Unit1FamousUniversities课文翻译大学体验英语二.docx

1、Unit1FamousUniversities课文翻译大学体验英语二Unit1FamousUniversities课文翻译大学体验英语二Unit 1 Famous UniversitiesPassage A Oxford UniversityOxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the worlds most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100s. It is

2、located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London.The university has over 16,300 students (1999-20XX 年 ), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various

3、 religious groups. Three of the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges,St. Hildas and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women.At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by itsown head and fellows. Most fellows are colle

4、ge instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its ownbuildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the c

5、olleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students.Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the students program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see othe

6、r tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors.The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in th

7、e arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects.The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. Th

8、e British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain.The competition for scholarships and grants is, however, extremely strong and there are usually strict requirements. Students should check careful

9、ly that they are eligible to apply fora particular scholarship before making an application as most of the schemes are restricted to certain nationalities and/or programs.The students and staff at Oxford are actively involved in over 55 initiatives (20XX 年), including visits to more than 3,700 schoo

10、ls and colleges, to encourage the brightest andbest students to apply to Oxford, whatever their background. The university has been named the UKs most innovativeuniversity in the Launchit 20XX 年 competition, which aimed to discover which British university has demonstrated the greatest achievements

11、in innovation and enterprise across the broadest range of activity. In the national Teaching Quality Assessmentexercises for 20XX 年, Oxford was awarded top marks in six out of ten subjects assessed.Oxford, Stanford and Yale Universities have recently become partners in a joint distance learning vent

12、ure, the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, which will provide online courses in the arts and sciences.The mission of Oxford is to aim at achieving and maintaining excellence in every area of its teaching and research, maintaining and developing its historical position as a world-class university, and

13、enriching the international, national, and regional communities through the fruits of its research and the skills of its graduates.In support of this aim the university will provide the facilities and support for its staff to pursue innovative research by responding to developments in the intellectu

14、al environment and society at large; and promote challenging and rigorous teaching which benefits from a fruitful interaction with the research environment, facilitating the exchange of ideas through tutorials and small-group learning and exploiting the Universitys resources in its libraries, museum

15、s, and scientific collections, to equip its graduates to play their part at a national and international level.PA 牛津大学牛津大学是英国最古老的大学， 也是世界最有名的高等学府。牛津大学始建于 12 世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。牛津大学有 16,300 多名学生（ 199920XX 年），此中留学生占快要四分之一。他们来自 130 多个国家。牛津大学有 35 个学院，还有 5 个由不一样宗教集体成立的个人学院。 5 个个人学院中，有 3 个只招男生。学院中，圣

16、希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生，其余均为男女兼收。牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体， 由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师，其余的是大学教授和讲课老师。 每个学院管理自己的房产和财产， 遴选自己的管委会， 选择和招收自己的本科生。 大学供给某些图书室、实验室和其余设备，但教课和学生生活主要由各学院负责。牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师， 他主要经过指导课监察学生的学习。 导师每周和 1 到 2 名学生会面一次， 学生如需专业指导，还能够去约见其余的导师， 也可选听大学老师讲解的课程。学生选听什么课程是依据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。学位由大学授与， 而不是各个学院。 最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。 牛津还在其余众多学科领域授与最高的学位， 颁发文凭和证书。罗兹德奖