英语语法大全.docx

1、英语语法大全few， a few， many 修饰或指代可数名词，little， a little， much修饰或指代不可数名词。few， little表示否定，a few， a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。二、词汇与语法结构（Vocabulary and Structure）部分1. 测试要点 词汇和语法结构部分主要测试的是应用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。 下面是实考题： Once you enter the society, you are mostly _ your own. (2003) A. in B. on C. of D. to 本题的测试内容是对短语的掌握。

2、按照英语的习惯搭配，上题的答案应该是：B. on。on ones own的意思是“靠自己”。 The condition being _, he may succeed. (2007) A. favorite B. favorable C. favoring D. favored 本题的测试内容是词汇辨析。本题的汉语意思旨在表达“条件如果有利的话他可能会成功。”A. favorite特别喜爱的；B. favorable有利的； C. favoring顺利的；有帮助的；D. favored受到喜爱的。因此，此题的答案应该是：B. favorable。 The chairman as well a

3、s many other people _ present. (2004) A. is B. are C. will D. should 该题的测试内容是英语语法，具体说就是主语一致。根据英语语法的描述，当句子主语部分含有together with/ like/ except/ but/ as well as/ besides/ including/ instead of等引处的短语成分时，句子的谓语动词在单复数的取向上应该由前面的主语决定。因此，此题的答案应该是：A. is。2. 应试策略: 1) 信息判断法在选择题中，有些词是信息词，题目的答案往往与这些信息词直接关联。因此，要学会判断信息

4、词。-Susan, what would you say if we go to see the film tonight?-Thank you, Tonny, but I dont think it is worth _ twice.A. seeing B. see C. to see D. seen解析 全句的意思是“苏珊，我们今晚去看电影怎么样？”“谢谢，托尼，但我想不值得看两次。”本题的测试对象明显是形容词worth的用法。后一般接v-ing形式，因此，是正确答案A. seeing。再如：Not until I began to work _ how much time I had w

5、asted.A. have I realized B. I have realized C. did I realize D. I realized解析 全句的意思是“直到我开始工作，我才意识到自己浪费了很多时间。”根据英语语法，not until放在句首，句子结构应采用倒装。在所给选项中，只有A和C属于倒装结构。由于整个句子讲的是过去的事情，答案只能是C. did I realize。I cannot but _ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.A. to admit B. admitting

6、C. admitted D. admit2) 语法判断法:每一道考试题都是针对一个特定的词/短语/语法项目设计的，目的是测试考生对该词/短语/语法项目的掌握和运用能力。就语法而言，所测试的内容包括对定语从句的掌握，对动词的虚拟语气结构的掌握，对非谓语动词的运用能力等。因此，要在掌握有关语法知识的基础上，对题目进行综合性分析，尽快找出答案。 By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. have found B. will be founding C. will have found

7、 D. are finding解析 全句的意思是“到本月末，我们肯定会对这个问题找到一个满意的解决办”看到这个句子的时间状语部分我们就可以断定，这是一道测试动词时态的题目。按照语法要求，在由表示将来时间的状语修饰的句子里，谓语动词在时态上一般应使用将来完成时。本题答案应是：C. Young people now live a life-style _ their parents could hardly dream of. A. which B. why C. when D. where解析不难看出，本题测试的对象是定语从句的引导词。由其前面的先行词life-style判断，答案应该是：A.

8、which。3) 筛选排除法:这是做选择题时的一个常识性方法。使用此方法时，首先要确定题目所属语法项目或基本句型，然后确定答案的基本范围，把不符合范围要求的选项排除掉。_ a pleasant day, I decided to go out with my wife for a visit to her uncle.A. It being B. Have being C. Being D. What解析如果选择D. What，引入原文似乎构成了一个强调结构的句子，但，若真是如此的话，前句与后句之间不应该是逗号，因为它们是两个各自独立的句子。实际上，本句的前一部分是整个句子的从属成分，相当于一

9、个状语从句。我们知道，分词短语作状语时，分词短语以句子主语为逻辑主语，显然，“I”不可能与“B和 C.构成搭配。所以，选AIt being a pleasant day属于独立结构，其中It是being a pleasant day的逻辑主语，在整个句子中作状语。It occurred to her that she might _ a homeless child. A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. admit (2007)4) 平行关系法:英语句子常常包含两个或两个以上的平行结构，以使表达更加清晰，更加有节奏感。词汇和语法结构部分的测试题中有时会涉及到对平行结构

10、的掌握。 I like watching TV _ to the cinema. A. more than to go B. more than going C.than going D.rather than to go 解析根据前后语意，这是一个带副词比较级的句子。就所给选项来看，B.最合题义。 Persons height is measured _ rather than in yards. A. by foot B. on foot C. in feet D.with feet解析rather than的意思是“而是”，用于事物的对比，要求前后词的词类，或前后短语的结构一致。由于ra

11、ther than后面出现的是in yards，此题的答案是：C. in feet。5) 句型分析法:英语句子往往有固定的句型，每个句型对句子中的词类、时态、语态等都有一些基本要求。比如，感叹句多以what/how开头，否定词出现在句首时往往引出倒装结构等。在做题时，我们应考虑到这些基本要求，从而按照这些要求找出对应的答案。Hardly _ at the office when the telephone rang. A. I arrived B. I had arrived C. did I arrive D. had I arrived 解析本句以否定词开始，使用固定结构hardly wh

12、en。根据英语句法结构的要求，本句应该使用倒装结构。所给选项中，只有C和D两项属于倒装结构，结合本句的含义（电话铃响起来之前我几乎还没到办公室），D. d为正确答案。I hope _ my letter.A. her to answer B. that she should answerC. that she will answer D. her answering解析hope主要用于三种句型：（1）to hope that.如： I hope he come tomorrow.（2）to hope to do something.如： I hope to go to college next

13、 year.（3）to hope for something.如:I hope for a big roder from your company.因此，本题答案是：C. If I found the book, I _ it to you. A. bring B. would have brought C. would bring D. might have brought (2007)*考点之一：主谓一致主谓一致是指:1） 语法形式上一致，即主语的单复数形式与谓语的动词形式要保持一致。例： Most leaders were well-educated. 大多数领导都受过良好的教育The

14、room was kept clean and tidy. 房间保持得很整洁。He always turns up just when you least expect him.他总是在你意料不到的时候出现。2） 意义上一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。例：Ten dollars is spent on this rose. 这枝玫瑰花了十美元。(把ten dollars看成一个整体) Physics is one of my favorite subject. 物理是我最喜爱的课程之一（Physics只是一门课详述如下：1.以单数名词、单数代词、抽象名词、表示学科的名词、m

15、any a和more than one修饰的名词、动词不定式（短语）、-ing形式（短语）和从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。 例： His ambition is to ba a musician. 他的志向是成为一名音乐家。The suggestion raised by the professors is of great importance.教授们提出的建议很重要。Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 学习外语时大声朗读是非常重要的。How they got there doesnt conce

16、rn me. 他们这样到达那儿与我无关。2.主语是单数，后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as,besides, including, instead of, like, more than, rather than, accompanied by, along with, in addition to等词引起的短语时，谓语动词用单数。 例： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.这个老师正带着几位学生参观工

17、厂。Professor Rogers, as well as his students, is arriving tonight. 罗杰斯教授和他的学生今晚到达。3.并列结构指同一个人或事物作主语时谓语动词用单数。当主语由and连结，表示单一的概念，指同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数。此种情况下，and连接的两个词前面只有一个冠词。例： The poet and architect is my schoolmate. 那位诗人兼建筑师是我的校友。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活非常重要。4.

18、不定代词和由不定代词构成的复合代词后面跟of加复数名词构成句子主语时，谓语动词用单数能这样使用的主要有不定代词one, every one, each one, anyone, each, either, neither，以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词。例：Each of us has an Mp5.Neither of the girls likes English. 这两个女孩都不喜欢5.在含有定语从句的的句子中，当先行词是代词one+of+复数名词结构，前面有only修饰时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单。例：Hes the only one of the bo

19、ys who has learnt French for five years.This is one of the books which are worth reading.6.表示金钱、时间、价格、度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常可以把这些主语看作一个整体，谓语动词用单。例：Twenty miles is a long distance if you have to walk. 如果你走路的话，20英里是一段很长的距离。Fifty-seven dollars is too much to pay for that shirt. 那件衬衫要付57美元实在是太多了。7. 就近原则：当eithe

20、r or，neither nor 或not only.but also连接主语的两个部分时，或者句子由here/there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持单复数一。例：Either you or she is to go. 要么你要么她去一下。 Neither John nor his friends are going to the beach today. 约翰和他的朋友今天都不打算去海边。Not only the boss but also his employees object to the change.不仅老板而且他的雇员都反对这种变化。Here is a t

21、able and four chairs. 这里有一张桌子和四把椅子。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔、一把小刀，还有几本书。8. 与后接名词或代词保持一致。用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引出主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致 。 例：Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大多数学生都积极参加体育运动。The rest of the lecture is du

22、ll. 讲座的后半部分非常枯燥。The rest of the books are on sale today. 剩余的书今天打折卖。*考点之二：非谓语动词to do形式用法1.作主语：to do形式作主语时可以用it替代，这时it出现在主语的位置被称为形式主语，to do形式被放在谓语动词之后，被称为真正的主语。to do形式的逻辑主语通常由for引出来，但是，在表示品性的形容词后面往往用of。 例： Its wise of him to do the thing that way. 他那样做是明智的。 Its enough for her to have ten dollars. 十美元对

23、她来说足够了。To make a decision without knowing all the facts is difficult.不了解全部情况而作决定是困难的。How to get enough capital is still a question.怎样获得足够的资本依然是个问题。2作表语：to do形式作表语时系动词只是形式上的谓语，真正起谓语作用的是to do形式。例：The important thing is to save lives. 救人要紧。 The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.

24、 邮递员的任务就是投递信与报纸。3. 作宾语：常用不定式作宾语的动词有：ask, agree, dare, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, promise, refuse, want, wish, attempt, plan等。 例：They decided to start at once. 他们决定立即出发。 She offered to help me . 她主动提出帮我。在遇到“谓语动词+to do+形容词或名词短语”结构时，常以it为形式宾语，代替to do+形容词，而把to do放在作宾语补语的形容词或名词短语之后。例：Som

25、e students think it difficult to learn English well.许多学生认为学好英语很难。 He feels it his duty to help others. 他认为帮助别人是自己的责任。4作定语：to do形式作定语时应位于其所修饰的名词或代词之后。例：The next train to arrive was from New York.下列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。I has nothing to say on this question. 在这个问题上，我没有什么要说的了。5作宾补：有些谓语动词要求后用作宾补的动词用原型动词，即不带to的to

26、 do形式。这种动词有两类：1）是与感觉有关，如：feel, see, hear ,watch, notice, look at, listen to, ect.例：I saw him come. 我看见他来了。I heard her sing. 我听见她唱歌了。2）是表示使役的动词，如：make,let,have, etc.例：They made the boy go to bed early. 他们强迫那个男孩早睡。 Let him do it. 让他做吧。注意： 上述两类动词转换为被动结构时，其后的不定式一般须加to。例：He was seen to come。They boy was

27、made to go to bed early.6作状语：to do形式作状语主要用于表示目的、结果、原因。例： He decided to work hard in order (so as) to catch up with the others. 为了赶上别人他决定努力工作。The tea is too hot to drink. 茶太烫，不能喝。The house is so high and narrow as to look like a tower. 这房子又高又狭，看起来像一座塔。The hall is big enough to hold 1000 people. 这个大厅大

28、的足以容纳1000人。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。 I remembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。 She wept to see him in such a terrible state. 她看到他可怕的样子就哭了。-ing形式的用法主动语态被动语态一般式doingBeing done完成式Having doneHaving beening done1作主语。例：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 Saving is having. 节约即

29、是收入。在一些结构中，常用it作形式主语，将真实主语动名词放在句末。Its no use/no good/fun/useless/nice/good/interesting+v.-ing.例： Its no good asking him to come now. 现在叫他来不明智。 Its useless speaking. 光说没用。Its so nice sitting here with you. 和你坐在一起真是愉快。2作表语：例： The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。3. 作宾语：常用-ing形式作宾语的动词有a

30、llow, advice,suggest, delay, deny, risk, postpone, imagine, admit, escape, fancy, avoid, practise, finish, appreciate, consider, enjoy, mind, miss, 短语有be used to(习惯于），cant help(情不自禁做），devote to（把-奉献给），feel like（想要），give up（放弃），insist on/stick to （坚持），object to（反对），look forward to（盼望）。例： Im looking f

31、orward to hearing from you. 我一直盼着你的信。 You didnt watch TV until you finished doing work.直到你做完作业，才能看电视。He is considering asking his employer for a rise. 他在考虑要求老板给他加薪。I enjoy seeing you and talking about old times. 我很乐意见到你，与你聊过去的岁月。The joke doesnt bear repeating. 这个笑话不宜重复。This shirt needs washing. 这件衬衣

32、该洗了。Such a vegetable doesnt require soaking before cooking. 这种菜在烹调前不用泡。The plants want watering daily. 这样的植物需要每天浇一次水。4作定语：-ing形式作定语表示所修饰名词的动作，有主动和进行的意思。单个-ing形式作定语时放在所修饰名词的前面，如果是-ing形式短语，则放在所修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。例： a sleeping baby 睡着的婴儿 smiling faces 微笑的面容 He asked an embarrassing question. 他问了个另人尴尬的问题。做定语的现在分词短语