高考英语浙江专用精准提分二轮试题第三部分 话题拓展阅读与写作 第18节.docx

1、高考英语浙江专用精准提分二轮试题第三部分 话题拓展阅读与写作 第18节第18节科普知识与现代技术(二).阅读理解A(2018杭州质检)The descriptions are scary.Some people felt fine in the morning and then were dead by night.Patients coughed up blood.Their faces turned blue.That was what happened in 1918.Deadly flu killed tens of millions of people around the worl

2、d.It is 100 years later.Scientists are thinking about how to keep us safe from superflu.Dr.Anthony Fauci says we need one vaccine(疫苗) that can protect against most or all types of flu.Scientists want a shot that people could get every 5 or 10 years to get rid of normal flu shots.Maybe someday we wil

3、l need just one shot.It could last our whole lives.It will not be easy.Scientists have been learning about flu for 100 years.Still，the flu often beats our best plans to stop it.That is because it is always changing.The immune system(免疫系统) protects the body.It keeps us healthy by fighting things that

4、 might harm the body.To get around our immune system，the flu changes itself every year.Scientists have a new plan，though.They are learning how the flu tricks the immune system.They are finding which part of the flu stays the same each year.The 1918 flu outbreak shows why this is so important.Back th

5、en，there was no flu vaccine.There was no way to stop it.By the winter of 1919，the flu had infected onethird of the worlds population，killing at least 50 million people in a short time.In 2009，scientists made a great discovery.They learned something new.Sometimes，peoples immune system makes a small n

6、umber of special antibodies.Antibodies are proteins(蛋白质) in the blood.These proteins stop us from getting sick.These special antibodies can stop the flu.Scientists are trying different tricks to get peoples bodies to make more of those antibodies.They still need to learn more，though.In the meantime，

7、Fauci says it is silly to think about what the next flu might bring.“We just need to be prepared，” he said.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。多年来，许多科学家致力于流感病毒的研究，他们曾提出用注射疫苗的方法防治大多数或所有种类的流感，但是由于流感病毒多变，这不易实施；研究发现，人体会针对流感病毒产生特殊的抗体，科学家们正在尝试用不同的方法让人体产生更多这样的抗体。1The flu tricks the immune system by .Achanging itself every year

8、Bremaining totally unchangedCproducing special antibodiesDharming proteins in the body答案A解+析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“To get around our immune system，the flu changes itself every year.”可知，为了避开我们的免疫系统，流感每年都在变化。故A项正确。2What can we learn from the text?AThe flu causes more deaths than it did 100 years ago.BA flu va

9、ccine shot with longterm effects is easy to make.CThe superflu will take about 5 or 10 years to get rid of.DPeople dont have to be too concerned about the flu.答案D解+析推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段内容可知，科学家们不断地研究如何防治流感，在2009年取得了突破，他们发现人们的免疫系统会产生少量的特殊抗体，科学家们正在尝试用不同的方法来让人体产生更多这样的抗体；所以我们只需做好准备，而考虑下一次流感可能带来的后果是愚蠢的；据此

10、可以判断，人们无需太担心流感，故D项正确。3What is the main idea of the text?AThe deadly flu killed tens of millions of people in such a short time.BScientists are trying to figure out the best protecting ways against the flu.CThe immune system plays a vital part in keeping us from being sick.DPeople around the world ar

11、e scared of the sudden outbreak of the flu.答案B解+析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家们正在研究防治流感的方法，故B项最能概括文章大意。B(2018山东聊城一模)If some parts of a body are very sick or damaged，then doctors might need to remove them.Another way doctors can help is to grow new tissue to replace what is sick or damaged.This is called r

12、egenerative medicine(再生医学)Regenerative medicine sounds like something from a science fiction movie but it is not a new idea.Inside our bones，we have something called “marrow”，which makes our blood and keeps us healthy.Doctors have been giving sick people the bone marrow from other healthy people for

13、 the last 30 or 40 years，and this is a kind of regenerative medicine.Newer developments in regenerative medicine include growing new skin in a laboratory and using it to help people who have been hurt in fires or accidents.Another example of regenerative medicine is a technique developed from studyi

14、ng frogs and mice.When cells are old，like in adults，they cant change what they do in our bodies.For example，a skin cell cant change into an eye cell.But when cells are very young，they can become any cell type.These young cells are called stem cells，and doctors can use them to grow any type of tissue

15、，such as skin，heart or eye.John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka won the 2012 Nobel Prize for their studies in this area.Professor Fiona Watt，from the Centre of Regenerative Medicine at Kings College，London，believes that regenerative medicine is so exciting because many different kinds of experts need to

16、work together.3D printers may be used to print new bones by experts，who need to work closely with university scientists and the surgeons who do the operations in hospitals.We can not yet grow new arms or legs for people，but the science fiction dream of regenerative medicine may be closer than we thi

17、nk.Perhaps in the future，doctors will be able to grow whole new bodies for us.4Whats the main idea of the passage?AHow to help very sick or damaged people.BRegenerative medicine and science fiction.CWe can grow our new bodies in the future.DRegenerative medicine and its development.答案D解+析主旨大意题。通读全文可

18、知，文章主要介绍了什么是再生医学，再生医学的具体应用和发展过程及前景。故选D。5Which of the following is TRUE according to this passage?AMarrow can help grow new bones.BStem cell can be used to grow any type of tissue.CSurgeons now use 3D printers to print new bones.DRegenerative medicine is a new science in medicine.答案B解+析推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第

19、二句“These young cells are called stem cells，and doctors can use them to grow any type of tissue，such as skin，heart or eye.”可知，医生可以用干细胞来生长出任何类型的组织。故选B。6Whats the writers attitude to the development in regenerative medicine?APessimistic. BOptimistic.CDoubtful. DIndifferent.答案B解+析观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，再生医学的科

20、幻梦可能比我们想象的更接近，也许在将来，医生能够为我们培养出全新的身体。由此可知作者对再生医学的发展持乐观态度。故选B。.七选五(2018北京市石景山区一模)A peer is a person who is about the same age as you.Peers affect your life，whether you know it or not，just by spending time with you. 7 Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the pl

21、anets in solar system.Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyones reading it.However，sometimes peers affect one another in another way. 8 Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to shoplift(在商店偷窃) with him.Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be

22、liked，to fit in，or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they dont go along with the group. 9 The idea that “everyones doing it” may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of.Exp

23、eriments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/his mind from what she/he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answerjust because everyone else gives the incorrect answer！ 10 11 Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong c

24、an help you know the right thing to do.Inner strength and selfconfidence can help you stand firm，walk away and resist doing something when you know better.APeers can have a good effect on one another.BPeer pressure is the direct influence on people by peers.CGood peers may give you a hand when you a

25、re in trouble.DThat holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.EMaybe one kid at school tried to get another to cut class with him.FIt can be hard to walk away from peer pressure，but it can be done.GOthers may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are d

26、oing.语篇解读同龄人之间既有好的影响也有不好的影响，有些孩子屈服于同龄人的压力，这会让他们失去正确的是非观。同龄人的压力可能很难摆脱，但只要坚定信念，也能抵制住这种压力。7答案A解+析考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段的内容可知，同伴之间可以相互影响。同伴间既有好的影响，也有不良的影响。而前半部分说的是好的影响。分析选项可知A项(同伴之间可以互相产生好的影响。)符合题意，故选A正确。8答案E解+析考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段指同伴之间的相互影响，根据上一句“However，sometimes peers affect one another in another way.

27、”及下一句“Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to shoplift(在商店偷窃) with him.”可知，此处是说不好的影响。分析选项可知E项(也许学校里有个孩子想找个同伴和他一起逃课。)符合题意，且句式和下一句相同，故选E项。9答案G解+析考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据下一句“The idea that everyones doing it may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.(“每个人都这样做

28、”的想法可能会让一些孩子丢弃自己更好的判断力或常识。)”可判断G项(其他人可能会一起做，因为他们很想尝试其他人正在做的新事物。)符合题意，故选G项。10答案D解+析考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据第四段第一句“Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of.(同龄人的压力可能非常强烈，很难摆脱。)”可判断，这种情况对任何年龄段的人都适用，分析选项可知D项(在同龄人压力下，任何年龄段的人都如此。)符合题意，故选D项。11答案F解+析考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后的内容可知，自己要坚定信念，到底什么是正确的

29、什么是错误的，这样就能让你知道该做什么。内在的力量和自信能帮助你承受同龄人的压力，远离并抵制你不应当做的事情。分析选项可知，F项(虽然很难摆脱同伴的压力，但这是可以做到的。)符合题意，故选F项。.概要写作(2018绍兴新昌中学适应性测试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。According to most people，after a long period of studying or working，we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves.However，that may not be the case.Accordin

30、g to a recent report，you dont need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource，which is why you feel the need to have a rest，have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better.They argue that the

31、only way it restores willpower is by rest，food or entertainment.But psychologists have challenged this theory，saying weak willpower is all in your head.They have found that peoples belief in willpower determines how long and how well theyll be able to work on tough mental exercise.“If you think of w

32、illpower as something that is not really used up，you can go on and on.” said Professor Veronika Job.The researchers designed four experiments to test students belief in willpower.After a tiring task，those who believed，or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource，performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.They