翻译理论与实践教案.docx

1、翻译理论与实践教案襄樊学院外国语学院课程大纲及教案专业名称： 英语专业 课程名称： 翻译理论与实践 主导教材：冯庆华实用翻译教程 (英汉互译) 所属课程团队： 翻 译 团 队 课程负责人： 适用年级： 英语专业本科三年级 翻译理论与实践课程大纲一、课程概况课程名称：翻译课程类别：专业核心课 课程编号：080301z403学 分：2 学 时：36 开课学期： 5、6二、课程教学目标和要求1、教学目标通过本课程教学，使学生掌握初步的翻译理论知识、熟知并能够运用基本的翻译技巧、翻译方法和翻译策略进行英汉互译实践，达到高等学校英语专业教学大纲对其翻译能力的基本要求，译文忠实、通顺。通过该课程学习，学生

2、可胜任未来的中学英语教学并能够在外事、外贸等领域从事翻译工作。2、课程要求本课程为专业核心课程，分为英译汉和汉译英两部分。为达到课程教学的目的，采用讲解练习相结合、课堂陈述和讨论相结合的方式，老师每周布置一定的翻译练习和资料查找任务要求学生按时完成，并积极参与课堂讨论和资源共享。三、教学内容与教学安排1、教学内容要点本课程教学将翻译理论与实践相结合，以实践练习为主，理论讲解为辅，重点是翻译技巧、翻译策略和方法的介绍与翻译练习的讨论和讲解，翻译内容涉及应用文体、小说、诗歌等各类文体、各个领域的文本类型。课程安排按照讲练结合的原则展开，帮助学生有步骤有针对性地训练翻译的基本技能。通过大量的练习和讲

3、评，强化学生对不同文本语体特点和翻译原则的认识，为其将来从事翻译工作或运用英语进行跨文化交际打下坚实的基础。2、教学安排本课程教学依据教学大纲，安排在本科三年级上、下两学期进行，共计68学时，其中36学时为英译汉，32学时为汉译英，每周2学时。教学计划允许授课教师在具体操作中有一定的灵活度，但至少应包含以下3部分的主题内容：1)翻译概述（含翻译的标准、原则、过程、中外翻译简史及翻译名家的主要观点等）；2)翻译技巧讲练（介绍主要的英汉互译技巧，结合学生的练笔进行讲评）；3)多视角的翻译实践与研究（不同领域的翻译实践及其操作原则与技巧，如外来词翻译、报刊标题及新闻翻译、旅游翻译、科技翻译、广告翻译

4、、文化与翻译等；在实践的基础上开始涉猎翻译的前沿理论，提高学生对翻译的理性认识，目的在于训练其解决问题的探索能力，为其将来从事翻译实践或理论研究开辟一个窗口）。四、教材及主要参考资料教材：冯庆华：实用翻译教程(英汉互译) ，上海外语教育出版社，2002年版陈宏薇：新实用汉译英教程，湖北教育出版社，2000年版主要参考资料：Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.Nida, E. A. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 1993.Nida, E

5、. A. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translating. Shanghai: SFLEP, 2001.张培基：英汉翻译教程，上海外语教育出版社1980年版五、作业与考核方式作业：各种文本类型的翻译练习；主要翻译理论和重要翻译概念的资料查找和课堂陈述。考核方式：课程考核以平时作业和期末开卷考试相结合的方式，考核成绩由平时作业成绩（40%）和期末考试卷面成绩（60%）组成。Teaching Plan for Translation (1)#Title of Lesson: A Brief Introduction to Translation Week

6、 1 #Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）#Teaching Objectives：1Help the students achieve a basic understanding of translation: its nature, classification, evaluation criteria, the role of translator, etc.2Briefly introduce to the students the development of translation in China.#Key Teachin

7、g Points：1The nature and evaluation criteria of translation.2The difficulties involved in translating process.#Teaching Contents:I.Discussion:What is translation?What is a successful translation?What difficulties might occur in translating process?A.What is translation?1.Key words:source language(SL

8、) / receptor language / target language(TL); reproduce; message / information; equivalence / correspondence 2.Nature of translation (Eugene A. Nida): Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning

9、and secondly in terms of style.3.Classification of translation:a.Oral interpretation / written translationb.Human translation / machine translationc.Literary / scientific / political / commercial translationd.Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement, alienation)e.Literal transla

10、tion / free translationB.What is a successful translation?1.严复：信、达、雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化4.Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalenceC.What difficulties might occur in translating process?1.Language / Cultural Barrie

11、rsTranslatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the two cultures. Betrayal: Loss / Distortion2.Example analysis:a.东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴。b.纵一苇之所如，凌万顷之茫然c.The whole sky spangled gay twin

12、kling stars, and the Milky Way is as distinct as though it had been washed and rubbed with snow for holiday.整个天空点缀着繁星，快活地眨着眼。天河那么清楚地显现出来，就好像有人在过节以前用雪把它擦洗过似的。d.He made you a highway to my bed; But I, a maid, die maiden-widowed. Romeo and Juliet译文1：他要借你做牵引相思的桥梁 可是我却要做一个独守空闺的怨女而死去。译文2：他本要借你做捷径，登上我的床； 可

13、怜我这处女，活守寡，到死是处女。3.In the long run there is a tendency: translation itself can convert intranslatability into translatability.e.g. crocodiles tears; science / democracyII.The Role of Translator:The craft of translator is deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facs

14、imile and impulses to appropriate recreation. George Steiner译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。A.Metaphors for translator:1.A courier of the human spirits （普希金）2.A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting3.A straitjacketed dancer4.A musician / an actor5.Tradutto

15、ri-traditori (Translators are traitors.)B.Responsibility of translator:1.Competent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge2.Being as transparent as possible3.Being a good negotiatorIII.The Development of Translation in China:翻译史上的三个高峰期：1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘 2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严林康有

16、为）3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书IV.Homework:People will be amazed by her stunning beauty at the first sight. Simple as she is, nature endows her with an inherent attractiveness, which is polished and brought out by sophisticated modern technology and superlative craftsmanship. In this way, innovation

17、 sustains the natures art of creation while ingenuity whets peoples desire. Reference translation:她的美，令人一见惊艳。她原本生来资质俏丽，再加上现代科技的修饰及极品手艺的打造。如此一来，她既有天生的美感，又有人工的魅惑。#Title of Lesson: Contrast between English and Chinese (1) Week 2 #Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）#Teaching objectives：1Intro

18、duce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.2Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.#Key Teaching Points：The difference of language embodies the difference in thinking styles.#Difficult Teaching Points:The embodiment of different syntactic featu

19、res in translating process#Teaching Contents:I.Thinking Style and DictionA.Insubstantial（虚）vs. Substantial（实）1.Embodimente.g. In this new year, we face momentous uncertainties: war (or wars), a weak economy.译：这新的一年里，我们面临着战争（乃至连续的战争）、经济低迷等一系列重大的不确定因素。2.Visualizatione.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声e.g. In 1966

20、the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进了四分之一决赛。B.Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动）Examples:1) Compare the following two sentences and decide which one is better: a) The pop star appeared on the stage, which caused the audience to stand up and applaud. b) The pop stars presence on

21、 the stage brought the audience to their feet in applause.2) Translate the following sentence:They are the employers of managers as much as they are the employers of workpeople. 译：他们不仅雇佣工人也雇佣经理。II.Thinking Style and SyntaxA.Hypotaxis（从属结构）vs. Parataxis（并列结构）e.g. It is a pity, however, that Dr. Thoma

22、s seems not to have learned the real lesson that history offers us namely, that the “great breakthroughs” in any technology are always preceded by a radical change in how we view ourselves, and how we behave. （流水句）译：在任何技术取得“重大突破”之前，我们的行为和对自己的看法都会发生剧变这便是历史给我们的教训。遗憾的是，托马斯大夫似乎并未真正理解这一点。 （竹节句）B.Imperson

23、al vs. Personal1.Inanimate noun (无灵名词) as subjecte.g. Doubts began to creep into peoples minds about the likely success of the project.译：人们渐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。2.Preparatory word: ite.g. It hurts! (“it”: unspecified word 虚义词) 好疼！e.g. It just struck me that I still owe you for the concert tickets.译：我忽然

24、想起还欠你音乐会的门票钱。3.Passive voice (hidden agent/doer)e.g. It is generally believed that Hong Kong will continue to keep its prosperity and stability after its return to China.译：人们普遍认为香港回归后会继续保持繁荣和稳定。C.Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）Examples:1) We could only build one house with these mater

25、ials. 译：这些材料只够我们盖一栋房子。2) I regard it as an honor that I am invited to your wedding.译：被邀请参加您的婚礼，我感到很荣幸。3) Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting.译：他早期绘画的特征是色彩明亮、笔触大胆。III.Homework1.Now that you are in for it, you must carry on.2.Cigarettes were the death of me.3.If the man who

26、was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening does not wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street.4.If you confer a benefit, never remember it; if you receive one, remember it always.5.Her sighs made it clear that she was unhappy.6.They had n

27、o running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life such as gas and electricity.7.Theatre will be reinvented and become much freer and more imaginative.8.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important e

28、lements are missing.9.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.10.It should be noted that he and she were extremely close allies.Reference versions:1.你既然沾上了手，就得干下去。（形象化）2.香烟断送了我的性命。（静动）3.上星期日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。取伞者如不愿卷入纠纷，还是将

29、伞送至布劳德街10号为妙。（流水句竹节句）4.施恩勿记，受恩勿忘。（省略连接词）5.她唉声叹气，这说明她不快乐。（物称人称）6.他们住的地方没有自来水，也没有煤气和电这类生活上的便利设施。（主语主题）7.戏剧将脱胎换骨，变得更自由、更富想象力。（被动主动：受事者动词）8.如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。（被动句泛称句）9.大战结束时，这个组织拯救了800人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。（施事者直接作主语）10.应当指出，他和她是极为密切的盟友。（被动句无主句）#Title of Lesson: Contrast

30、 between English and Chinese (2) Week 3 #Time Needed：Two periods（40 minutes per period）#Teaching Objectives：1Introduce to the students some basic differences between English and Chinese.2Briefly analyze the influence of these differences on translating.#Key Teaching Points：1Lexical differences;2Synt

31、actic differences.#Difficult Teaching Points:The embodiment of different syntactic features in translating process#Teaching Contents:I.Comment on the homeworkII.Lexical DifferencesA.Word meaning1.Exact equivalente.g. the Pacific Ocean; palace (*compare with dragon)2.No equivalente.g. mascon, cosplay a tendency of translatability (e.g. bar, disco)3.Partial equivalenta.Polysemy（一词多义）e.g. aunt, bird, drink, homelye.g. to cut wheat / cake / finger-nailse.g. to have dinner to have a beard to ha