语言学单元自测11.docx

1、语言学单元自测11I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.L1 development and L2 development seem to involve the same processes. The capacity to acquire ones first language is a fundamental human trait that all human beings are equally well possessed with. All normal children have

2、equal ability to acquire their first language. Children follow a similar acquisition schedule of predictable stages along the route of language development across cultures， though there is an idiosyncratic variation in the amount of time that takes individuals to master different aspects of the gram

3、mar. 5.Humans can be said to be predisposed and biologically programmed to acquire at least one language. 6.Some languages are inferior， or superior， to other languages. 7.Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the vocabulary and the meaning of language. 8.Human beings are genetically

4、predetermined to acquire language； this genetic predisposition is a sufficient condition for language development. 9.Children who grow up in culture where caretaker speech is absent acquire their native language more slowly than children who are exposed to caretaker speech. 10.In mother tongue acqui

5、sition， normal children are not necessarily equally successful. 11.For the vast majority of children， language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of adults. 12.The available evidence to date indicates that an explicit teaching of correct forms to y

6、oung children plays a minor role at best. 13.Correction and reinforcement are not key factors in child language development as they were claimed to be. 14.Imitation plays at best a very minor role in the childs mastery of language. 15.Observations of children in different language areas of the world

7、 reveal that the developmental stages are similar， possibly universal， whatever the nature of the input. 16.A childs babbling seems to depend on the presence of acoustic， auditory input. 17.In general， the two-word stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs first year. 18.Childrens two-wo

8、rd expressions are absent of syntactic or morphological markers. 19.Children first acquire the sounds in all languages of the world， no matter what language they are exposed to， and in late stages acquire the more difficult sounds. 20.Language acquisition begins at about the same time as lateralizat

9、ion does and is normally complete， as far as the essentials are concerned， by the time that the process of lateralization comes to an end. II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given. 21.The first language a_ refers to the development of a first or native language.

10、22.According to a n_ view of language acquisition， humans are quipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use， just as birds are biologically pre-wired to learn the songs of their species. 23.A caretaker speech， also called m_ or b_， is the type of modified speech typically addre

11、ssed to young children. 24.B_ learning theory suggested that a childs verbal behavior was conditioned through association between a stimulus and the following response. 25.Childrens one-word utterances are also called h_ sentences， because they can be used to express a concept or predication that wo

12、uld be associated with an entire sentence in adult speech. 26.The early multiword utterances of children lack inflectional morphemes and most minor lexical categories， they are often referred to as t_ speech. 27.A_ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language b

13、y using it naturally in daily communicative situations. 28.The C_ Analysis was founded on the belief that it was possible， by establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems， to predict what problems learners of a particular second language would face and the t

14、ypes of errors they would make. 29.The language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA is known as i_. 30.Learners subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t_. 31.Motivation in language learning can be defined in terms of t

15、he learners overall goal or orientation. I_ motivation occurs when the learners goal is functional and i_ motivation occurs when the learners goal is social. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the one that can best complete the statement：32. In first language acquisition， imi

16、tation plays _. A. a minor role B. a significant role C. a basic role D. no rule 33. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children， language development occurs _. A. with much imitation B. with little conscious instruction C. with much correction from their parents D. with little lingu

17、istic input 34. The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of _ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences. A. cultural B. grammatical C. behaviour D. pragmatic 35. _ has been found to occur usually in childrens pronunciation or reporting of the truthfulness of

18、 utterances， rather than in the grammaticality of sentences. A. Punishment B. Instruction C. Reinforcement D. Imitation 36. According to the _， the acquisition of a second language involves， and is dependent on， the acquisition of the culture of the target language community. A. acculturation view B

19、. mentalist view C. behaviorist view D. conceptualist view 37. In general， a good second learner is an adolescent _. A. who has a strong and well-defined motivation to learn B. who seeks out all chances to interact with the input C. who is willing to identify himself with the culture of the target l

20、anguage community D. all the above 38. The optimum age for second language acquisition is _. A. early teenage B. after puberty C. at puberty D. after the brain lateralization 39. The formal instruction in second language acquisition _. A. has no effect at all B. has a powerful delayed effect C. has

21、very little effect D. has unsatisfactory effect 40. _ is believed to be a major source of incorrect forms resistant to further instruction. A. The second language learners unwillingness to learn B. The poor classroom teaching C. The fossilization of the learners interlanguage D. The learners lack of

22、 instrumental motivation 41. Which of the following is not true？A. Interlanguage is a product of communicative strategies of the learner. B. Interlanguage is a product of mother tongue interference. C. Interlanguage is a product of overgeneralization of the target language rules. D. Interlanguage is

23、 the representation of learners unsystematic L2 rules. 42._， except those with mental or physical impairments， are better or worse first language acquirers. A. Some men B. Almost all men C. No men D. Few men IV. Explain the following terms. 43. caretaker speech 44. holophrastic sentences 45. telegra

24、phic speech 46. second language acquisition 47. acquisition 48. learning 49. transfer 50. interlanguage 51. fossilization 52. instrumental motivation 53. integrative motivation 54. acculturation V. Answer the following questions as comprehensively as possible. Give examples for illustration if neces

25、sary.55.Whats the difference between acquisition and learning， according to Krashen？56.How do the learner factors potentially influence the way in which a second language is acquired？57.What is the role of input for SLA？58.How do you understand interlanguage？59.Discuss the contrastive analysis in de

26、tail. 60.What are the major stages that a child has to follow in first language development？ What are the features of the linguistic forms at each stage？61.3What is the role of correction and reinforcement in first language acquisition？62.Why do we say language acquisition is primarily the acquisiti

27、on of the grammatical system of language？63.Discuss the biological basis of language acquisition. 64.What is the role of imitation in first language acquisition？Suggested AnswersI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False. l. F 2.T 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. F 11.

28、 T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T II. Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given. 21. acquisition 22. nativist 23. motherese， baby talk 24. Behaviorist 25. holophrastic 26. telegraphic 27. Acquisition 28. Contrastive 29. interlanguage 30. transfe

29、r 31. Instrumental， integrative III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the one that can best complete the statement.32. A 33. B 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C 41. D 42. C IV. Explain the following terms.43. Caretaker speech： It is the modified speech typically addresse

30、d to young children. Such modified speech is called baby talk， motherese， or parentese. 44. Holophrastic sentences： They are childrens one-word utterances. They are called holophrastic sentences， because they can be used to express a concept or predication that would be associated with an entire sen

31、tence in adult speech. 45. Telegraphic speech： They are the early multiword utterances of children which typically lack inflectional morphemes and most minor lexical categories. Some function words are altogether missing. What occur in these multiword utterances are usually the substantive or content words that carry the main message. Because of their resemblance to the style