科技英语.docx

1、科技英语第一章 概论一、科技英语翻译的标准 准确规范，通顺易懂, 简洁明晰。准确规范Samples 1We shall mention here two temperature scales, namely, the Fahrenheit scale and the Centigrade scale.Oil and gas will continue to be our chief source of fuel.Three of Archimedess extant works are devoted to plane geometry.Translate by yourself 1:1The

2、 power plant is the heart of a ship.发电设备是船只的核心。2The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.驱动这些机器的动力装置是一个50马力的发动机。3The largest and most expensive products can not, because of their size, be testable in the factory. 这个大型又昂贵的产品由于它的型号问题不能在这间工厂里测试，通顺易懂Samples 2A more common way o

3、f joining these metal pieces together is to weld them.Molten salts range from ideally ionic fluids to molecular melts and liquid.These compressors have proved themselves useful in a variety of ways in installations where large volumes of air or other gases are compressed.Translate by yourself 2:1Sem

4、iconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.被称为晶体管的半导体装置正在许多应用中取代电子管。2Cramped conditions mean that passengers legs cannot move around freely.狭窄的情况下乘客无法自由走动。3All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.所有的身体都有重量，占据空间。简洁明晰Samples 3It is forbidden to dis

5、mantle it without permission so as to avoid any damage to its parts.It should be realized that magnetic forces and electric forces are not the same.All living things must, by reason of physiological limitations, die. Translate by yourself 3：1The removal of minerals from water is called softening.去除矿

6、物的水被称为软水。2The smelting reduction process can be applied for the production of iron as well as ferroalloys.未经熔炼的铁也被称为铁合金。二、翻译的一般方法1、直译与意译2、合译与分译3、增译与省译4、顺译与倒译直译与意译Samples 4Read a book on a new subject and change your daily newspaper.The combustion often produces hot condensed particles.We can get mor

7、e current from cells connected in parallel.If the rate of the back-ward reaction becomes significant, the rate laws become more complex.The law of reflection holds good for all surfaces.Translate by yourself 4:1Both pumps have excellent metering performance and high vacuum lift. 泵都有好的计量性和高真空高度。2Eins

8、teins relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 爱因斯坦的相对论是唯一能解释如此现象的理论。3All four outer planets probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.这四个外部行星都可能含有金属芯，硅酸盐和水。4Part adjustment and repair must be performed on a regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be

9、 the end product.产品的部分调整和要求必须按合格的原则履行，即使一件合意的印刷品即将完成。合译与分译 Samples 5Leaves are to the plants，what lungs are to the animals. The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.With the same number of protons, all nuclei of a given element may have differe

10、nt numbers of neutrons.An infected mother can pass AIDS on to her child during pregnancy or childbirthTranslate by yourself 5:1There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized.有些金属拥有导电的和磁化的能力。2. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.医生化验了贫血症

11、患者的血液样品。3. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.太阳大小的明显变化是由接近地平线处空气中的灰尘导致的。4. These fragments of rock and iron range from a thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.这些岩石和钢铁的碎片的半径从几千公里到一公里不等。增译与省译Samples 6A drilled hole can be made accurate and

12、smooth by a reamer. The amount of cell respiration depends upon the degree of activity of the organism. Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction The purpose of this chapter is to describe the various fasteners or tabulate available sizes. The

13、 chips wedged between the holder and the workpiece. In solids the force of attraction between the molecules is so great that the arrangement of the molecules becomes rigid. Little information is given about the origin of life. It does not matter whether we use ball bearings or plain bearing. The inn

14、er and outer rings are graded and stored according to sizes. Translate by yourself 6:1Breeding of hummingbirds takes place in May and June.蜂鸟的繁殖在每年的五月和六月。2Cartography is the science of making maps. 制图学是制作地图的一门技术。3Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 我们发现自然界中的许多元素是不

15、同同位素的混合物。4The average current serves as a useful criterion in determining the energy transfer.平均电流在电能传输的过程中作为有效的标准。5The best solution is to continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmosphere.改善环境最好的办法是继续减少所有污染源的排放。6That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental law of electricity.像“流向相同的电流互斥，流向不同的电流相吸”是电的一个基本原理。顺译与倒译 Samples 7The nylon nut must not protrude above the metal surface. The sodium silicate makes the cork stick to the mold surface. Space programs demand tremendous quantities of liquid hydrogen and oxygen a