翻译技巧讲解及真题练习 0016.docx

1、翻译技巧讲解及真题练习 0016翻译技巧提炼：一、翻译标准：通顺、达意、准确好的翻译：语言精练，意思准确，符合译语习惯；举例：广告词和歌词翻译差的翻译：逐字翻译，各种翻译腔二、翻译方法：直译与意译结合直译死译，逐字译意译随意译三、翻译策略：拆分与组合四、词的译法一词多义及词的引申义转性增减换形具体抽象五、句法翻译换序断句转态正反一、翻译标准：信、达、雅；准确、通顺、完整1.翻译赏析1.1歌词Someone like you -AdeleI heard, that your settled down. 已闻君，诸事安康。That you, found a girl and youre marri

2、ed now.遇佳人，不久婚嫁。I heard that your dreams came true. 已闻君，得偿所愿。Guess she gave you things, I didnt give to you. 料得是，卿识君望。Old friend, why are you so shy?旧日知己，何故张皇？It aint like you to hold back or hide from the lie.遮遮掩掩，欲盖弥彰。I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited.客有不速，实非我所想。But I couldnt stay away,

3、I couldnt fight it. 避之不得，遑论与相抗。Id hoped youd see my face and that youd be reminded, 异日偶遇，识得依稀颜。That for me, it isnt over.再无所求，涕零而泪下。Never mind, Ill find someone like you. 毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。I wish nothing but the best, for you too. 抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。Dont forget me, I beg, I remember you said:勿忘昨日，亦存君言于肺腑。“Some

4、times it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead”“情堪隽永，也善心潮掀狂澜。”Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead, yeah. 情堪隽永，也善心潮掀狂澜，然。1.2 广告词翻译The Globe brings you the world in a single copy.一册在手,纵览全球。(环球杂志) Intel Inside.(Intel Pentium)给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。（英特尔奔腾）Good to the last drop滴滴香浓，意犹未尽

5、。（麦斯威尔咖啡）Philips: Sense and simplicity飞利浦:精于心简于形Where there is a way, there is a Toyota.车到山前必有路，有路必有丰田车。1.3 翻译腔噢，我的上帝啊。我拿起床头的闹钟一看，从床上跳了起来。“该死的今天又起晚了！”“嗨爱丽丝，噢，真该死，是的对不起，我今天又起晚了。嘿听着，你能不能，额.帮我请个假？我打算10点去上课，没错，这真是棒极了”。二、翻译方法：直译与意译结合（见ppt）直译死译，逐字译意译随意译三、翻译策略：拆分与组合原则：把主句与从句拆分出来，把主干部分与修饰部分拆分出来。例1：Social sc

6、ience is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors (in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.) （2003年62题）拆分:句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry定

7、语从句：which 后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science方式状语：in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner 是方式状语, 其中的reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned是并列定语，修饰manner;定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 是定语从句，其先行词是manner；拆分后的句子结构是：Social science is tha

8、t branch of intellectual enquirywhich seeks to study humans and主句定语从句their endeavorsin the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned方式状语mannerthat natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.断句译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。例2:Beethovens habi

9、t of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.句子的主语：Beethovens habit of.，两个并列动词ing做主语。表语：only rarely used by composers before him拆分：Beethovens habit of increasing the volume with an intense

10、crescendo and/then 并列主语1abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage/ wasonly rarely used by composers 并列主语2 before him.练习1We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - that of direct tuition or schoo

11、ling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.（09）练习2Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which

12、 we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. (13)练习3Allens contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous n

13、ature.（11）四、词的译法1、转性在翻译过程中，根据译文语言的习惯进行词性转换，如：把原文中的名词转换为动词或形容词，把原文中的副词转换为介词例：1）I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.2) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.3) He is a beautiful dancer4) He is the murderer of his boss.5)

14、It was an informative meeting.An informative lectureAre you a mind reader or what？How do you know what Im thinking?An eloquent speaker 2、增减所谓词的增减，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的词，或者把译文中不需要的词在翻译过程中加以省略。1） 增词1 After the football match, hes got an important meeting在观看足球赛之后，他有一个重要会议去参加。2 Basically, the theories proposed

15、,among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light；.就其基本内容而言，这一学说提出的论点包括：光速是宇宙中最快的速度；3 This great scientist was born in New England. 这位伟大的科学家出生于美国东北部的新英格兰。New York, New Prague, MinnesotaNew MexicoNew Berlin, WINew Haven, IndianaNew Hope, Minnesota2） 略词1 中国足球的落后状态必须

16、改变。The (state / condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. 2 在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。We must avoid making (unnecessary) mistakes in our work.3、换形英汉两种语言由于有着截然不同的文化背景，在习惯表达上也就存在着较大的差距，我们不得不在翻译中经常改换表达的形式。1 You say he works hard; so he does.你说他和努力，对，他确实很努力。2 You can stand on your han

17、ds, so can I.你会倒立，我也会倒立。3 Her father is a famous professor, but I cant find any scholarly pretense in him. 她父亲是一位知名教授，但我没有从她父亲身上看到故作姿态的学者派头。（代词指代的对象要交代清楚）4 I dont like smoking; it is no good to health.我不喜欢抽烟，抽烟对身体没好处。5 The whole project was completed in a quarter of a year. 整个过程在三个月就完成了。6 Four score

18、 and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation. 八十七年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创建了一个新的国家。A quarter of a century agoIn the first ten days of MarchIn the last ten days of JulyOver 60 years oldIn her seventies.The past five centuries4、具体抽象1）抽象具体词：Management 管理-管理层/人员Press 出版出版物，报纸，杂志，出

19、版社Retirement 退休退休处，幽静地方，偏僻地方Very timid 非常胆小胆小如鼠Keep quiet 不吱声噤若寒蝉例句：1 We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water. 我们决不能忽视水的蒸发作用。2 All the people were angered by his fault-finding.大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了3 Her jealousy is the cause of her failure.他的嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。4 There had been too much violence

20、in that region 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件5 The government is doing the best to ease the tension in that area.政府正在竭尽全力缓和那个地区的紧张局势。6 The Crime sent him into notoriety. 这一罪行使他落入了声名狼藉的境地2）具体抽象词：lick ones boots 巴结，讨好be in ones pocket 被某人操纵wear ones heart on ones sleeve 表露感情get cold feet 胆怯mend ones fences 改善关系poke on

21、es nose into sth谦虚态度 modesty无知的表现 innocence残暴行为 brutality黔驴技穷 at ones wits end单枪匹马 all by oneself例句：1 He is a rolling stone. I dont think he can go far.他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。2 The society held its meeting behind closed doors.这个社团秘密开会。3 By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband

22、.她用这种手段离间这对夫妻。4 The matter was finally settled under the table.事情终于私下解决了。5 我不敢班门弄斧 I dare not show off in the presence of an expert.6 他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟会出现这么多拦路虎。 He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way.五、句子的译法1. 换序英语与汉语在语法结构上有许多差别。在翻译的过程中，我们经常需要更换原文词语的先后次序。根据译文的语言习惯，对原文的词序进行

23、调整，使译文做到最大程度上的通顺，这就是换序译法。1 About 1840， a canal was constructed across the meadows of the Marsh Farm.大约在1840年，横穿马什农场的草地上开凿了一条新的运河。2 Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一有什么困难，请给我们捎个信。3 Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and diffic

24、ult.他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。4 Its not your fault that this has happened.发生这样的事不是你的错。5 He witnessed the sixth post-war crisis of serious consequence that prevailed in various fields.他目睹了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各领域的经济危机。2. 断句译法 把一些又长又复杂的句子断开分成几个短句，是翻译中经常采用的方法。1 Social science is that branch of intellectual e

25、nquiry/ which seeks to study humans and their endeavors / in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.2 Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism/which, (in its strongest form), states that language

26、 imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.3. 转态译法所谓转态译法，就是在翻译过程中把原文中的被动语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。英：被动语态多中：主动语态多1 Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -2

27、a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.3 it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” -4 The visitor was flattered and impressed. 5 马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane tr

28、ees. 6 人生的道路虽然漫长，但紧要处常常只有几步，特别是当人年轻的时候。Although the road of life is long, its most important sections are often covered in only a few steps，especially when a person is young.4. 正反译法（见ppt）原文中正说的句子进行翻译时可能不得不处理成反说，也可能处理成正说反说皆可，只是处理成反说更好一些。反之亦然。1 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior

29、 will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.2 Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?3 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 4 他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。5 The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never disserted him.6 他提前

30、三天到达时我们没有想到的。His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation2000年-2016年考研英语翻译题00年Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying

31、 measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly