1、高考英语大一轮写作技能培优课件+讲义第二章基础句式第三节润色添彩的复合句第三节润色添彩的复合句第1讲名词性从句名词性从句是写作中常用的高级表达。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一、名词性从句的连接词1从属连词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用,不作句子成分,主要包括that,if/whether。(1)(2018北京卷)Ibelievethatyouwillhavearewardingexperiencethere.我相信你们在这会有非常好的经历。(2)(2018全国卷)Ihopethesesuggestionswouldbehelpfultoyou.我希
2、望这些建议对你有帮助。(3)(2015北京)Iwonderifyoudliketogowithme.我想知道你是否想和我一起去。2连接代词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用,并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语,主要包括who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whoever,whichever。 (1)(2018天津卷)IWhatIwanttostressisthatourgroupislookingfornewmembersrightnow.我要强调的是我们队马上就寻找新队员。(2)(2017北京卷)Wedebatedoverwhatwesh
3、ouldputintothevideo.关于视频中应该放什么,我们进行了争论。3连接副词引导的名词性从句名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语,主要包括how,when,why,where,however,whenever,wherever。(1)(2017北京卷)ThatswhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzewillbeabetterchoice.那就是我认为沿着长江旅行会是更好的选择的原因。(2)Topracticeasmuchaspossibleiswherethesecretlies.尽可能多地练习就是秘密所在。活学巧练用适当的连接词填空1
4、Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchafoolishmistake.2Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoitalone.3WhatIknowisthathecantdoit.4Thatiswhyhedidntpasstheexam.5Itlooksas_if/thoughthestormiscoming.6Thequestionwhoshoulddothejobrequiresconsideration.二、名词性从句的常用句型1Iwonderwhether/if.我想知道是否Iamwonderingifyoucouldtellmemoreabo
5、utthisactivity.我想知道你是否能告诉我有关活动的更多信息。2Ivelearnedfromthenewspaper/the post/theInternetthat.我从报纸上/帖子上/网络上得知(2015四川卷)ThisisLiXia.IvelearnedfromyourpostthatyouwanttoimproveyourMandarin.我是李夏,我从你的帖子上了解到你想要提高你的普通话水平。3Imsorrytosaythat.遗憾地说(2016全国卷)ImsorrytosaythatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafterno
6、on.很遗憾地说周五下午我不能和你一起去书店了。4Idohopethat.我确实希望(2015四川卷)Bytheway,IdohopethatyoucanhelpmeimprovemyEnglishwritingability.顺便说一下,我确实希望你能帮助我提高英语写作能力。5Iamawarethat.我知道Asamemberofthesociety,Iamawarethatbeingresponsibleiswhatittakestomakeabettersociety.作为社会中的一员,我知道责任感是使社会更美好所需要的东西。6That/This/Itiswhy/because.那/这就
7、是为什么/因为ThatswhyImwritingtoyoutovoicemyopinion.那就是我写信给你发表观点的原因。7Thereasonwhy.isthat.的原因是Thereasonwhyshefailedtheexamwasthatshegotuplatethatmorning.她考试失败的原因是那天早上她起晚了。8Itisimportant/necessary/strange.that.重要的/必要的/奇怪的是However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.然而,重要的是,我们决不应丧失继续努力的热情
8、。9Whatimpresses/surprises/shocks.sb.mostisthat.最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是Inaddition,whatmayinterestyoumostisthatIamreallynervousandupsetwhentakingtheexam.另外,可能最使你感兴趣的是,考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。10Iholdtheviewthat.我持观点/我认为Istronglyholdtheviewthatweshoulddoourbesttoprotecttheenvironment.我强烈认为我们应该尽全力保护环境。11Itis/was no surpri
9、se/wonderthat.不足为怪Sheishardworking,soitisnosurprise/wonderthatshehaswonthefirstprize.她学习很刻苦,所以她获得一等奖就不足为怪了。12Wordcamethat.消息传来说Wordcamethatthenewmayorwouldcometoourschoolsoon.有消息说,新任市长很快要来我们学校。13(2017全国卷)Iwouldappreciateitif.如果我将不胜感激Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplytomeatyourearliestconvenience.如果你能
10、尽早给我回复,我将不胜感激。活学巧练翻译下列句子1他是否要来还未知道。Whether_he_will_come_or_not_is_unknown.2也许是因为我昨天晚上没睡好。ItmaybebecauseIdidnthaveagoodsleeplastnight.3我想知道他发生了什么事。I_wonder_what_has_happened_to_him.4地球是圆的这种看法并不新鲜。The_idea_that_the_earth_is_round_is_not_a_new_one.5我不知道他什么时候回来。I_have_no_idea_when_he_will_be_back.三、名词性从
11、句的写法名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”。第一步:写出两个简单句。(1)Ourheadmastersaidalotatthegraduationceremony.(2)Hiswordswereveryexcitingandinteresting.第二步:根据句意选择一个简单句作从句,需要注意和另一个句子的关联性。让句(1)作主语从句,可以转换为“校长在毕业典礼上说的话”,即whatourheadmastersaidatthegraduationceremony。第三步:把两个句子合并为复合句,需要特别注意此时连接词的选择和从句的语序。把句(1)转换的主语从句和句(2)连在一起。Whatour
12、headmastersaidatthegraduationceremonywasveryexcitingandinteresting.活学巧练按要求把下列句子转换成名词性从句1Itdisappointedeverybodythathedidntturnup.(转换为同位语从句)Thefactthat_he_didnt_turn_updisappointedeverybody.2Tohissurprise,thelittlegirlknowssomanythings.(转换为主语从句)What_surprises_himisthatthelittlegirlknowssomanythings.3
13、Wefinditnecessarytohelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.(转换为主语从句)Itisnecessarythat_we_help_others_when_they_are_in_trouble.4Winteriscolderthansummer.Doyouknowthereason?(转换为宾语从句)Doyouknowwhy_winter_is_colder_than_summer?5Wehavedifferentopinionsonthismatter.(转换为表语从句)Thisiswherewedifferonthismatter.四、在写作中使用名
14、词性从句时需要注意的问题1用that还是用what(1)他驾照考试失败使得他妻子很生气。(误)Whathefailedthedrivingtestmadehiswifeangry.(正)Thathefailedthedrivingtestmadehiswifeangry.(2)孩子们需要的是新鲜的水和食物。(误)Thatthechildrenneedaresomefreshwaterandfood.(正)Whatthechildrenneedaresomefreshwaterandfood.2用if还是用whether(1)我在考虑是否应该和父母谈一谈。(误)Iamthinkingabouti
15、fIshouldhaveatalkwithmyparents.(正)IamthinkingaboutwhetherIshouldhaveatalkwithmyparents.(2)问题是我们是否能够说服她改变主意。(误)Thequestionisifwecanpersuadehertochangehermind.(正)Thequestioniswhetherwecanpersuadehertochangehermind.(3)我们是否举行运动会还没有决定。(误)Ifwewillhaveasportsmeetingisntdecided.(正)Whetherwewillhaveasportsme
16、etingisntdecided.3用wh还是用whever谁违反法律都会受到惩罚的。(误)Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.(正)Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.4that是否省略每个人都知道发生的事情,也知道她很担心。(误)Everyoneknewwhathappenedandshewasworried.(正)Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.巩固演练.用名词性从句完成句子1真遗憾,我们的女足又输了。It_is_a_great_pity_that_our_womens_fo
17、otball_team_lost_the_match_again.2问题是我们能不能在车站找到彼此。The_problem_is_whether_we_can_find_each_other_at_the_stop.3他们在课堂上打架,真不光彩。Its_a_shame_that_they_fought_with_each_other_in_class.4法国受到恐怖分子袭击的消息很快传遍了整个世界。The_news_that_France_was_attacked_by_terrorists_soon_spread_to_the_whole_world.5据说他已经去国外深造了。(it作形式主
18、语)It_is_said_that_he_has_gone_abroad_for_further_education.根据以下内容要点写一篇100词左右的短文,尽量多地使用名词性从句假定你是中国高中生李华,今年暑假期间将去澳大利亚悉尼南部Kogarah的一所综合性学校KogarahHighSchool学习一个月,并将寄宿在当地的居民Silvia家中。请给Silvia写一封电子邮件,询问一些将在Kogarah生活的情况。具体询问内容如下:1住宿是否可以有单间;2.房间里是否有网络;3.是否可以自己煮饭;4.是否有便利的交通。注意:1.词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3开头语和结
19、束语已为你写好。DearSilvia,GreetingsfromChina!IamLiHua,ahighschoolstudentinChina._Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua参考范文Dear_Silvia,Greetings_from_China!_I_am_Li_Hua,a_high_school_student_in_China.During_the_summer_vacation,I_will_study_in_Kogarah_High_School_for_a_month.How_happy_I_am_to_learn_
20、that_your_family_will_be_my_host_family!Id_like_to_know_more_about_my_stay_in_Kogarah.First,may_I_have_my_own_room?And_it_would_be_great_if_I_could_have_access_to_the_Internet_in_my_room.Im_wondering_if_I_could_cook_some_simple_Chinese_dishes_just_in_case_Im_not_used_to_Australian_food.Besides,Id_li
21、ke_to_know_if_there_is_a_bus_between_your_home_and_the_school.Looking_forward_to_your_reply.Yourssincerely,Li_Hua第2讲定语从句定语从句的正确使用体现学生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力,在写作中使用一到两个定语从句可以提升文章的档次。一、写作中定语从句的常见类型1关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是常见。(1)(2018全国卷)Tobeginwit
22、h,anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup,whichhasbecomethenewlandmarkinourschool.首先,一个新的体育馆将建立起来,这将是我们学校的一个新的地标性建筑。 (2)(2017天津卷)Ihavealreadybeenavolunteerforthe13thNationalGameswhichwillbeheldattheendofAugustinTianjin.我已经是八月底将在天津举行的第十三届全运会的志愿者了。 (3)(2016全国卷)Anystudentwhoisinterestediswelcometoparticipate.欢迎任何感兴趣
23、的同学参加。2关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。(1)Ithinkthereasonwhyyouarealwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.我认为你总是发脾气的原因可能是学习上的巨大压力。(2)Duringholidayseasons,Iwillliveinthecountryside,whereairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.在假期,我会住在乡下,那里空气新鲜而且人们友好。3“介词which/whom”引导的定语从句(1)Thetwothingsaboutwhich
24、KarlMarxwasntsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.卡尔马克思不确定的两样东西是语法和习语。 (2)(2017全国卷)ItssaidthatalargenumberofpapercutworksbyexpertsthroughoutChinawillbeonshow,someofwhicharemadebyfamousartists.据说出自全国各地的专家之手的大量剪纸作品会被展出,其中一些是著名艺术家的作品。(3)(2017北京卷)Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,duringwhichweinterview
25、edourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.收集材料花费了我们一周的时间,在那期间我们采访了老师,对学校生活的每个方面拍了照片。活学巧练用定语从句翻译下列句子1这是一年前和我一块工作的那个人。This_is_the_man_who_worked_with_me_a_year_ago.2正在和我们老师谈话的那个人是谁?Who_is_the_man_that_is_talking_with_our_teacher?3想一个我们能去吃饭的地方。Think_of_a_place_where_we_can_go_for_dinner.4我不
26、知道他离开这里的原因。I_dont_know_the_reason_why_he_left_here.5他认识的那些老师对他都很好。Such_teachers_as_he_knows_are_all_kind_to_him.6我仍然记得我第一次来北京的那一天。I_still_remember_the_day_when_I_first_came_to_Beijing.7没有人要这个屋顶已坍塌的房子。Nobody_wants_the_house_whose_roof_has_fallen.8他考试没及格,这使他的父亲很生气。He_failed_the_exam,which_made_his_fat
27、her_very_angry.二、定语从句的常见句型1Asweallknow./Asisknowntousall.众所周知Asweallknow,ourearthhasbeenpollutedheavilysofar.众所周知,目前我们的地球已经被严重污染了。2Astheoldsayinggoes.常言道Astheoldsayinggoes,“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”常言道,“入乡随俗。”3such.as.像这样的;诸如此类的Heissuchakindteacheraswealllike.他是那么和蔼的老师,所以我们都喜欢他。4thesame.as./thesa
28、meas.像一样的Hermannertowardshimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.她对他的方式与以前完全一样。5oneofthe复数名词定语从句中的一个Hersisterisoneofthestudentswhoareadmittedintothefamousuniversity.她妹妹是考入这所著名大学的学生之一。6theonlyoneofthe复数名词定语从句中唯一的一个MrWangwastheonlyoneoftheteachersthatwasinvitedtoHongKong.王先生是这些教师中唯一被邀请去香港的。活学巧练1众所周知,在我们学校
29、作弊是要受到惩罚的。As_we_all_know/As_is_known_to_us_all,ifwecheatinourschool,wewillbepunished.2她是那么幽默的一个女孩,我们都喜欢和她在一起。Sheissuch_a_humorous_girl_aswealllikestayingwith.3李萍是我们班刻苦学习的学生之一。LiPingisoneofthestudentswho_are_working_hard_in_our_class.三、定语从句的写法定语从句在写作时可采用“三步法”。第一步:写出两个简单句。(1)Thescientistwillpayavisitt
30、oourschoolnextweek.(2)Thescientistisveryintelligentandmodest.第二步:在一个简单句中找出一个要被修饰的词汇,这个词汇在两个简单句中都要有。根据句意在第一个句子中找出要被修饰的词汇:thescientist。第三步:用第二个简单句充当定语从句,要注意关系词的选择。把第一个句子改为含有定语从句的复合句,thescientist作为先行词,指人,在从句中作主语,所以关系词可以是that或who。Thescientistwho/thatisveryintelligentandmodestwillpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.活学巧练用定语从句连接下列每组简单句1Thegirlisspokenhighlyof.Hercompositionwaswell
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