写作指导如何写好句子.docx

1、写作指导如何写好句子如何写好句子如何写好句子？能否写出好的句子直接影响到一篇文章的质量。因此， 我们要学习英语写作，首先要注意写出好的句子。那么，女口 何才能写出正确的句子呢？具体来说，应注意如下几个方 面：一.把握句子的基本结构，熟悉句子的主要成分和次要 成分，写出写对基本的句子。句子的主语、谓语、宾语和表 语是句子的基本成分。而定语、状语、补语则相对而言处于 次要的地位，是句子的次要成分。句子的基本结构有如下五 类：1.主语+不及物动词。不及物动词就是后面不能带宾语 的动词。尽管不及物动词的后面 不接宾语，但很多时候，这个不及物动词有副词修饰或别的状语修饰。有动词如果不 加状语修饰，句子的

2、意思就可能不完整或不那么丰富。如：1).Mr. Li didn t appear.宀 Mr. Li didn t appear until the meeting was over.2).She married. 宀 She married late.小练1.根据所给汉语翻译下面各句。1)他爷爷在去年去世了。turnendedsitsthis3）李明今天下午不会来了Keys: 1) His grandpa died last year.2)She gets up at half past six every morning.3)Li Ming won t come this afternoon

3、.2.给下面句子加上适当的状语使句子的内容更加完 整、丰富。1)The manager didn tup .2)The meeting3)The sun rises andKeys: 1) until nine o clock2) very late afternoon3) in the east/ in the west2.主语+系动词+表语。系动词后面的成分就是表语。在这类结构中，可用作表语的有分 词、形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等。而常见的系动词有 be及其它半系动词look、smell、taste、sound、taste、feel、seem appear、 grow、stay、k

4、eep、remain、change、turn 等。如：1）.She was too tired.2）.Your father is in his office.小练根据所给汉语翻译下面各句1） 她看起来像她的妈妈。2） 她显得非常激动。3） 这汤尝起来很美味。4） 她还像以前那样美丽。5） 明天天气将变冷。Keys: 1) She looks like her mother.2)She appears/looks/seems very excited.3)The soup tastes delicious.4)She remains as beautiful as before.5)The w

5、eather will turn cold tomorrow.3.主语+及物动词+宾语。有些动词的后面必须接宾语， 其结构才完整，这样的动词就叫 及物动词。可以用作宾语的通常有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式及宾语从句等。如：1)saw a film yesterday.2).1 didn t meet him at the meeting.3)I can t stand your speaking to your mother like that.4)They tried to help the poor people.5)I don t think that he will arrive o

6、n time.小练根据所给汉语翻译下面各句1)警察最后将两个小偷抓住了。2）经理过一会要见你3）我不喜欢在这里吸烟5)我从来就没有想到他会在这么短的时间内完成这项 工作。Keys: 1) The police finally caught the two thieves.2)The manager will see you in a while.3)I hate smoking here.4)They decided to set up a new hospital here.5)I never thought that he could finish his workin such a sh

7、ort time.4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。有些及物动词 后面必须带两个宾语：一个直接 宾语、一个间接宾语。这类结构中的间接宾语和直接宾语又统称为双宾语。常接双宾 语的动词有： give、pass、send、teach、buy、bring、show 等。直接宾语和间接宾语的位置通常可以互相交换。当直接 宾语(指物的宾语)位于间接宾语(指人的宾语)前面时， 间接宾语的前面通常有一个介词 for或to。如：1).Mother bought me a watch.宀Mother bought awatch for me.2）.She showed us her new dress. S

8、he showed her new dress to us.小练请用括号中所给动词并根据所给汉语翻译下面 各句1）请把那本书递给我好吗？ （ pass）2）请将这封信交给李明。（give）3）老师今天教了我们一首新歌。 （teach）4）我爸爸昨天给我买了一个新手机。 （buy）5）你能给我看一看你的新衣服吗？ （show）Keys: 1) Would you please pass me the book/ passthe book to me?2） Please give this letter to Li Ming.3） Our teacher taught us a ne song t

9、oday.4） My father bought me a new mobile/a new mobilefor me yesterday.5） Could you show me your clothes/your new clothes to me ?5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾语补足语（简称宾补） 是补充说明宾语怎么样或干什 么的成分。可以用作宾补的词语有：名词、形容词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、 副词、介词短语等。如：1） heard him singing in her room.2） .We must keep our rivers clean.小练根据所给汉语翻译下面

10、各句1）我听到房间里有小孩子在哭。2）多做运动能够使我们保持健康3）我刚才看见她进了教室5)在会上我们选李先生做经理Keys: 1) I heard a child crying in the room.2)Taking more exercise can keep us healthy.3)I just saw her enter the classroom.4)We found his car stuck in the snow.5)At the meeting we elected Mr. Li our manager.二.把握并用好并列句并列句就是由并列连词所连接起来的两个简单句。常用

11、的并列连词有： and、or、but、so、while、when 等。and用作并列连词，连接两个并列句时，可表示并列关系、递进关系、因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等。 or可以表示并列关系，也可表示因果关系。 but表示转折关系。so可表示因 果关系。while可表示比较或对比。 when则表示时间，相当 于and at that time( 就在那时)。如：1). Work hard, and you will succeed. -and 表示因果关系2). Hurry up, or you will be late for the film.3). He is old, but he st

12、ill works as hard as young people.but 表示转折关系4). Mr. Li is generous and outgoing, so we all getson well with him. -so 表示因果关系5). She thought we were talking about her daughterwhile we were talking about my own.-while 表示比较、对比6). I was going to leave home when the telephone rang. -when 表示时间，相当于 and at t

13、hat time小练1.在下面句子的空格处填上适当的并列连词1)Get down to your work now, you won tcomplete your work in time.2)Comeover here, I ll tell you a good pieceof news.3)She s young, she knows muchmore than manyof us.4)I was about to leave the house it suddenlybegan to rain heavily.5)Many people don t have enough to eat

14、theythrow a lot of food into the sea.6)He was very tired, he went to bed veryearly yesterday.Keys: 1) or2) and3) bu t4) when5) while6) so三.把握并使用好复合句复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种 结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个 主谓结构则是句子的次要部分， 即从句部分。常见的从句有:定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。使用复合句时，应注意 如下几点：1)从句部分一般都有引导词引导这个从句，因 此，要用好复合句，首先要正确地使用引

15、导从句的关联词语； 2)无论是主句部分还是从句部分的结构必须是前面提到的 简单句的五个类型当中的一个(除省略句外) ，也就是说，无论是主句还是从句，其句子成分必须是完整的，结构准备 确；3)名词性从句的语序还要用陈述句的语序。如：1). As is known to all, China is getting more andmore powerful. -As 引导一个定语从句2). What he says doesn t suit what he does.-本句包含两个名词性从句： What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句3). Where t

16、here is a will, there is a way. -Where 引导一个表示地点的状语从句小练I .在下面句子的空格处填上适当的引导词。1.With the rapid development, the idea has alreadycome true we can play video games and receivee-mails without sitting at a keyboard.2.Word came the Shengzhou VII will be sentoff in a few days.3.I ve learned , no matter what

17、happens andhow bad it seems today, life goes on and it will bebetter tomorrow.4. What worries the public worry most? prices keep going up, I suppose.5.The reason he has been such a success in hiscareer is he never gives up in his work.6. this text can be used for listening thisterm has not been deci

18、ded yet.7. matters most in learning English isenough practice.8.The seaside here draws a lot of tourists everysummer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.9.It is none of your business other peoplethink about you. Believe in yourself.10.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That the best jobs are.

19、11.The volunteers have paid a visit to all thesenior citizens in the community, most of are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.12.To get the program started, all I needis your permission and support.13. has been said above, English grammar isonly a set of dead rules.14.Can you tell me something about

20、 the man house you have rented for years?15.Finally the little boy told us everything he had seen and heard in the street.16.Don t worry. I ll inform you yourdaughter comes back to school.17. Why hasn t Mr. Li come to work today? he has gone to Beijing to have a meeting.18.1 think you bag is still y

21、ou left it.I m sure you will find it there.19.Nothing is so difficult in this world you put your mind into it.20.I won t have a trip to Mount Huang mybest friend Amy is invited, too.Keys: 1. that2. that3. that4. That5. that6.Whether7. What8. what9. whatlO. wherell. whom12. that13. As14. whose15. tha

22、t16. when/ if17. Because18. where19. if20. unlessII .请根据括号中所给汉语将句子补充完整1.It worries both the parents very much （他们的儿子患有严重的心脏病 ）2.There is no doubt （中国将变得越来越 强大）3.During the summer holidays, we paid a visit to （曾经是我们学校的地方 ）4.Our city is no longer （ 十年前的样子 ）,when it was quite dirty and noisy.5.The resu

23、lt of the experiment turned out very good, （这是我们没有预料到的）.6.Have you seen the play （它的主角是Lily的姐姐扮演的）7. （ 众所周知 ）,our boss had brokenhis promise that he would give us a rise.8.The foreign settlers began killing the nativecitizens （ 他们一上这个岛）9.It was five o clock （ 他们登上山顶的时候）10.The visitor asked the guide

24、 to take hispicture （ 在塔所处的地方 ）Keys:1.that their only son suffers from serious heart trouble.2.that China will become more and more powerfulin the future.3.what was once our primary school4.what it was ten years ago5.which we hadn t expected.6.whose leading role is played by Lily s sister7.As was kn

25、own to all8.the moment/ As soon as they set foot on the island.9.when they climbed up to the top of the mountain.10.where stands the famous tower.任何句子都是在上述的这些句子的基础上变化而来的。所以，我们在把握这些基本的 结构之后，要写出完整而且符合规则的句子就不难了。此外我们还要注意使用正确的时态和语态。由于英语习惯上的不同，英语中常常以动词来体 现动作发生的时间；表示被动意义时，也要用动词来体现。 动词时态和语态的使用是否得当直接影响句子的含义。因 此，同学们在写作时，应特别注意正确地使用动词的时态和 语态。只有这样，我们才能写出符合英语表达习惯的句子。