人教版新课标初中语法大全.docx

1、人教版新课标初中语法大全并列句与复合句and, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror., so, while, 等用于并列句。He can speak not only English but also French. Study hard, or youll fail the exam.Kate was ill, so she didnt go to school.时间状语从句1、当主句是一般将来时或祈使句，表将来意见时，从句用一般现在时，简称“主将从现”。Ill ring you up as soon as

2、I get to Beijing.2、untiltill引导的时间状语从句1）主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定式，表这一动作或状态一直延续到untiltill所表示的时间为止。Ill wait for you till you come to see me. 2)主句的谓语动词时非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.3) since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用一般现在时或完成时，从句用一般过去式。I have worked in this school si

3、nce I graduated from Beijing University.It is 10 year since I began to study English.条件状语从句1)主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时Ill visit the Great Wall if it doesnt rain tomorrow.2)“祈使句+andor引导的结果状语从句中，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句Use your head, and youll find a way. = If you use your head, youll find a way.原因状语从句如果状语从句所表达的原因是人们已知

4、的事实，就要用since, 而不用as或because, since 在这里的意思是“既然”.Since you cant answer the question, you can ask someone for help.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的词组有：so that, in order that, He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order

5、to succeed.结果状语从句引导词 sothat, suchthatso+adj./adv. +thatsuch +a/an +adj. +单数名词 +thatsuch +adj. =不可数名词+thatso +adj.+a/an +单数名词+thatShe is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely girl that we love her very much.当名词前有many或much 修饰时，用so不用such,We have so much time that we can finish

6、 the work very well.2)sothat句型可以用tooto或not enough to 代替，He is so young that he cant go to school.=He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school.宾语从句引导词有that, what, which, who, whose, whom, when（表时间）, where（表地点）, why（表原因）, how（表方式）, if/whether,He said (that) Kate was good at

7、swimming.I dont know what they are going to do.Could you tell me where you are from?Do you know how they found the place?He asked me if she was a teacher.一 主句时态一致1 如果主句是现在的某种时态，则宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。I remember he gave me a book yesterday.He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.2 如果主句是过去的某种时

8、态，那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。He told me that he would take part in the high jump.3 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时，即使从句时过去式， 从句也用一般现在时。He told me that the earth is round.二 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。Do you know what Kates e-mail address is?三 宾语从句的连接词引导词that 不可省略的情况1 当宾语从句的主语是that时，He says that that is a useful book.2 当宾语从句中含有

9、主从复合句时Im afraid that if youve lose it, you must pay for it.3 当两个或多个宾语从句由并列词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的that都可以省略。He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.四 含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether/if 连接。He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.He asked me if/whether I liked

10、watching TV.五 否定转移当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, suppose 时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中。I dont think he will come with you.六 宾语从句的简化1 当从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 hope, wish, decide, agree, choose时，从句可简化为不定式结构。I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail.2 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主语的谓语是know, rememb

11、er, forget, learn 时， 从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构She doesnt know what she should do next. =She doesnt know what to do next.3 seem后的宾语从句可用不定式来简化It seems that football is very interesting. =Football seems to be very interesting.定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词是that, which, who, whom, w

12、hose 和关系副词when（表时间）, where（表地点）, why（表原因）。关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句中间，它起连接作用， 同时又充当从句中的一个成分。Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam.She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.I still remember the day when you left for Beiji

13、ng.This is the school where my mother works.Could you explain the reason why you were late.一 关系代词的用法关系代词that既可指人也可指物，可以代替who, whom与which, which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语介词的宾语；who在从句中作主语或宾语；whom 在从句中作宾语；whose 在从句中作定语，1 只能用关系代词that的情况1)当先行词是all, little, much, none, everything, anything, nothing, 等时， Is there anyth

14、ing (that) you dont understand?2）当先行词前面有the only, the very, the last 等修饰时，This is the only book that I can find.3 ）当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时， This is the best book that I have ever read.4）当先行词前面有only, all, any, no等修饰时， I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.5）当主句是疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时，Which is

15、 the book that you like best?2 关系代词的省略。一般情况下，that, which, whom作定语时可省略，但以下情况不能省略，1）关系代词which, whom 在从句中作介词的宾语时，不能省略，Ill never forget the day on which I joined the club.2) that, which在从句中作主语时，不能省略。Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?3 关系副词的用法1）when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the year

16、when you graduated from NO.8 Middle school.2)why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是reason.We dont know the reason why he was late fore school.3)where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语That is the school where I studied three years ago.主谓一致和倒装句一 主谓一致1、当and连接两个或多个名词，或bothand连接两份两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Tom and Mike are good friends. Both Lu

17、cy and Lily are students.2、不定代词either, neither, each one, the one, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Is there anything wrong with your bike? Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.3、each, eacha

18、nd, each, everyand, every 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Each boy and each girl was given a new book.4、主语后有with, along with, together with, as well as, no less than, more than, including, besides, like, except, but 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.5、a number of

19、 +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of +名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The number of students in our class is 32. A number of trees are cut down.6、“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, most of+名词”或者是“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时，谓语的单复数形式取决于名词，如果是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。Lots of people have been there.7、a pair of, a kind of

20、 +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；pair of, kinds of +复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。A pair of sunglasses is lying on the table. Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day.8、某些只有复数形式的名词（clothes, trousers, shorts, parts, shoes ）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。My shoes were worn out.9、由and 连接的两个名词作主语，如果是指同一概念（即and后面无冠词），则谓语动词用单数形式。The teacher an

21、d writer is coming to give us a port next week.The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.10、表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。Three years is a long time.11、集体名词（family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government）如果表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。My family is a small on

22、e with three people.12、people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The police are helping a girl find her mother.13、one and a half 的后面要接复数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。One and a half cake is a good meal for him.二、就近原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，而是与靠近它的名词一致，这叫做就近原则。 1、由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut(also), notbut, 或or 连接两个

23、并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持一致。Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.倒装句 so +助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语 如 so do I. neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语，如 neither do I.Lucy is a good student. So is Lily.Tom watched TV last night. So did Ann. Mary didnt watch TV last night. Neither did Jim.注意：Tom i

24、s an American. So he is. (的确如此)2、there be 句型there be 句型表示“存在”，是一个主语在be动词后面的倒装句。There is a tree in front of the building.3、以副词开头的倒装句在in, here, there, out, in, down, away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要用倒装句。因此，谓语动词的形式由位于倒装句尾的主语决定。There comes the bus. Here are some flowers.注意：如果主语是人称代词，就不必倒装。Here you are. Here

25、 it is. 另：以news, works(工厂), 或以-ics结尾的学科名词，如 physics, politics, mathematics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。还有，以what从句作主语，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。What he wanted to know was why they didnt tell him.再有，以the+姓氏复数表示“一家”或“夫妇”，当它在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The Blacks enjoy working in China.非谓语动词非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式to+

26、do；动名词doing; 分词（现在分词doing与过去分词done）一 动词不定式的结构to+do; 否定形式not +to +doMy work is to clean the room every day. 作表语She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.作宾语Have you got anything to say? 作定语Im sorry to trouble you. 作状语，表原因I went to the library to study English. 作状语，表目的1 不定式作主语To protect th

27、e environment is important for us.=Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在kind, good, nice, clear 等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of不用forIts very kind of you to help me.2 不定式作宾语He likes to play basketball.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式why not do, why dont you do, had better (not) do, would rather do, could/would/will

28、you please (not) do I would rather stay in the room.二 不定式作宾语补足语Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 等后常跟不定式作宾补。My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.注意：一些使役动词与感官动词用不定式作宾补时，不定式要省略to，这些动词有一感（feel）,二听（hear, listen）,三让（let, make, have）, 四看(look at,

29、 see, watch, notice), 但变为被动语态时，必须加上to.My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.三不定式作定语时要在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系；若动词是不及物时，且与所修饰的词是动宾关系时，要在动词后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about.2 不定式常与疑问词what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句The teacher is telling the students what to do.She didnt

30、 know where to go.动名词 doingEating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式注意 一些动词后面常跟动名词，这样的动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem (in)，spend(in), feel like, be used to, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help,分词：现在分词与过去分词Do you know the g

31、irl standing under the tree? 作定语Please hand in your written exercises. 作定语The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 状语Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful. 状语The situation is encouraging. 表语The boy is too frightened to move. 表语Dont keep us waiting for a long time. 补足语I heard him singing in the classroom. 补足语Hell have his hair cut after school. 补足语四 一些动词接不定式与动名词的区别Stop to do remember to do forget to do go on to do regret to