21世纪大学英语第一册课后翻译答案必备学习.docx

1、21世纪大学英语第一册课后翻译答案必备学习美式论文、报告写作技巧 编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文（含毕业论文）等。研究生presentation 及 seminar 的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。 美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的

2、优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。 通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries)，本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下： (一) 篇首： 封面(Title) 序言(Preface) 谢词(Acknowledge) 提要(Summary) 目录(Tables and Appendixes) (二) 本文： 引言(Introduction) 主体，含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节

3、(Section) 、以及注释 (Footnotes) (三)参考资料： 参考书目(References or Bibliography) 附录资料(Appendix)。 进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者： 一.研究的方向 二.研究的范围 三.资料搜集的范围 四.预期研究成果 通常在确定题目之後就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或 Proposal 的先前步骤， 大纲是论文、报告的骨干， Proposal 是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Pro

4、posal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如 Seminar 式的报告。 就算是小报告，也至少应含 (一)TITLE PAGES ：包含主题名称、作者、日期 (二)Summary： 即主要的结论 (三)Introduction：包

5、括理论背景及内容 (四)Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为 几个片断。 (五)Conclusions：即扼要的结论 (六)Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在 此项 美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS，统计分析软体如SAS，也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for Window、Powerpoint、Excel便成了颇受欢迎

6、的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。 论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说(Presentation)，用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文囗试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。Unit 11. 汤姆是个非常好奇的男孩，他不仅对“是什么”感兴趣，而且也对“为什么”和“怎么会”感兴趣。As a very curious boy, Tom is interested not only i

7、n whats but also in whys and hows.2. 据史密斯教授说，幸福就是你能充分利用你所有的一切。Happiness, according to Prof. Smith, is the ability to make the most of what you have.3. 你最好把这本书放在你15岁儿子找不到的地方。Youd better keep the book where your 15-year-old son cant get his hands on it.4. 这故事非常滑稽，比尔一边读一边不停地笑。The story was so funny tha

8、t Bill kept laughing all the time while reading it.5. 成绩优秀的学生未必比他们得分较低的同学在学习上花费更多的时间。High-achieving students do not necessarily put in more time on their studies than their lower-scoring classmates.6. 你是怎样设法说服这些学生修读快速阅读课的？How did you manage to persuade these students to take the speed-reading course

9、?7. 用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。Working hard is important, but knowing how to make the most of ones abilities counts for much more.8. 她要求学生独立思考，而不是告诉他们该思考什么。She asked her students to think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.Unit 2l. 在谈及美国英语和英国英语的差别时，他说：“美国和英国毕竟是两个不同的国家。”Referring t

10、o the differences between American English and British English, he said, “The United States and Britain are, after all, two different countries.”2. 史密斯教授鼓励他的学生独立思考。他常说：“即使你们对我提出质疑或者完全不同意我的看法，我也同样高兴。”Prof. Smith encourages his students to think for themselves. “I am just as happy,” he often says, “ev

11、en if you challenge me or completely disagree with me.”3. 我们请他参加我们关于流行音乐的谈话，但他一参加进来就引入一个新的话题，谈起了上周的NBA决赛。We called on him to take part in our conversation about pop music, but as soon as he joined in, he introduced a new topic and referred to the NBA finals of the previous week.4. 司机应对这次事故负责。他的车撞倒了一

12、棵树和一个骑车的人。The driver is responsible for this accident. His car knocked down a tree and a man on his bike.5. 自我们的收音机停止生产后，我们已转产移动电话。Since our production of radios came to a halt, we have switched to the production of mobile phones.6. 我们最初的计划是在北京浏览长城、故宫、颐和园等著名景点。Our original plan was to see such famou

13、s sights as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum and the Summer Palace in Beijing.7. 学好一门外语绝非易事。尽管我已学了几年英语，我仍然不能有效地用这种语言表达思想。Its no simple/easy matter to learn a foreign language well. Even though I have learned English for a few years, I still cant express myself effectively in the language.8. 我希望你不仅仅

14、是同意或不同意我的想法，我需要你给我提忠告、出主意等。I dont want you to simply to agree or disagree with me. I need someone who can give me good advice, ideas, and so on.Unit 31. 据我所知，他们必须做的只是来见他们抚养的孩子，并填写一份表格。As far as I know, all they have to do is to come and see the child they want to bring up and fill up a form.2. 随着他对世

15、事的了解越来越多，他终于厌倦了对名利的追求。As he learned more and more about the world, he finally got tired of going after fame and wealth.3. 小女孩的歌声给老人带来了欢乐，帮助他忍受住种种生活的艰辛。The little girls songs brought sunshine to the old man and helped him bear the hardships of life.4. 人们纷纷前来向他们祝贺又一座黄浦江大桥的胜利建成。People came one after an

16、other to congratulate them on the successful building of another big bridge over the Huangpu River.5. 这个10岁的男孩小提琴拉得如此娴熟，在场的人都惊叹不已。All the people present were amazed that the 10-year-old boy was playing the violin so skillfully.6. 车祸之后，史蒂威重新评价了自己的人生目标，决定更多地注意外部世界。After the car accident, Stevie reeval

17、uated his goals in life and decided to pay more attention to the world outside.7. 母亲即使做梦也没想到她的儿子会成为一名世界著名的钢琴家。Even in her wildest dreams, Mother could never have imagined that her son would become a world-famous pianist.8. 当听到他们的老师已摆脱了死亡的阴影时，学生们都大声欢呼起来。The students broke into loud cheers when they h

18、eard that their teacher had fought back from the shadow of death.Unit 41. 虽然祖母体弱多病，她却承担起了家里的所有家务。Sickly and weak as Grandma is, she has taken on all the housework in the family.2. 唱片公司从未对任何歌手这样满意过。对他们来说，史蒂威旺达确实是个难得的人才。The recording company had never been so pleased with any singer. For them, Stevie

19、Wonder was a real find.3. 他们住的地方没有自来水，也没有煤气和电这类生活上的便利设备。They had no running water where they lived. Nor did they have any conveniences of life such as gas and electricity.4. 6年过去了，接着7年、8年过去了，那位法国艺术家仍杳无音讯。看来他肯定已离开这个国家去了唯有上帝知道的什么地方。Six years passed, then seven and eight, and nothing was heard of that

20、French artist. It seemed certain that he had left the country for only God knows where.5. 那年夏天他病得很厉害，但秋天他刚感到好些了，便又重新开始写作，并在两个月内完成了他的最后一部小说。He was very ill that summer, but as soon as he felt better in the fall, he resumed his writing and finished his last novel in two months.6. 在坚强意志的推动下，亚历克斯终于完成了他所

21、承担的任务。Driven by a strong will, Alex finally fulfilled the task he had undertaken.7. 在医生和护士们的帮助下，那位病人恢复得很快，几星期后便再一次站起来了。With the help of the doctor and the nurses, the patient recovered quickly and in a few weeks was able to stand on his feet once more.8. 望着老人那张满是皱纹的脸真叫人难过，因为它说明了老人一辈子所经历的一切。It was re

22、ally sad to watch the old mans wrinkled face, which spoke of all that he had borne/endured in his life.Unit 5l. 他们是玛丽的儿子罗伯特和劳伦斯，一个起的是她父亲的名字，另一个是她祖父的名字。They are Marys sons Robert and Lawrence. One is named after her father, the other is named after her grandfather.2. 他已有的一切还不满足。他从来不懂“知足常乐”，真遗憾。He is

23、not content with what he has already got. What a pity he never understands that happiness lies in contentment.3. 她参与课堂活动非常积极。我相信她将来可以成为一名好教师。She is very active in classroom activities. I am sure that she will make a good teacher.4. 你也许有不同看法，但我不喜欢劝酒，尤其是在宴会上更是如此。You may have different opinions about i

24、t, but I hate the idea of urging people to drink, especially at a dinner party.5. 我们准备在一些枝节问题上对他们作些让步，但决不在重大的原则问题上与他们妥协。We are prepared to give way a little to them on minor problems, but we will never compromise with them on major questions of principle.6. 整整一年中罗伯特通常得不到多少运动，而他的妻子玛丽却大部分时间一直站着。这就是为什么

25、他们不可能或至少很难找到一个喜欢的地方去休假的原因。Robert didnt usually get much exercise during the year, while his wife Mary was on her feet most of the time. That was why it was impossible or difficult at least, for them to choose a place they both liked for their holiday.7. 戴维是个自视甚高的青年作家。他认为他的写作风格是独特的、高雅的。但遗憾的是，情况并非如此。D

26、avid is a young writer with a high opinion of himself. He thinks that his writing style is unique and refined. But unfortunately, that is not the case. 8. 我想说的只是，作为个人我们享有很多不同的权利，但却无权做任何对社会有害的事。All I want to say is that as individuals we enjoy many different rights but we have no right to do anything

27、 harmful to society.Unit 6l. 问题在于人们如何看待那些专心追求知识的学生。The problem lies in how people look at those students dedicated to the pursuit of knowledge.2. 我国政府已决定向教育投入比过去多得多的钱。Our government has decided to put a lot more money into education than before.3. 我们得培养更多一流的工程师参与同日本的技术竞争。We have to train more first-

28、class engineers to compete in the technology race with Japan.4. 求知好学和勤奋用功的学生应受到表扬并被树立为其他学生的榜样。The intellectually curious and hard-working students should be praised and held up as examples to other students.5. 知道我们消除排斥知识的现象，我们才有希望保持世界级强国的地位。Not until we do away with our anti-intellectualism do we st

29、and a chance to remain a world-class power.6. 我们必须使自己适应时代的要求，否则我们就会落后于世界上其他工业国家。We must adapt ourselves to the demands of our times, otherwise well fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.7 其他孩子在踢足球，而他们的儿子却在学英语，做父母的为此感到骄傲。The parents are proud of their son who is studying English w

30、hile the other children are playing football.8. 你真的期望不花费更多的时间学习就能提高你的英语水平？Do you really expect to improve your English without spending more time studying it? Unit 7l. 史密斯先生被认为是一位十分开明的人，除了别的之外，他还认为在法律面前人人平等。Mr. Smith was viewed as a very liberal person who believed, among other things, that all men

31、were equal under the law.2. 他获奖并非偶然；他的成功来自艰苦的训练。It is not by chance that he won the prize; his success comes from his hard training.3. 老师跟白人孩子们谈了很多，试图使他们相信人人生而平等，但在最初几个星期里，似乎没有多少效果。The teacher talked a lot with the white kids, trying to convince them that all men are created equal, but nothing much

32、came of it in the first few weeks.4. 因为我刚来到这所学校，所以有一段时间我感到孤独，也没有朋友。As I was a newcomer to that school, I felt lonely and friendless for a time.5. 伟明日复一日坚持与威尔逊夫人进行交谈，他的英语口语变得越来越流利，越来越自然。Day after day Wei Ming kept talking with Mrs. Wilson, and his oral English became more and more fluent and natural.6. 尽管在最初那几个星期一些孩子对我很不客气，一个白人小姑娘却特别友好。Whereas some of the kids were quite nasty during those f