全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题.pdf

1、12018 考研英语（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）考研英语（一）真题及参考答案（完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,its a necessary condition 1 many worthwhilethings:child

2、care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your 2,in the wrong place oftencarries a high 3.4,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individualor an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggersthe herding

3、instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another.Scientists have found that exposure8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9:In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the nosesof half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money tostrangers than were

4、their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study foundthat children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The t

5、ester would ask,“Whats in here?”before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,“Wow!”Each subjectwas then invited to look 15.Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container wasempty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were 1

6、8 to cooperate with thetester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19,only five of the 30children paired with the“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.A onB likeC forD from2.A faithB concernC attentionD interest3.A benefitB debtC hopeD price4.A Therefore

7、B ThenC InsteadDAgain5.A UntilB UnlessCAlthoughD When6.A selectsB producesC appliesD maintains7.A consultB competeC connectD compare8.A atB byC ofD to9.A contextB moodC periodD circle10.A counterpartsB substitutesC colleaguesD supporters11.A FunnyB LuckyC OddD Ironic12.A monitorB protectC surpriseD

8、delight13.A betweenB withinC towardD over14.A transferredB addedC introducedD entrusted215.A outB backC aroundD inside16.A discoveredB provedC insistedD remembered17.A betrayedB wrongedC fooledD mocked18.A forcedB willingC hesitantD entitled19.A In contrastBAs a resultC On the wholeD For instance20.

9、A inflexibleB incapableC unreliableD unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one

10、that will probably gounmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of beingautomated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionatelysquee

11、zed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots.But manymiddle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering have aroused theirinterest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological

12、upheaval has benefited workersin the past.The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced bymechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand b

13、y driving downprices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workersmay need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums from grammar schoo

14、l to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complexcommunication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills andhelping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.Itcould make extra

15、 training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills willbe able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fadingbusiness dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of dr

16、astictechnological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine laborand machines.The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and laborincome,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut,3and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: