九年级英语下册Module5Lookafteryourself知识讲解新外研.docx

1、九年级英语下册Module5Lookafteryourself知识讲解新外研Module 5 Look after yourselfLanguage points:1. Look after yourself!look after 意思是 “照顾，照料”，初中阶段常见的look短语还有: look at, look for, look like, look up等。2. Theyll catch up in a few minutes.catch up 意思是 “追上，赶上”。如：If you miss a lot of lessons, its very difficult to catch

2、 up.Catch up还可以和with 连用，如：Run fast, or you cant catch up with him.3. Ill call for help on my mobile.这里call指打电话，for表目的， 即“打电话求助”。4. There he is, lying on the ground!现在分词短语lying on the ground在本句中作状语，对谓语表示的状态起陪衬说明的作用。5. Hes got a wound in his leg and he may get a fever but its nothing serious.这里nothing

3、 serious表示“不很严重，没什么大事”。例如：Dont worry! Nothing serious! 6. Thanks to improvements in both health care and personal safety, most people are living healthier, longer lives.thanks to 意思是“由于，因为”It was all a great success - thanks to a lot of hard work.7. The wrong diet means youll put on weightput on wei

4、ght 意思是“增加体重” I can peat what I want, but I never put on weight.8. Say no to smoking and drug!14、大我数地区的自来水水源取自水库、湖泊或河流。自来水是主要的饮用水，饮用水源受到污染，会直接影响我们的身体健康。这里 say no / yes to表示 “向 说 不 / 行”，即“拒绝 / 同意”。例如：Did you say yes to (= accept) her invitation?答：如水资源缺乏，全球气候变暖，生物品种咖快灭绝，地球臭氧层受到破坏，土地荒漠化等世界性的环境问题。Their

5、offer was so good that I couldnt say no. 12、太阳是太阳系里唯一发光的恒星，直径是1400000千米。9. Think about the effect on your family and friends8、我们把铁钉一半浸在水里，一半暴露在空气中，过几天我们发现铁钉在空气中的部分已经生锈，在水中的部分没有生锈。通过实验，我们得出铁生锈与空气有关。这里effect 是名词，意思是“影响、结果、效果”，后面常接介词on。例如：在铁制品表面涂上油漆或菜油，用完铁制品后擦干放在干燥的地方等。The plan failed to achieve the de

6、sired effect of diverting traffic from the city.答：如蚂蚁、蝗虫、蚕蛾、蚜虫、蟋蟀、蝉、蝴蝶、蜜蜂、七星瓢虫等。The accident had a huge effect on her life.9、物质的变化一般分为物理变化和化学变化。化学变化伴随的现象很多，最重要的特点是产生了新物质。物质发生化学变化的过程中一定发生了物理变化。Grammar:7、对于生活中的一些废弃物，我们可以从垃圾中回收它们并重新加工利用。这样做不但能够减少垃圾的数量，而且能够节省大量的自然资源。时态6、蚜虫是黄色的，在植物的嫩枝上吸食汁液，每个蚜虫只有针眼般大小，在1

7、0倍放大镜下我们可以看清它们的肢体。1 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用

8、一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don/t want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.

9、第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。2 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, th

10、ey were given a warm welcome.3）句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示/宁愿某人做某事/ I/d rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建

11、议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含义：现在

12、还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?3 used to / be used to used to + do：过去常常表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take

13、 a walk. (过去常常散步)be used to + doing： 对已感到习惯，或习惯于，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- It/s 69568442. A. didn/tB. couldn/tC. don/tD. can/t答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。4 一般将

14、来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening?2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark cl

15、ouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5 be going to / will用于条件句时， be going to表将来 will表意愿If you are going to make a j

16、ourney, you/d better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)I/m going to play football tomo

17、rrow afternoon. (主观安排)7 一般现在时表将来1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus i s coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is

18、ringing.3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I/ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.8 用现在进行时表示将来 意为：意图、打算、安排、常用于人。常用

19、词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 I/m leaving tomorrow. Are you staying here till next week?9 现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。10 比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，

20、而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语 3）现在完

21、成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。举例： I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。） Who hasn/t handed in his pap

22、er?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。) I have finished my homework now. -Wil

23、l somebody go and get Dr. White? -He/s already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.11 用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that 结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

24、It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that I/ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) I/ve heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。典型例题(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, t

25、his is the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it/s the first time I _ here.A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 Th

26、is is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I haven/t received his letter for almost a month.12 比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here f

27、or more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.I have not heard from my uncle for a long

28、 time.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。) I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still stu

29、dying it now.2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.13 since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 I

30、have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.14 延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结