词组以及常用的翻译整理.docx

1、词组以及常用的翻译整理一、 固定搭配1. have trouble/difficulty (in)doing做有困难，有麻烦(have trouble/difficulty with sth.)My mother would encourage me every time I have trouble/difficulty learning something important.He had trouble/difficulty concentrating on the experiment.2. used to do 过去常常(be used to do 被用来做be used to do

2、ing 习惯于)He used to travel by air.His nephew used to visit him at Christmas.He used to be as thin as she.She used to burn the midnight oil(开夜车).3. stick to坚持,忠于,信守to stick to ones plansstick to a task until it is finished 坚持完成任务4. in spite of =despite尽管，不管，虽然He set off once again in spite of his frie

3、nds attempts to stop him.In spite of all the efforts they did not succeed. In spite of his illness, he was determined to carry out his plan.In spite of their intelligence, they arent doing well in school.In spite of his wealth, he isnt very happy.In spite of his height, he isnt a very good basketbal

4、l player. The children went to school in spite of the storm.She did it in spite of our efforts to stop her.The headmaster decided to hire this young man in spite of the fact that he had had no teaching experience at all.5. take for granted 认为理所当然He never praises his wife: he just takes her for grant

5、ed. 他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她一切理当如此。I take it for granted (that) you have read this book. 我认为你一定读过这本书。6. in favor of 支持，赞同Are you in favor of workers control of companies?Was he in favor of death penalty?7. worn out （1）very worn and therefore no longer usable 过于破旧不能再使用的a worn-out coat破烂不堪的大衣（2）(usu pred通常作表语)(of

6、 a person very exhausted) 筋疲力尽的You look worn-out after your long journey. 你走了很长的路，看上去风尘仆仆。8. set off: begin a journey; start 开始（旅程等）；出发 e.g. We set off at dawn. to set off for a place to set off for holidays to set off on a trip to Huang Shan / across Europe9. stay up 不睡觉，熬夜=sit up/ burn the midnigh

7、t oil stay up late stay up doing sth. stay up all night burn the midnight oil Examples: -He stays up reading and writing until midnight every day. -Ill be home late, but please dont stay up for me.10. run out到期，用完，耗尽 1) come to an end, be used up到期，用完，耗尽 Hurry up! Time is running out! Time ran out b

8、efore most of us could answer the last question. Their food was running out fast so the mountain climbers had to return to the base. The contract will run out next month.2) use all of the supply, be troubled by not having enough The car ran out of gas three miles from the town. She never runs out of

9、 ideas for clever house decorations.11. set aside 1.挑出,留出,拨出；2.把.置于一旁,不理会(1) She set aside a little money each week. 她每个星期都存点儿钱。I try to set aside a few minutes each day to do some exercises.我每天尽量腾出几分钟锻炼一下身体。(2) Setting aside what I think, what would you like to do?不必顾忌我个人的感情。Lets set aside my perso

10、nal feelings. Set aside for a moment your instinctive dislike of the man. 暂且不要考虑你从直觉上憎恶他这一因素。 (set about sth/ doing sth开始，着手做I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。I dont know how to set about this job.这工作我不知如何着手。The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems.新

11、政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。set up摆放，竖起、建立,设立,树立 资助,使自立,扶持1.Road-blocks（路障） were set up by the police to catch the escaped prisoner.2. The council set up a committee to inquire into local unemployment.The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。 创办公司 set

12、 up a company/corporation set back cause to put off or get behind the schedule; reverse the progress of; delay the advance of (sth.); delay (sb.) from advancing by (an amount of time)耽搁；阻碍 那场事故使他们耽搁了几天。 The accident has set them back several days. Your mistakes have set us back several weeks. My clo

13、ck was too fast, so I set it back three minutes. 那时内战爆发，使国家的现代化建设滞后了十年。 Then the civil war broke out, setting back the modernization of the country by 10 years. Bad weather set back the construction of the building by one month. The flight for Hangzhou was set back by heavy fog. We shall set our clo

14、cks back by one hour when summer ends. 下雨使建筑计划延后了一星期。 The rain set back the building plan (by) one week. 他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了很多。 He was ill for about a month, which has really set him back in his studies. 12. bring up: call attention to, raise使注意，提出 (1) These are matters that you can bring up in comm

15、ittee. (2) There are several points Id like to bring up at the meeting tomorrow. 13. account for（1）解释,说明，（2）占How do you account for all these mistakes?His illness accounts for his absence.Please account for your conduct/behavior.对你的行为请做出解释。The girls account for 60% of all the students in that school

16、. 14. draw on/upon 利用，动用，使用(draw up/out/off)We drew on her experience throughout the project.我们这一项目至始至终都借重她的经验。I have to draw on my savings. 我只好动用我的储蓄。 15. consist in 在于，存在于（lie in）The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. (consist of由组成，构成委员会由10人组成。The committee consists of 10 people.A wee

17、k consists of seven days. )16. lay off=dismiss, fire解雇They were laid off because of the lack of new orders.由于没有新的订货，他们遭暂时解雇。17. on earth=in the world到底，究竟（infml used for emphasis加强语气）How/why/where/whoon earth/in the world?What on earth are you doing?你到底在干什么呢？How on earth did she manage that?她究竟怎么办到的

18、呢？(on the earth/in earth /in the earth)18. access to 1.通路，入口way (in) to a place 2.进入（或享用、接近）的机会 opportunity of reaching, using and approaching eg. (1) The only access to the village is by boat. (2）Access to the papers is restricted to the Defence Department personnel only. (3) Every student can have

19、 a quick and easy access to the library resources.19. give in (to sb/sth) allow oneself to be defeated or overcome (by sb/sth)屈服，让步，投降The rebels were forced to give in. 叛乱者被迫投降。Shes a gusty/brave player, and she never gives in. 她是个勇敢的选手，从不屈服。The authorities showed no sign of giving in to the kidnapp

20、ers demands.当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象。20. put forward(1) 提前Weve put forward the date of our wedding by one week. 我们将婚礼日期提前了一周。(2)提出Put forward a suggestion, a plan, an argument提出一个建议，计划，论据She is putting forward a proposal in the conference. 21. turn up出现，露面，来到We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but

21、he failed to turn up.我们约定7：30在电影院见面，但他没来。我们请她吃饭她都不露面。We invited her to dinner but she didnt bother to turn up. Im sure your watch will turn up sooner or later.Hes still hoping something (eg a job / good luck )will turn up. 二、 倒装not untilno sooner than在以never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom

22、, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardlywhen, no soonerthan, by no means, under no circumstances, in no time等开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这些都是表示否定或半否定意义的词或词组。never 从不seldom很少rarely很少little一点也不，几乎没有hardly几乎不scarcely几乎不nowhere没有地方not不，没有not a bit一点也不not until直到才not often 不经常on no account决不not on any accoun

23、t决不hardlywhen一就no soonerthan一就on no consideration决不neither(nor)不也不in no circumstances决不under no circumstances决不in no way决不not on ones life决不at no time从不in no case决不by no means决不in vain无效，没有用not infrequently经常not once or twice许多次not only (merely, alone, simply,)but also(或 also, likewise)不但而且例如：Never

24、have I come across such a difficult problem.我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。Seldom do I read such magazines. 我很少读这种杂志。No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。Never before have I met him. 我以前从未见过他。Hardly did I think it possible. 我想这几乎不可能。Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we shou

25、ld try our best to overcome them.我们不但应该不怕困难，而且要尽最大努力克服困难。Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到半夜雨才停。（正常语序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的变化）Very seldom do you find that two clocks or watches exactly agree. 你很难发现两个钟或表的时间完全一样。By no means will this method produce satisfactory res

26、ults.这种方法决不会产生令人满意的结果。翻译练习（使用倒装结构）：1)我从来没有读过这么一本有意思的书。I have never read such an interesting book.Never have I read such an interesting book.2)她一点也不知道会发生什么事。Little does she know what may happen.3)我简直不相信这是真的。Hardly could I believe it (to be) true.4)我刚到家，就下起大雨来了。No sooner had I reached home than it beg

27、an to rain heavily. 5)最近我很少见到她。Seldom have I met her recently.6)爱因斯坦不仅是世界闻名的科学家，而且还是一个相当不错的小提琴家。Not only was Einstein a world famous scientist, but also a fairly good violinist.7)直到战争结束，他才回家。Not until after the war did he return home.（正常语序是： He did not return home until after the war.）8)在任何情况下，我们都不应

28、该做违反人民意愿的事。Under no circumstances should we do anything against the will of the people.so that在sothat结构中，如果so在句首，通常也用倒装结构。例如：1. So easy is it that a boy can learn it.那很容易，小孩子都能学。（原句是：It is so easy that a boy can learn it.）2. So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly. 他说得很快，

29、我们简直听不清楚。（原句是：He spoke so rapidly that we could hardly understand him clearly.）3. 他是如此激动，以至于他根本睡不着。He was so excited that he could not go to sleep. =So excited was he that he could not go to sleep. 4. 他说得如此单调乏味以至于每个人都离开了。He spoke so monotonously that everyone left. =So monotonously did he speak that

30、 everyone left. 5. His manner was so absurd that everyone stared at him. =So absurd was his manner that everyone stared at him.6. He worked so hard that he obtained his Ph. D. degree one year ahead of schedule. =So hard did he work that he obtained his Ph. D. degree one year ahead of schedule.三、 表示程

31、度增加/减少increase/decrease by/to 减少了dedrease by 减少到decrease to 增加了increase by 增加到 increase to 四、 词义辨析carrysufferappreciatetakecontaincoverlisttouch五、 主谓一致not only but also1.当主语由either. or, neither. nor, not only . but (also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。 例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。 Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，汤姆上课也迟到。 Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。2.当there