全国研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析.docx

1、全国研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析2019 年研究生入学统一考试英语二试题及答案解析 Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight flu

2、ctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form

3、of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks t

4、o a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it i

5、s less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity

6、remains the same, but Im constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for myoverall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry th

7、e burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. Ive also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 Im training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy le

8、vel.1. A. ThereforeB. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Besides2. A. CaresB. warnsC. reducesD. helps3. A. SolelyB. occasionallyC. formallyD. initially4. A. LoweringB. explainingC. acceptingD. recording5. A. SetB. reviewC. reachD. modify6. A. DepictionB. distributionC. predictionD. definition7. A. Regardless ofB

9、. aside fromC. along withD. due to8. A. RigidB. preciseC. immediateD. orderly9. A. judgmentsB. reasonsC. methodsD. claims10. A. ThoughB. againC. indeedD. instead11. A. TrackB. overlookC. concealD. report12. A. Approval ofB. hold ontoC. account forD. depend on13. A. ShareB. adjustC. confirmD. prepare

10、14. FeaturesB. rulesC. testsD. results15. A. AnxiousB. hungryC. sickD. bored16. A. SecretB. beliefC. signD. principle17. A. NecessityB. decisionC. wishD. request18. A. SurprisingB. restrictingC. consumingD. disappointing19. A. BecauseB. unlessC. untilD. if20. A. DominatingB. puzzlingC. triumphingD.

11、obsessing1.逻辑关系题：文章第一句说定期称体重是一个很好的方式，空格后谈到 hurt 伤害 ia，所以前后构成转折相反关系，需要填入一个转折词，选 C however。干扰项 A 因此，B 否则，D 除此之外。都不符合题意。2.词性题：空前提到伤害大，空格内需要填入与 hurt 的反义词，正确的是 D help有帮助。干扰项 A 关心，B 警告，C 减少。3.副词题：这句意思是我们会把关注点由原来的通常关注体重和健康转移到 关注体重秤上面来。此处需要与 generally 通常相反的词，正确的是 solely 仅仅。干扰项 B 偶尔，C 正式与句意不符。4.词性题：仅仅想着 体重秤上

12、的数字，答案是 A lowering 降低，此处用了仅仅用来加强语气不能选其他，B 解释，C 接受，D 记录。5.词性题：我需要训练来 目标，与 goal 搭配,最适合的是 reach 达到，干扰项A set 设置，B 审查，D 修正6.词性题目：准确的 我的努力，已经发生的事，应该用 depiction 描述，不能用预测 predict，其他词义 distribution 分配 definition 定义 都不对7.逻辑题： 改变训练项目，需要三周到一个月时间来注意到体重的明显变化, 此处构成因果关系，选 D due to 由于，其他 A 不顾，B 除了， C 和都不符合8.词性题：前一句讲

13、过体重的变化是最不明显的需要耗费三周到一个月，所以此处讲的应该是最明显的变化，因此选 C 立即的。9.逻辑题：前后构成因果关系，因为这些原因，我改变每天秤体重的做法。 正确答案 reasons10.逻辑题：前半句和后半句明显是一种对比关系，因此选 D instead 反而。11.词性题：空后是体重，A track 追踪，正确。B overlook 忽视，C conceal 掩盖，D report 报道，意思不符合。12.并列结构：and 前面 observe 观察，与它意思相近的是 C account for 解释说明，每隔一周称体重，让我观察到一些明显的体重变化并且为他寻找原因。其他项 A

14、批准赞成，B 紧紧抓住 ,D 依赖 不符合题意13.词性题：那会告诉我如何 我的训练计划，正确答案是 adjust 调整，其他选项 A 分享，C 确认 D 准备14.词性题：需要填入的是名词，我会从半月体重称量 得到信息。正确答案是D results 结果，其他项 A 特色，B 规则 ,C 测试 不符合题意15.并列结构：and 后是体重下降，此处是并列关系，选择 B 饥饿。其他项 A 焦虑，C 疾病的 ,D 无聊的 不符合题意16.词性题：体重下降，那是一个 我需要增加卡路里摄入，C 信号，正确。其他项 A 秘密,B 信念 D 原则 不符合题意17.词性题：to 后面的结构是修饰这个空，即停

15、止每天称体重的 B 决定，正确。其他项 A 必要性,C 希望 D 请求 不符合题意18.词性题：of 后边结构修饰前面的 burden 负担，所以我们此处填入的形容词也必然是不好的 D 失望的，正确。其他项 A 惊讶的,C 限制的 C 消耗的 不符合题意19.A 逻辑题： 前半句讲获得成功是结果，填入的应该是因为 because 正确。其他项 B 如果不,C 直到 D 如果 不符合题意20.D 词性题： 此处要填入一个动词，rather than 两个句子构成对比关系，所以我们需要选出与 focus 意思相近的词，几个词组都可搭配 over， obsess 痴迷 D 正确。其他项 A 统治,B

16、 迷惑 C 成功 不符合题意Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a litt

17、le later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, i

18、n the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior thats not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freuds ideas and religious han

19、g-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortableits the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict itupon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish

20、 says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binaryfeelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destr

21、uctive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malt

22、i, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids wh

23、o are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessm

24、ents and the childrens self-observations, they rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous ch

25、ild. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation.“Thats good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of ou

26、r empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A.regulate a childs basic emotionsB.improve a childs intellectual abilityC.intensify a childs positive feelingsD.foster a childs moral development22.Accordi

27、ng to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be .A. deceptive B. addictive C. burdensome D. inexcusable23.Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A.an emotion can play opposing rolesB.emotions are socially constructiveC.emotional stability can benefit healthD.emoti

28、ons are context -independent24.Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .A.may help correct emotional deficienciesB.can bring about emotional satisfactionC.can result from either sympathy or guiltD.may be the outcome of impulsive acts25.The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is clos

29、est in meaning to .A.wrongdoingsB.discussionsC.restrictionsD.teachings21.答案【D】foster a childs moral development解析：本题目为因果关系题，考察因果关系对应关系。根据题干关键词 guilt can be a good thing 定位到第一段最后一句。因果关系题找到原因定位句，根据最后一句 this is why可得知应该是题点的上一句，即第一段倒数第二句“Children arent born knowinghow to say “ I am sorry”; rather, they

30、learn over time that such statements appease parents andfriends-and their own consciences.”，这句的意思是孩子不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”，而是随着时间而学习到的，这种说法可以安慰一下他的父母朋友，以及他们自己的道德心（良心）。但是这句话实际是个例子，所以我们可以进一步往前看一句，就是第一段第一句的后半句主句，“guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norm

31、s.内疚出现的稍晚一点，伴随着孩子对于社会和道德准则的理解的逐渐增多”这句就可以得出答案A，foster a childs moral development 培养了孩子的道德发展是 a childsgrowing grasp of social and moral norms 这句的同义改写。干扰项 B 的 regulate a childs basicemotions 原文提及到基本情感，但并未提及 regulate 管理，干扰项 C.improve a childs intellectual ability 和 D. intensity a childs positive feeling

32、s 都为提及。22.答案【C】burdensome解析：本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的 many people still consider guilt to be 定位到原文第二段的第一和第二句，原文的 in the popular imagination 与题干中的many people still consider 是同义转化， 紧接着第二句继续说 it is deeply uncomfortable-its emotional equivalent of wearing a jacketweighted with stones,意思是内疚感是让人感到非常不舒服的，它是穿着石头那么重的夹克在