高考CD篇核心题材科技类专题机器人生物医学增版.docx

1、高考CD篇核心题材科技类专题机器人生物医学增版高考CD篇核心题材科技类（机器人、生物/医学）专题阅读层次结构：第一段直抒本文主旨Choosing to forget something （动名词作主语）might take more mental effort than trying to remember it, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered through neuroimaging (神经成像).选择忘记的东西可能需要更多的脑力劳动比试图记住它,德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员发现,通过神经成像。Th

2、ese findings, published（过去分词表被动和完成） in the Journal of Neuroscience, suggest that in order to forget an unwanted experience, more attention should be focused on it. This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting, which（定语从句引导词） focused on reducing attention to the unwant

3、ed information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memorys retrievals (恢复).（该句话为第一题答案来源）这些发现发表(过去分词表被动和完成)在神经科学杂志上,表明为了忘记一个不受欢迎的经验,更多的关注应该关注它。这个令人惊讶的结果继续先前的研究在故意忘记,这专注于减少注意通过将注意力从多余的不必要的信息经验或阻碍记忆的恢复。层次与结构：进行实验（细节）“We may want to get rid of memories that c

4、ause nonadaptive responses, such as upsetting memories, so that we can respond to new experiences in more adaptive ways,” said Jarrod Lewis-Peacock, the studys senior author and an assistant professor of psychology at UT Austin. “Decades of research has shown that we have the ability to voluntarily

5、forget（不定式作定语） something, but how our brains do that is still being questioned. Once we can figure out how memories are weakened（被动语态） and design ways to control （不定式表目的）this, we can design treatment to help people rid themselves of unwanted memories.”该研究的资深作者、德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的心理学助理教授Jarrod Lewis-Peacock

6、说:“我们可能想要去除导致非适应性反应的记忆，比如令人不快的记忆，这样我们就能以更适应的方式对新经历做出反应。”“几十年的研究表明,我们有能力主动忘记,但我们的大脑如何仍受到质疑。一旦我们可以找出记忆是如何削弱和设计方法控制,我们可以设计治疗来帮助人们摆脱不必要的记忆。”Using neuroimaging to track patterns of brain activity, the researchers showed a group of healthy adults images of scenes and faces, instructing（现在分词作状语） them to ei

7、ther remember or forget each image. Their findings not only confirmed that humans have the ability to control what they forget, but that successful intentional forgetting required “moderate (适中的) levels” of brain activity in these sensory and perceptual areas (感官区域)more activity than what was requir

8、ed to remember.使用神经成像跟踪的大脑活动模式,研究人员发现一群健康成年人的图像场景和面孔,指示)他们记得或者忘记每个图像。他们的发现不仅证实了人类有能力控制他们忘记,但是,成功的故意忘记需要“适中的水平”的大脑活动在这些感觉和感官区域活动比被要求记住。“A moderate level of brain activity is critical to this forgetting mechanism. （该句话即为39题答案来源）Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory; too weak, and you wont chan

9、ge it,” said Tracy Wang, lead author of the study and a psychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin. “Importantly, its the intention to forget（不定式作定语）that increases the activation of the memory, and when this activation hits the moderate level sweet spot, thats when it leads to later forgetting of t

10、hat experience.” The researchers also found that participants were more likely to forget scenes than faces, which can carry much more emotional information, the researchers said.适度的大脑活动对这种遗忘机制至关重要。太强大,它将加强记忆;这项研究的主要作者、德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的心理学博士后Tracy Wang说。“重要的是,它是有意忘记的激活增加内存,当这个激活的“适度”舒适点,晚些时候会忘记的经历。研究人员还发现

11、，与面孔相比，参与者更容易忘记场景，因为后者能传递更多的情感信息。“Were learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information(该句话即为第三题答案), and it will take a lot of further research and replication (重复) of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget,” said Lewis-Peacock, who ha

12、s begun a new study using neuro feed back to track how much attention is given to certain types of memories.“我们学习这些机制在大脑如何应对不同类型的信息,它将大量的进一步研究和重复这项工作之前,我们的了解如何控制我们忘记的能力,“Lewis-Peacock说,他已经开始了一项新的研究使用神经反馈跟踪给予多少关注某些类型的记忆。层次与结构：最后一段描写下一步的研究方向This will make way for future studies on how we process, and

13、hopefully get rid of, those really strong, sticky emotional memories, which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-being, Lewis-Peacock said. 刘易斯-皮科克说:“这将为今后研究我们如何处理并有望摆脱那些对我们的健康和幸福有强大影响的非常强烈的、难以忘怀的情感记忆铺平道路。”38. Previous studies on intentional forgetting researched _. A. the pattern of br

14、ain activityB. the process of recovering a memoryC. the way to reduce attention to unwanted information D. the amount of attention required by intentional forgetting 39. According to Tracy Wang, forgetting is possible when _. A. people respond to new experiences in an adaptive way B. the activation

15、of the memory reaches a certain level C. people have the strongest intention to forgetD. the information involves more emotion40. Lewis continues his study to find out _. A. how to control peoples ability to forget B. where to apply the findings of his teams latest study C. what effects upsetting me

16、mories have on peoples healthD. if different types of information requires different levels of attention41. What is the best title of the article? A. Where does forgetting take place?B. How does attention affect memory?C. Forgetting uses more brain power than rememberingD. Forgetting is far more dif

17、ficult than we once imagined高频词汇归类于整理：to end=词根tend表示延伸tedious /tids/冗长的，乏味烦人的stretch /strt/ 延伸(stretching, stretched, stretches)tend /tnd/ tend to 倾向于; 往往会tent /tnt/ 帐extent程度，范围，长度extend /kstnd/vt.延伸，扩大，伸展intend /ntnd/to 打算intention /ntnn/ 意图intentionalintense /ntns/in-,进入，使，-tense,延伸，词源同tend,tens

18、e.引申词义绷紧，皮筋拉长就会紧绷，紧张，剧烈的，强烈的 light n.光(直的)adj. 轻的；浅色的adv. 轻地correct 改正 direct redirect rectangle 矩形 rectangular rectify /rektfa/ 使正可以得出结论: rect 直，使直，矫正，改正的含义 regulate 调节等 regulator loyal 平民的 royal / rl / 皇室的 region / ridn/ n. 区域(国王统治的地方，在一个规则下运行的地方) reign n. /ren/ n. 统治 何为统治？制定规则，让人们遵守 foreign adj.

19、/ frn/ adj外国的，不相关的responserespond toresponsibleresponsibilityadaptadaptiveadaptableprocess proceed strong weakaccess strengthsuccess strengthen weakenexcess exceed threattrack threatentricktrickytruckpicturepatternstick spitsticky spotmachinemechanism.get rid ofprevious=before 层次与结构：第一段做个基本介绍，最后一句通过

20、一个问题提问本文（讨论）的主旨The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apples Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed（被动语态） to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions

21、that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children? Jibo、Cozmo、Kuri和Meccano M.A.X等新型社交机器人与苹果(Apple)的Siri等助手有一些相似之处，但它们还有更多的功能。他们的目的不是

22、用他们的智慧，而是用他们的个性来赢得我们的信任。它们被当作伙伴来出售，它们不仅仅是和我们说话。时代杂志称赞“能从根本上重塑我们的机器人与机器进行互动的方式。“但重塑我们与机器的互动方式是件好事吗，尤其是对孩子们来说?”层次与结构：介绍他人/常规观点（为了下一段提出作者/本文观点）Some researchers in favor of the robots dont see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thin

23、g with which we can have relationships. To support（不定式表目的） their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun

24、 one.一些支持机器人的研究人员并不认为这有什么问题。人们与许多事物有关系。有人说机器人只是另一种我们可以与之建立关系的东西。为了支持他们的观点，机器人专家有时会指出孩子们是如何对待玩具娃娃的。儿童动画赋予布娃娃们生命,把它们变成虚构的朋友。从某种意义上说，Jibo将会是一个更多想象中的朋友，而且可以说是一个更聪明、更有趣的朋友。层次与结构：提出本文主旨/作者自己观点Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines（动名词短语作主语） is different, though. Todays robots tell children that t

25、hey have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create （不定式作表语）

26、“a deeper and deeper emotional connection . And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that.” What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesnt even know

27、 it is neglecting you? 然而，迷恋洋娃娃和社交机器是不同的。今天的机器人告诉孩子们，他们有情感、友谊，甚至梦想要分享。事实上，机器人的全部目标是情感诡计。例如，Cozmo机器人需要喂食、修理和玩耍。Cozmo背后的Anki公司的首席执行官鲍里斯索夫曼(Boris Sofman)说，这个想法是为了创造“一种越来越深的情感联系如果你忽视他，你会感到痛苦，那“这到底有什么意义?”忽视对被忽视毫不感到痛苦，或者对被忽视却不知道它是在忽视你而感到愤怒，这意味着什么?层次与结构：进一步阐述作者观点This should not be our only concern. It is t

28、roubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say” or squeak, they dont un

29、derstand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they dont know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.这不应该是我们唯一关心的问题。令人

30、不安的是，这些机器人试图同情儿童。同理心让我们设身处地为他人着想，了解他们的感受。然而，机器人没有情感可以分享，它们不能把自己放在我们的位置上。不管机器人“说”或“叫”什么，它们都不理解我们的情感生活。他们把自己表现得像一台同理心机器，但他们缺少必要的设备。他们没有出生，他们不知道痛苦、死亡或恐惧。机器人思考可能是思考，但机器人的感觉永远是感觉，机器人的爱永远是爱。What is also troubling is that children take robots behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with the

31、m, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots dont work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot l

32、iked his brothers better.同样令人不安的是，孩子们把机器人的行为当成是感情的表现。当机器人与他们互动时，孩子们会认为这是机器人喜欢他们的证据，当机器人在需要的时候不工作时，孩子们也会认为这是针对他们的。与机器人的关系影响他们的自尊心。在一项研究中，一名8岁的男孩得出结论，机器人不再和他说话是因为它更喜欢他的兄弟。层次与结构：正常结尾（有事不太重要，有时时最后一题的答案所在）For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional dow