BOLDFACE.docx

1、BOLDFACEGWD-1-Q3: BoldfaceA product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest

2、price the market will bear when they have such a product. But large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew products capabilities. Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possibl

3、e price.In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?A. The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument.B. The first is a consideration rais

4、ed to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy.C. The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption.

5、D. The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration.E. The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to e

6、xplain the appeal of that strategy.D*BGWD-1-Q22: BoldfaceCity Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admiss

7、ion to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are mot receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays

8、 in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.In the city officials argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?A. The first states the conclusion of the city officials argument; the second provides support for

9、 that conclusion.B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city officials argument; the second states that conclusion.C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city officials argument opposes.D. The first was used t

10、o support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city officials argument.E. The first states the position that the city officials argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city officials argument.EGWD-2-Q21: BoldfaceEnvironment

11、al organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilderness Area from residential development. They plan to do this by purchasing that land from the farmers who own it. That plan is ill-conceived: if the farmers did sell their land, they would sell it to the highest bidder, and de

12、velopers would outbid any other bidders. On the other hand, these farmers will never actually sell any of the land, provided that farming it remains viable. But farming will not remain viable if the farms are left unmodernized, and most of the farmers lack the financial resources modernization requi

13、res. And that is exactly why a more sensible preservation strategy would be to assist the farmers to modernize their farms to the extent needed to maintain viability.In the argument as a whole, the two boldface proportions play which of the following roles?A. The first presents a goal that the argum

14、ent rejects as ill-conceived; the second is evidence that is presented as grounds for that rejection.B. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes cannot be attained; the second is a reason offered in support of that conclusion.C. The first presents a goal that the argument concludes can

15、be attained; the second is a judgment disputing that conclusion.D. The first presents a goal, strategies for achieving which are being evaluated in the argument; the second is a judgment providing a basis for the arguments advocacy of a particular strategy.E. The first presents a goal that the argum

16、ent endorses; the second presents a situation that the argument contends must be changed if that goal is to be met in the foreseeable future.GWD-3-Q2: BoldfaceHunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forests deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly, black be

17、ars have also played an important role in this decline. In the past ten years, the forests protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.In the hunters ar

18、gument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain. E.

19、It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.AGWD-3-Q16: BoldfaceEconomist: Tropicorp, which constantly seeks profitable investment opportunities, has been buying and clearing sections of tropical forest for cattle ranching, although pastures newly created there become usel

20、ess for grazing after just a few years. The company has not gone into rubber tapping, even though greater profits can be made from rubber tapping, which leaves the forest intact. Thus, some environmentalists conclude that Tropicorp has not acted wholly out of economic self-interest. However, these e

21、nvironmentalists are probably wrong. The initial investment required for a successful rubber-tapping operation is larger than that needed for a cattle ranch. Furthermore, there is a shortage of workers employable in rubber-tapping operations, and finally, taxes are higher on profits from rubber tapp

22、ing than on profits from cattle ranching.In the economists argument, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?A. The first supports the conclusion of the economists argument; the second calls that conclusion into question.B. The first states the conclusion of the economists argum

23、ent; the second supports that conclusion.C. The first supports the environmentalists conclusion; the second states that conclusion.D. The first states the environmentalists conclusion; the second states the conclusion of the economists argument.E. Each supports the conclusion of the economists argum

24、ent.C GWD-5-Q19: BoldfaceHistorian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. 前提事实 Village census records for the last half of the 1600s are remarkably complete. 前提事实 This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years

25、, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. 证据 This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever

26、 the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a villages population from government census takers would have been easy. 推断Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happ

27、en.结论立场In the historians argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?A. The first supplies a context for the historians argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.B. The first presen

28、ts evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.C. The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is th

29、at position.D. The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.E. The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that as

30、sumption into question.CGWD-5-Q20: BoldfaceScientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. 观点1 However, studies show that a disproportionately large number of the scie

31、ntists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their field at an older age than is usual. 证据 Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies finding strongly suggests that the real reason why

32、 scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged but rather that they generally have spent too long in a given field. 结论In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?A. The first is the position that the argument as a whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument.B. The first is a claim that has been advanced in support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a finding that has been used in supp