人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业 四十 选修8 Unit 5.docx

1、人教版英语高考一轮复习课时提升作业 四十 选修8 Unit 5温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。课时提升作业 四十选修8Unit 5Meeting your ancestors(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AScientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50, 000 years old. The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave s

2、ystem in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron. She spoke about the discovery recent

3、ly at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms a

4、re 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives. The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large relig

5、ious centers built during Europes Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The clothing keeps the crystals safe from human germs (病菌) or other damage. Boston said the researchers could only work for about 20 min

6、utes at a time before they had to go to a room that was 38 degrees Celsius to cool down. NASA officials would not let Boston share her findings with scientific experts before last weeks announcement. So scientists could not say much about the findings. But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the Univers

7、ity of South Florida, said she believed them. “Why are we surprised? ”Noonan asked. “ As a biologist, I would say life on Earth is extremely tough and extremely colorful. ”Boston is also studying microbes commonly found inside caves in other countries, such as Ukraine and the United States. These mi

8、crobes appear to be impossible to kill. Boston said they show how difficult life on Earth can be. 【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现5万岁的“超级生命”, 这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁和锰等矿物质生存。1. The existence of the ancient microbes relies on _. A. surrounding insects B. eating mineralsC. diverse plants D. absorbing air【解析】选B。细节理解题。由

9、第二段最后一句中的says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron. 可知这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁和锰等矿物质生存, 故选B。2. What can we infer about the caves in Naica from the passage? A. The temperature in the caves is quite low. B. The environment in the caves is difficult to adapt to. C. The walls ar

10、e covered by crystals. D. The caves have been explored since they were formed. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第四段后半部分内容可知有晶体覆盖在墙上。洞穴是相当的热, 科学家必须穿特殊的衣服才比较凉爽。衣服还保护晶体免受人类身上的细菌或其他因素的损害。研究人员每次只能工作约20分钟, 然后他们就得到38摄氏度的房间里降温。所以可以推断出洞穴里的环境很难适应。3. What is the biologist Norine Noonans attitude towards the findings? A. Neutral.

11、 B. Doubtful. C. Positive. D. Indifferent. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第五段第三句But Norine Noonan, a biologist with the University of South Florida, said she believed them. 可知NASA官员不会让波士顿在上周的公告之前与科学专家分享她的发现。所以科学家不能公布过多的研究结果。但是, 南佛罗里达大学的生物学家诺丁诺南说她相信他们。故选C。4. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Living organisms bri

12、ng hope to scientific research. B. Caves provide living environment for living organisms. C. Microbes show great power to survive in terrible conditions. D. Scientists discover 50, 000-year-old “super life” in Mexico. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现5万岁的“超级生命”, 这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁和锰等矿物质生存, 故选D。【知识拓展】长难句分析

13、Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50, 000 years old. 翻译: 科学家发现了被困在晶体里面有5万岁的活的微生物。trapped是过去分词作后置定语。分析: that引导的是定语从句。【知识拓展】词汇积累organism n. 有机体; 生物体; 微生物; 有机体系, 有机组织astrobiologyn. 天体生物学, 太空生物学microbe n. 微生物, 细菌BWould you buy a car that released calming smell

14、s into the air when you are stuck in heavy traffic? Would you buy a robot that smells like a human being? Many people have seen the 3D computer-made environments of virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR). Now these virtual worlds will not just look and sound real. Researchers have created VR environments that e

15、ven smell like the real things. With the new technology, users open a virtual door and step into a new environment, like a rainforest. After they enter this virtual world, special equipment releases forest-like smells into the air to make the experience seem more real. Suzanne Fisher Murray said, “I

16、t is a really wonderful experience that you have because youre exploring this environment and you have smells with it. ”In the United States, Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide smells during the showing of a movie. The Smell-O-Vision system was once popular in the 1960s. Now, Emanuela Maggioni s

17、ays it is close to becoming popular again. “The connection with emotions, memories, and . . . the sense of smell, ” Maggioni said. “It is unbelievable what we can do with technology. ”The uses for smell technology are not just limited to films and the performing arts. Researchers showed a computer p

18、rogram where users could imagine themselves driving a car. The system included a special smell-spraying machine. Dmitrijs Dmitrenko said, “We want to deliver the smell of lavender (薫衣草) every time the person drives over the speed limit. We choose lavender because its a very calming smell. ”Scientist

19、s are experimenting with smell instead of sounds or image-based alerts on telecommunications equipment. And businesses are already using smell to influence peoples behavior. “Not only. . . in stores. . . But on the other side, you can create and stimulate (刺激) immediate buying, ” Maggioni said. “So

20、youre in a library and you smell coffee and actually you are unconsciously having the need to drink a coffee. ”【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了气味识别技术新发展引发科学家惊叹。5. Using smell technology, researchers make VR environments_. A. have a smell of a rainforestB. even smell like real onesC. look like a 4D environmentD. impre

21、ss people with a virtual world【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第二段中Researchers have created VR environments that even smell like the real things. 可知使用嗅觉技术, 研究人员使得虚拟现实环境像真正的事物一样去闻, 故选B。6. The example of Smell-O-Vision proves that_. A. America is the first to use smell technologyB. cinemas are the most suitable places f

22、or smell senseC. smell technology has been tried beforeD. it was out of date to use smell-spraying devices【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第四段中In the United States, Smell-O-Vision was designed to provide smells during the showing of a movie. The Smell-O-Vision system was once popular in the 1960s. 可推断出Smell-O-Vision的例

23、子证明嗅觉技术之前已经被尝试, 故选C。7. How is smell technology used by businessmen? A. To make buyers understand salesmen better. B. To remind people of their unrealistic buying. C. To help customers choose their favorite goods. D. To encourage people to buy something suddenly. 【解析】选D。由倒数第一段中And businesses are alre

24、ady using smell to influence peoples behavior. “Not only. . . in stores. . . But on the other side, you can create and stimulate immediate buying, ” Maggioni said. 可知商人利用嗅觉影响人们的行为, 鼓励人们突然买一些东西, 故选D。8. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The developments of smell technology. B. A major breakthro

25、ugh of smell technology. C. The sense of smell in human communication. D. The advanced smell-spraying machines. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲了气味识别技术的新发展引发科学家惊叹, 故选A。【知识拓展】长难句分析We want to deliver the smell of lavender (薫衣草) every time the person drives over the speed limit. 翻译: 每次开车超过限制速度时我们就释放薰衣草的气味。分析: Ever

26、y time 引导的时间状语从句。【知识拓展】词汇积累virtualadj. 实质上的, 事实上的; (计算机)虚拟的; 􀎨物􀎩有效的, 虚像的; (粒子)实际存在的telecommunicationsn. 电讯; 电电通信; 电信, 通讯; 电信学. 语法填空Last week, we visited the world famous Terracotta Army(兵马俑)Museum in Xian. The entire Pit 1 is enclosed within a grand structure, 1. _ protects the sit

27、e from weather. What lay in front of us was the awesome view of terracotta warriors and horses. Each of these figures was handmade, lifelike and having different 2. _ (face) expressions and postures. As we walked down the side, we realized that the entire pit is still not 3. _ (complete) excavated (

28、发掘). Many broken pieces of the terracotta warriors and horses still lay within the pits, 4. _ (wait) to be restored in the future. All the 5. _ (explain) here have proper English translation, so it isnt difficult for international tourists 6. _ (understand) different parts of the pits. 7. _ touring

29、round Pit 1, we went on to Pit 2. Apart from warriors and horses, we can find war carriages and bronze weapons here. Theres 8. _ exhibition showing some of special discoveries. We could see the excavation work is still on-going. Pit 3 is a lot smaller, but the terracotta figures here 9. _ (preserve)

30、much better 10. _ (compare)to Pit 1 and 2, as the pit was not burned. 1. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中先行词a grand structure在从句中作主语, 所以应用which。2. 【解析】facial。考查形容词。形容词作定语修饰名词。3. 【解析】completely。考查副词。修饰动词所以应用副词。4. 【解析】waiting。考查非谓语动词。句子主语与wait是逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用现在分词作状语。5. 【解析】explanations。考查名词。冠词后面跟名词, 作主语, 谓语动词是

31、复数, 所以应用名词复数形式。6. 【解析】to understand。考查非谓语。固定句式It is + adj. + for sb. + to do意为“做某事对于某人来说是”。7. 【解析】After。考查介词。根据句意: 我们参观完Pit 1后参观Pit 2. 8. 【解析】an。考查冠词。exhibition为可数名词, 前面要加冠词。9. 【解析】are preserved。考查时态。根据前面时态可知此处应用一般现在时, 而且是被保存的更好, 所以应用are preserved。10. 【解析】compared。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配compared to意为“与相比较而言”。.

32、 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除: 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。The other day, I was invited my friend Sams home for dinner. I felt a bit surprising when I saw Bill there. It was t