时表示将来 4.want 用现在时表将来 疑问形式： be 或will 放主语前 否定式： be 或 will 后加 not will not = wont 提问谓语： 1.What is/ are +going to do? 2.What will + 主语+do? 如：He will play basketball next week. What will he do next week? 一般过去式 定义： 表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词：1.yesterday, last week/ year

17、/ month 等 2.two years ago/ in / at that time谓语形式： 1.动词be 的过去时（was, were） 2.行为动词的过去式 疑问形式： 1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原) 否定式： 1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didnt (动词还原) 提问谓语： What did + 主语+ do? 如：Tom did his homework last night. What did Tom do last night?一般过去时 eg:He went to library. 现在进行时 eg:He is go

18、ing to library. 一般现在时 eg:He goes to library. 一般将来时 eg:He will go to library. eg:He is going to take the exams. *现在完成时 eg:He has been in china for five years. eg:He has been in china since five years ago. eg:I have gone to china. 容易混淆的时态互相比较1.一般现在时与现在完成时 1) I e from Shanghai(上海人） I have e from Shangh

19、ai（从上海来） 2) You read very well. (强调能力） Youve read very well. （强调一次刚完成的动作） 3) I forget.(一时想不起来了） I have forgotten.（仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了） 4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态） The book has been written in simple English.（表动态，已用英语写成） 5) Every time I see him, hes been reading. （两个动作不可能同时进行）Every tim

20、e I have seen him, hes been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行） 6) He is gone. (强调状态）He has gone （强调动作和时间） 7) He wont e till the play begins. (演出开始时） He wont e till the play has begun.（戏已开始） 8) After I leave school, Ill go to college. （两个动作紧密相接） After I have left school, Ill go to college.（强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔） 9) It

21、is a long time since I saw you last. Its been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语） 10) Where are you (在哪）Where have you been(去了哪） 2.一般现在时与现在进行时 1) He works hard.（强调始终如一）He is working hard.（强调现在） 2) What do you do (干什么工作的）What are you doing（在干什么） 3) Here es the bus! (表高兴和欣慰） The bus is

22、ing.（汽车到来的情景） 4) I forget him name. Im forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了） 5) You dont eat much. (强调胃口不大） Youre not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀） 6) The match starts at 7 oclock. (比较固定，不宜改变） The match is starting at 7 oclock.（可以改变） 7) Tom always es late. Tom is always ing late.(表示不满，责备） 8)Tom goes to college now

23、. Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动） 9） I tell you.（我可以告诉你） Im telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩） 10) He always sleeps in the afternoon. He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了） 11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令） Im expecting you to phone me.（婉转） 12) What do you say What are you s

24、aying(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满） 12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果） Im finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到） 13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实) Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵) 14) He always thinks of others. Hes always thinking of others.(表示赞扬) 15) When

25、ever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行) 16) I hope youll give us some advice. Im hoping youll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转) 17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了) 18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐) We can discuss

26、 this while we are eating.(进餐已开始) 3. 现在完成时与一般过去时 1) Ive seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里) I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了) 2) Whos opened the window (窗户还在开着) Who opened the window (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上) 3) Have you ever heard him sing (他可能不是爱唱歌) Did you ever hear him sing(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家) 4) Have you ever

27、 heard of such a thing (你听过这种事吗) Did you ever hear of such a thing(这种事, 你听说过吗 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。) 5) What have I done to make you so angry (对方仍生气） What did I do to make you so angry （暗示某一过去的时间，可能对方已不生气了。） 6) How has he done it (他这活干的怎么样？强调结果） How did he do it（他是怎么干这活的？强调干活的方式） 7) He has lived in New Yor

28、k for eight years. (他仍在纽约） He lived in New York for eight years.（他可能不在人世了） 8) He has been called a thinker. He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家） 9) Youve heard what I said. (你听见我的话了） You heard what I said.（你是听见我的话的，口气严厉，具有感情色彩。） 10) Ive lost my pen. (笔还没找到）I lost my pen.（笔可能找到了） 11) He has already bee

29、n there. (曾去过哪） He was already there.（当时在哪） 12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.（生病还在延续）Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了） 13) Have you slept well (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了） Did you sleep well（暗示睡的是否舒服，满意） 4. 过去完成时与一般过去时 1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔) I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念) 2) I waited till I saw him. I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍) 3) We hoped he would e.(我们希望他来) We had hoped he would e.(我们本希望他来的) 4) I dont think he sang as well as he once di