最新新上海牛津版初中英语八年级下册unit3知识点语法精讲精练.docx

1、最新新上海牛津版初中英语八年级下册unit3知识点语法精讲精练【新上海牛津版】2015-2016初中英语八年级下册Unit3知识点语法精讲精练Unit 3 Traditional skills 常考短语：1.paper cutting 剪纸2.set off 动身，出发3.after dark 天黑后，黄昏后4.all the time 一直，始终5.up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有6.up and down 起伏，上下波动7.no more 不再，再也不8.tie.around 拴在周围9.cut out 剪成10.in the shape of 以的形状11.put on 穿上；

2、上演12.close to 靠近13.put up 张贴14.a piece of 一片，一条15.after dark 天黑后要点全解：1.used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to do sth 被用来做某事be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事2.fit 形容词健康的；动词合适。3.set off=set out 出发，动身4.be ready for sth 准备好的； be ready to do sth 准备做某事5.stop . from doing sth 阻止做某事6.reach=get to=arrive at/in 到达7.a

3、ttract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力8.throw . into 把扔进throw .away 扔掉throw.at 向扔去9.make a mistake 犯错误，by mistake 错误地，mistake A for B 把A错认为B10.bring up 抚养，教育，培养11.keep (sb./sth.)+adj. 使保持keep (sb./sth.) doing 使不停地做某事12.be in good/bad health 健康状况好（不好）healthy 健康的13.voice 嗓音，常指人的嗓音、说话声及鸟的鸣叫声。 noise 杂声，常指不悦耳的喧闹

4、声。 sound 声音，泛指人耳能听到的自然界中的各种声音，不论高低，是否悦耳。She has a sweet voice. Theres too much noise here. Can you hear strange sounds from the next room?14.be made of 由制成，可以看得出原材料。 be made from 由制成，看不出原材料。 be made up of 由组成/构成，表示某物由若干部分构成。The doll is made up of four parts. 语法被动语态。（1）英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动

5、作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。（2）主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况。若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see

6、, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).（3）主动形式表示被动意义。 如 wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good.(4) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。列表如下：

7、一般现在时：am / is / are + done一般过去时：was / were + done一般将来时：shall / will + be done一般过去将来时：should / would + be done现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done练习：1.Great changes _ place. Many new schools_.A.have taken, have been ope

8、ned B.take, are open C.are taken, open D.have been taken, are opened2. The building _ in 1999. A. built B. is built C. was built D. build3. When _the accident _？ A. was, happen B. did. happen C. is, happen D. was, happened4.The children _ by the nurse in the kindergarten now. A. were looked B. are b

9、eing looked after C. were looked after D. are looking after5. Our classroom must _ clean A. keep B. be kept C. to keep D. to be kept6. Chinese _ by the largest number of people in the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. are speaking D. is spoken8. The bottle on the table _ cool water. A. is covered w

10、ith B. is made of C. is full of D. is changed into9. I _ to bring my book to school yesterday. A. told B. was told C. was telling D. had been told10. My clock _. Can you mend it for, ？ A. doesnt use B. isnt worked C. doesnt walk D. doesnt work11. The flowers _ well if they _. A. wont grow, dont take

11、 good care of B. dont grow, are taken good care of C. dont grow, dont take good care of D. wont grow, are not taken good care of12. Were glad that another Shenzhen underground _ very soon. A. will complete B. will be completed C. has completed D. has been completed13. The work _soon. A. will be fini

12、shed B. finishes C. has finished D. will finish14. Trees _ green in spring. A.turn B. are turned C. would turn D. is turning15. Some flowers _ by Kate already. A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been wateredUnit 3 Traditional skills一、要点概括二、hang on 用作电话用语（其后可接a minute, a moment, a

13、 while之类的词），意为：等一下；别放下电话；别挂断。1. reach 除了“到达”外，还有“伸手去够或拿”的意思。如： Some oranges are hard to reach. The girl was short so she couldnt reach the cup on the table.【区别】get, reach和arrive get是不及物动词，常和to连用。但当“到达”的地点是home或副词（here, there）时，to需要省略。如：When did you get there last night? I get home at 7:00 pm every d

14、ay. arrive为不及物动词，后须加上介词in/ at才能连接表示地点的名词。 表示到达大城市或国家时要用arrive in，而到达乡村、车站等小地方则用arrive at。如：We arrived in London last week. The doctor arrived at the village at last. reach为及物动词，其后既可以跟名词也可跟副词。如： I reached Beijing the day before yesterday. We reached here on foot. 一、单词拼写。1. The English teachers r_ the

15、 students to listen carefully.2. Lets h_ the picture on the wall.3. When he r_ Guangzhou, it was almost 11 pm.4. The books over there are on science. Waht about the r_.5. Eating much vegetable is good for you to keep f_.二、完成句子。1. 男孩家离学校很远，所以他不得不每天一大早就出发。 The boy lives far from the school, so he has

16、to _ _ in early morning every day.2. 天黑后，人们离开办公室回家。 _ _, people leave office and go home.3. 只要你不再吸烟，你可以更健康并活得更久。 You can be healthier and live longer, if you just smoke _ _.4. 办公室小弟每天都很忙，我们经常都看到他上上下下来回地跑。 The office boy is very busy every day, we often see hime run _ _ _.三、句子翻译1. 她又高又瘦。她有着一头黑色长发。她戴着

17、眼镜。_2. 他非常年轻，又爱又胖，留着一头棕色的短发。_3. 剪刀和纸被用于剪纸工艺。_【教材典句】1. No nets are required for this type of fishing.2. Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China.3. A music show will be held in the school hall at 4 p.m on Tuesday, 4 May.【语法全解】英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作

18、的承受者。1. 基本构成 被动语态的基本构成形式为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态变化。 Football is played all over the world. Is it made of bamboo? 2. 基本变法（1）将主动语态句中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中介词by的宾语。（2）将主动语态句中的谓语动词变成“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”形式，但时态不改变。（3）助动词be要与新的主语保持单、复数的一致；若主语和宾语时人称代词时，“格”应该作相应的变化。如： The workers make machines

19、in this factory. Machines are made by the workers in this factory.3. 省去by短语的几个条件（1）不知道、没必要或不想说出动作执行者时。 Rice is grown well there.（2）强调说明动作的承受者。 I was sent to teach them English.（3）汉语中有“据说，大家说”等时。 It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.4. 各时态的被动语态（1）一般现在时的被动语态 构成：am/ is/ are +过去分词 I

20、am often given gifts by Tom. The things on show are all made in China. Is the room cleaned every day?（2）一般过去时的被动语态 构成：was/ were+ 过去分词 Jim was asked to go there. The heavy snow stopped the visitors from leaving the top of the mountain. =The visitors were stopped from leaving the top of the mountain b

21、y the heavy snow.（3）一般将来时的被动语态构成：wii be+ 过去分词或am/ is/ are going to + be+ 过分分词Lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year.The children wont be allowed to go out at night.Is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year? 特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to。 The bo

22、ss made her work for 10 hours a day. She was made to work for 10 hours a day.【语法练习】1. -Excuse me. Im looking for be the best of yourself. -Sorry. The book you ask for _ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 2. Each year quite a lot of food _ around the world. Its really time f

23、or us to do something. A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted3. Flowers _ along the road last year. A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted 4. It is said that a new museum _ in our city next year. A. builds B. is building C. was built D. will be built 5. -Does she like sin

24、ging English songs? -Yes. She _ to sing English songs in her room. A. often does B. is often heard C. often hears D. often heard 简短说话1.假设你是表中的“我”，请根据下表的提示讲述你的经历，并根据表格中提供的情景谈论你的感受。时间：April 28事情经过：我感冒发烧，去医院看病，遇到了英语老师， 她叫我在家里休息，还说会来我家、叫同学来我家帮我学习。感受：？选择正确的答案1. -Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes. O

25、ur classroom _ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning 2. A talk on developments in science and technology _ in the school hall next week. A. given B. will be given C. was given D. is given3. -Did you go to Jacks birthday party? -No, I _. A. are not invited B. wasnt invited C. hav

26、ent invited D. didnt invite4. -Mum, can I go to the zoo with Jack? -When your homework _, you can. A. is done B. was done C. will be done D. has done5. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happeded6. She _ from China to America by plane last we

27、ek. A. set up B. set off C. set for D. set of7. Its a hard work. I enjoy it _. A. though B. although C. however D. so 8. If a law or rule requires you _ something, you have to do it. A. do B. to do C. to step D. stepping9. Are you ready _ into Harry Potters world again? A. step B. for step C. to ste

28、p D. stepping10. The Chinese medical workers helped the Arab woman _ every day. A. practise walking B. to practise to walk C. practise to walk D. practising walking重要单词，词组讲解1. mean的用法What do you mean to do with it? I didnt mean to hurt you.1）mean to do意欲做This means staying here longer. Missing the t

29、rain means waiting for another hour. 2）mean doing意味着做He is not meant for a teacher and will always be unhappy in the school.Be meant for 适合做他说他不适合读书因为懒。He says he _ a student for his laziness.这次考试失败意味着要再考一次。Failing this exam _ another one.我并不是故意迟到的。I didnt _ be late for school.2. celebrate vt.(1)庆祝；祝贺celebrate Christmas / ones birthday / a victory (成功)(2)赞扬；称颂The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.词语辨析：celebrate, congratulatecelebrate后常接日期,事情或场合congratulate后常接人表示为某事而祝贺某人congratulate sb. on/upon s