高一英语三大从句知识点专项资料.docx

1、高一英语三大从句知识点专项资料 一、高中英语三大从句（一）定语从句1. 识记定语从句的定义及引导词分类（1）识记定语从句的定义 定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。（形容词 ：愤怒的小鸟 Fantastic baby 数词：Two friends 副词：The culture here 名词：Horseman Bojack 介词短语：The bottle in his hand 不定式：The beer to drink ） 从句：从句指复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由 that、who、whom、 when、why、where、how、which 等引

2、导词（Connective）引导的非主句部分。 定语从句：用来修饰名词或代词的句子,起到定语的作用,所以叫做定语从句。即结构上是一个从句，作用上充当定语；公式：先行词+（关系代词关系副词）+从句剩余部分e.g. He is the social man who tattoos himself with a Peggy Pig.（2）定语从句的引导词关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系代词总结关系代词从句是否完整先行词在从句中充当先行词属性that从句不完整人/物主/宾/表人/物which从句不完整物主/宾物who从句不完整人主/宾人whom从句不完整

3、人（宾格）宾人whose从句不完整人/物.的定人/物as从句不完整人/物主/宾/表人/物That 的特殊用法：“七宗罪”七种一定要用 that 的情况 ： 1. 先行词本身是不定代词或者数字时,关系代词应用 thate.g. all, much, little, few, anything, nothing, everything, something, two. 2. 当先行词是并列先行词（即既包括人又包括物）时,关系代词应用 that 3. 当先行词被最高级, 序数词，the first, the last 修饰时, 关系代词应用 that 4. 当先行词被限定词修饰时, 关系代词应用 t

4、hat.e.g. the only, the same, the very, little, few, no, some,all, every, any5. 在 there be 的句型中，关系代词用 that；当先行词是way,并且在从句中作状语时，可以用in which 或 that 引导，也能省略6. 当主句中有 who、which 等疑问代词时，定语从句要用that引导7. 当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时要用 that that “三不沾” ：1. 当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those, 并且指代人时，或者先行词是 he 时要用 who。

5、2. 当先行词本身是 that 时，用 which 或 who 避免重复。3. that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，不能用在逗号后面。关系副词 when, where, whywhere 特殊化用法：工作类事件类情况类其他position，CaseConditionpoint，business，activitysituationscenes，work，state，professionstagewhen 时间模糊化 ：stay, occasion2. 定从解题步骤：解题三步走 圈圈从句（学会找出从句，划出起止点）判诊断从句的主宾表缺失与否（缺什么成分） 填根据句意选出适合引导词介词+关系代词=关

6、系副词 （地点：where = in/on which 时间：when = in/on/during which 原因：why = for which 所属：whose = of which/of whom ）如何选用介词？ 1.看先行词搭配 2.看从句中名词/形容词/动词的搭配 3.看上下文 4.指物:介词+which 5.指人:介词+whomAs 在定从中的用法 ：1. as 用于限制性定语从句中，通常用于以下结构中，并且从句常采用省略形式 the sameas./asas /soas /not as/soas /the sameas /suchas.as 和 that 的区别：So/su

7、chthat状语从句，从句完整 ；So/suchas定语从句，从句不 完2. as 固定句型 as has been said before 如上所述as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样3. which 和 as 引导非限制性定从时的用法区别：as 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其先行词（指代对象）一定是整个句子, 且从句通常放在主 句前,也可放在主句后, 也可以以插入语的形式放在句子中间；which 也可以用于非限制性定语从句, 它的先行词可以是整个主句,也可以是主句中的一部 分, which 引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首定语从句的分类定语从句分为：限制性定语从句

8、VS 非限制性定语从句e.g.I like meetings which give us some time for entertainment.I like meetings, which give us some time for entertainment.（二）名词性从句1. 名词性从句的定义和分类名词性从句（Noun Clauses）就是在主句中充当名词作用的从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句都要用陈述语序。That Miguel wants to be a musician is forbidden in the family.（主语从句） The t

9、eacher said that he usually went for a walk after dinner.（宾语从句） Miguels great grandfather is not what others thought of.（表语从句）Miguel was shocked by the news that his great grandfather is not De La Curs.（同位语从句） 注： 同位语：一个名词/其他形式对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词/其他形式就是同位语。2. 名词性从句连接词及其用法 观察下列名词性从句的引导词，看其在从句中是否充当

10、不可删成分、充当什么成分，有什么 含义：主语从句 1. That family always comes first is all that this movie wants to stress. 否 连接词 无 义同位语从句 2. They had to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 miles away. 否 连 接词 无义主语从句 3. Whether Miguel can find his great grandfather is a mystery. 否 连接词 是否 宾语从句 4. Nobody can t

11、ell when she will arrive. 否 时间状语 何时宾语从句 5. The question is why he likes the place so much. 否 原因状语 为何 主语从句 6. What De LA Curs had done shocked us. 是 宾语 什么主语从句 7. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 是 主语 谁宾语从句 8. Id like to work with whoever is honest and easy to get on with. 是 主语 无

12、论谁 宾语从句 9. You must give it back to whomever it belongs to. 是 宾语 无论谁 总结：名词性从句连接词的基本区分（重点）类别引导词从句是否完整在 从 句 中 是否 充 当 不 可 删成分意义充 当 句 子 成分连接词that是否无含义/Whether/if是否是否/连接副词Where(-ver)是否何地状语/表语When(-ever)是否何时状语/表语why是否为何状语/表语How(-ever)是否程度/方式状语/表语连接代词What(-ever)否是（无论）什么主/宾/表/定Which(-ever)否是（无论）哪一个主/宾/表/定Wh

13、o(-ever)否是（无论）谁主/宾/表Whom(-ever)否是（无论）谁宾Whose(-ever)否是（无论）的定3. 名词性从句的解题步骤1. 圈：圈出从句范围2. 判：判断从句在主句中是否做名词性成分 + 判断空格处在从句中是否做不可删成分缺成分 连接代词：what/ which/ who(m)/ -ever（主宾表）缺表语：when/where/why/how连接词: that/ if/ whether不缺成分 连接副词: when/ where/why/ how/-ever（定状） 特殊词: whose/which/what 3. 填：填写引导词（根据意思填写很关键）4. 名词性从

14、句易考点（一）It 作形式主语，代替真正的主语从句，避免“头重脚轻”1It is +形容词+that 从句It is clear/obvious/true/certain/possible. that.It is important /necessary/surprisingthat . (should) + 动词原形 虚拟语气e.g. It is possible that you will never want to eat them.It is important that you (should) have a good cooking skill.2It is +过去分词+that

15、从句It is said (reported /learned/told.) that .It is suggested /advised/ordered/required that . (should) + 动词原形 虚拟语气e.g. It is said that they are going to have a marriage.It is suggested that they (should) have a big fat wedding.3It is +名词+that 从句It is a pity/a shame /no wonder /our hope/ our belief/a

16、 factthat e.g. It is our hope that they will live happily together. It +动词(vi)+ 从句It seems / appears thatIt happens / happened that It doesnt matter whether e.g. It seems that William is growing to be more and more like his father. It happens that I find this truth.It doesnt matter whether William i

17、s growing to be more and more like her father.（二）It 作形式宾语，代替真正的宾语从句，避免“中段肥胖”“及物动词+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语”e.g. I find that the princess is wearing a strange hat like toilet lid on the wedding interesting. I find it interesting that the princess is wearing a strange hat like toilet lid on the wedding.“喜、怒、哀、乐”动词

18、 like, enjoy, love, hate, appreciate, dislike, e.g. I like it that shes so beautiful.She hates it when she has no freedom.介词后面接形式宾语，that 引导的宾语从句e.g. You may depend on it that this kind of thing never happens to you.（三）定语从句 VS 同位语从句 从句前名词是抽象概念词_同位语从句 常见抽象名词有：evidence ， idea, news, doubt, fact, word(

19、消 息 ), notice, sense, knowledge, concept, suggestion, advice, reason, certainty, possibility, question, opinion, truth, feeling, chance, thought, theory, order, promise 从句如果同为 that 引导：that 不作成分同位语从句that 作成分定语从句 从句与从句前名词的关系 解释说明同位语从句修饰限定定语从句e.g. The news that I heard on the radio was very shocking.定语

20、从句：修饰 the newse.g. The news that there was a severe earthquake in Sichuan Province was very shocking.同位语从句：具体解释或补充说明 the news（三）状语从句1. 识记状语从句的定义及分类（1）识记状语从句的定义 状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个 句子。引导状语从句的连词称为从属连词，状语从句需要用陈述句语序，可位于复合句的 句首或句末。句式为：“状语从句+逗号+主句”或“主句+状语从句”（2）识记状语从句的分类及连接词考频类别连词高频 考点

21、让步while, though, although, as, even, if, even though, 特殊疑问词+ever, nomatter, whether(or not), despite that条件if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing (that), providing/provided (that), given that, assuming (that), once地点where, wherever时间when, while, as, before, after,

22、till/until, as soon as, once, since, the+时间名词，immediately/instantly, no soonerthan, hardlywhen/before, every+时间词, by the time低频 考点原因because, since, as, for, now that, in that, considering (that)结果so/thus/therefore, sothat, suchthat目的so that, in order that, for fear (that), lest方式as, as if, as though

23、比较asas, soas, than2. 掌握状语从句的连词及用法（1）让步状语从句让 步 状 语 从 句 由 while, though, although, as, even if, even though,+ever, no matter, whether(or not), despite that等词引导1 while引导让步状语从句，置于句首，翻译为 “虽然 ”e.g. While I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.2 though, although, as, even if, even t

24、hough, despite that 翻译为 “虽然，尽管 ”，不能与 but连用，但是可以与 yet, still, nevertheless连用。3 no matter+特殊疑问词 = 特殊疑问词+ever，都翻译为 “无论”，引导状语从句时 可以互换e.g. One can always manage to do more things, no matter how/ however full ones schedule is in life.4 whetheror(not)翻译为 “不管还是”e.g. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bu

25、s driver, should be equally respected.5 形式倒装：though可以放在句首句尾，也可以用在句中； as表示“虽然”时只能放在句 中，引导的状语从句一定要用特殊语序语从句：将be动词后的成分（n./adj./分词）、 状语（adv.）、动词原形提至句首；e.g.Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Try as/though he might, the boy couldnt get back his girlfriends heart. Hard as/though

26、 he studies, he makes little progress.（2）条件状语从句条件状语从句由if, unless, as/ so long as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing (that), providing/ provided (that), given that, assuming (that) 等词引导1if, suppose, supposing (that), providing/ provided (that), given that, assuming (that)意为 如 果，假如 e.g. I

27、f/ Suppose/ Supposing (that)/ Providing/ Provided (that)/ Given that/ Assuming (that) we invite him, he will surely come to dinner.2as long as, so long as, on condition that 翻译为：只要，条件是e.g. You wont find paper cutting difficult as long as/so long as/on condition that you keep practicing it.I can tell

28、 you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.3 unless翻译为：除非，如果不，相当于 if note.g. You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.4 in case翻译为：万一，既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，相当于if it happens thate.g. I always take something to read when I go to the doctors in case I have to

29、wait.（3）地点状语从句 地点状语从句由where, wherever 引导注意：与定语从句的区别地点状语从句的连词“where” 不可以用“in which”代替e.g. The photo was taken where stand the big building.It is so good a habit to instruct children to lay things where they belong when they are young.（4）时间状语从句时 间 状 语 从 句 由 when, while, as, before, after, till/ until,

30、 as soon as, once, since, no soonerthan, hardlywhen/ before, every + 时间词，by the time等引导1 when: 当时，在期间，从句所加动词既可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动 词或状态动词e.g. It was already time for lunch when she got to her office.（when+短暂性动词）When they were still talking and laughing, the teacher came in. （when + 延续性动词） 注：when“这时.，正当时候，突然间”句型：.was/ were doingwhen“正在做某事，这时/突然间”.was/ were about to dowhen“正要做某事，这时/突然间”. had just donewhen“刚刚做完某事，这时/突然间”e.g. Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.