GRE.docx

1、GREGRE寫作補充講義一、 人物Michelangelo 米開朗琪羅Euclid 歐機裡德Archimedes 阿基米德AristotleGalileoKeplerCopernicusBrunoPtolemyIsaac NewtonColumbusThomas EdisonEinstein(Zurich 蘇黎世)Marie curie(Pierre)Radioactivity is the starting point for cancer treatment, for the dating techniques used on ancient objects, rocks and the

2、universe, and for molecular biology and modern genetics; it is also the source of nuclear energy and the atomic bomb.Frank BormanIn 1970, Apollo astronaut Frank Borman embarked on a 12-nation fact-finding mission to determine the fate of American servicemen missing in Vietnam. Though his search prov

3、ed fruitless, he told Congress, I beg you not to forsake your countrymen who have given so much for you. Stephen hawking(A Brief History of Time ;suffer from ALS)Descartes 笛卡爾Kant-kantianism康得Hegelian-HegelianismSchopenhauer 叔本華（German philosopher）Socrates Plato以下選自英國文學史：Geoffrey ChaucerWilliam Shak

4、espeare-Hamlet,Sonnet, Francis Bacon-Of Truth, Of Studies,John Milton-Paradise LstJohn Bunyan-The Pilgrims ProgressDaniel Defoe-Robinson CrusoeJonathan Swift-Gullivers TravelsRobert Burns-A Red, Red RoseWilliam WordsworthGeorge Gordon, Lord ByronShelleyJohn KeatsWalter ScottJane Austen- Pride and Pr

5、ejudiceCharles DickensCharlotte Bronte-Jane EyreEmily Bronte-Wuthering HeightsThamos HardyBernard ShawLawrence-Sons and Lovers以下選自美國文學史：Benjamin FranklinThomas Jefferson- The Declaration of IndependenceWashington Irving -The Legend of Sleepy HollowEmersonHenry David ThoreauHenry Wadsworth LongmanWal

6、t WhitmanEmily DicksonHarriet Beecher StoweMark Twain- The adventures of Tom Sawyer O Henry- The Cop and the AnthemHenry James-The Portrait of a LadyJack London- The Sea Wolf, Martin EdenErnest Heminway - A Farewell to ArmsJohn Steinbeck - The Grapes of WrathLeonardo da VinciBach 巴赫BeethovenMozartTi

7、me-WarnerRolling StonesRock-and-RollBeetlesDaliPicassoAndy WarholRodins The ThinkerGeorge BushOn January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of Operation Desert Storm, a massive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq in the Persian Gulf. In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S. troops into So

8、malia, a nation devastated by drought and civil war. The peacekeeping mission would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly called it off in 1993. Jimmy CarterPresident Carters policy of placing human rights records at the forefront of Americas relationships with othe

9、r nations contributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1970s. In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out of Cuba by the countrys citizens. The United States welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence suggested that C

10、astro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons. Neville ChamberlainIn 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hitler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, peace in our time. Eleven months afte

11、r the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the peace in Europe by invading Poland. A solemn Chamberlain had no choice but to declare war, and World War II began in Europe. Winston ChurchillIn the early 1930s, Conservative M.P. Winston Churchill issued unheeded warnings of the threat of Nazi agg

12、ression from his seat on a House of Commons backbench. With German tanks racing across France, Churchill spoke to the British people for the first time as prime minister, and pledged a struggle to the last breath against Nazi conquest and oppression. In the summer of 1940, the democracies of contine

13、ntal Europe fell to Germany one by one, leaving Great Britain alone in its resistance to Adolf Hitler. The Nazi leader was confident that victory against Britain would come soon, but Churchill prophesied otherwise, telling his countrymen that the Battle of Britain would be their finest hour. Bill Cl

14、intonIn 1994, President Clinton authorized a military operation to overthrow Haitis military dictators and restore its democratically elected leader. On the eve of invasion, bloodshed was prevented when former president Jimmy Carter brokered an agreement with Haitis leaders in which they pledged to

15、give up power. Dwight D. EisenhowerOn June 5, 1944, the supreme Allied commander ordered commencement of the D-Day invasion, the largest combined sea, air, and land military operation in history. Eisenhower told the 3 million men of the Allied Expeditionary Force, The eyes of the world are upon you!

16、 In 1956, Israel, Britain, and France invaded Egypt in protest of its nationalization of the Suez Canal. The U.S.S.R. and the United States, both vying for greater influence in the Middle East, forced the three nations to end their occupation of the strategic canal. Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret

17、During the Battle of Britain, the children of King George VI delivered a radio address to British children who had been evacuated abroad. Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, like their parents, weathered the dark days of World War II in Britain. Gerald FordNine days before the fall of Saigon, Preside

18、nt Ford spoke on the resignation of South Vietnamese President Thieu. Soon after, the United States launched a massive helicopter evacuation of tens of thousands of anticommunist South Vietnamese and the last few Americans remaining in the country. Mohandas GandhiIn 1931, Gandhi, the political and s

19、piritual leader of the Indian independence movement, was released from prison to attend the London Round Table Conference on India as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. Mikhail GorbachevAs leader of the U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev was a great force for peace, even at the cost o

20、f the Soviet governments downfall after 74 years in power. Adolf HitlerA few days before his occupation of the Sudetenland, a confident Hitler addressed a Nazi rally at Berlins Sportpalast stadium, and reassured the crowd that if war came with Britain and France the German Wehrmacht would be victori

21、ous. Pope John Paul IIIn 1995, the pope addressed the United Nations on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. Reaffirming his support of the ideals and goals of the U.N., he praised the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called for the U.N. to become the moral center of a family of nations. J

22、ohn F. KennedyAt their 1961 summit meeting, Soviet leader Khrushchev greatly underestimated President Kennedy, who was not about to break his inaugural vow to pay any price, bear any burden to protect democracy in the world. Nikita Khrushchev and Richard NixonIn a defining moment of the Cold War, Vi

23、ce President Nixon and Soviet leader Khrushchev engaged in an impromptu debate about the merits and disadvantages of capitalism and communism. The exchange, which took place in Moscow in front of a replica of a suburban American kitchen, was known as the Kitchen Debate. Douglas MacArthurOn September

24、 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the most destructive war in human history officially came to an end as representatives of the Japanese government and military signed their countrys unconditional surrender. After clashing with President Truman over war policy, MacArthur was relieved o

25、f his command of U.N. forces in Korea and returned to the U.S. for the first time since before World War II. Given a heros welcome, he addressed a joint meeting of Congress, where he declared, Old soldiers never die, they just fade away. Richard NixonIn 1973, after five years of talks, the United St

26、ates and North Vietnam reached a peace agreement to end U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Two years later, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese forces and Vietnam was unified under Communist rule. Ronald ReaganIn 1984, Reagan called for an international ban on chemical weapons. Six years later, President Bush

27、 and Soviet leader Gorbachev would sign a historic agreement to cease production and begin destruction of both nations sizable reserves. In 1987, during a visit to Berlin, the president made a dramatic plea to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down the Berlin Wall. Two years later, Berliners w

28、ould do so on their own accord. Franklin D. RooseveltThe day after Japans attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress, and proclaimed December 7 a date which will live in infamy. With only one dissent, Congress granted his request for an official declaration of

29、war against Japan. Two months before his death, Roosevelt met Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin for the last time at Yalta in the U.S.S.R. The Big Three leaders discussed military considerations in the war against Germany and Japan, and compromised on their visions of the postwar world order. Tito

30、In 1963, Tito, the independent-minded communist leader of Yugoslavia since 1945, visited the United States during a tour of the Americas. Harry TrumanThree days after the bombing of Hiroshima, President Truman warned Japan of further atomic attacks until it surrendered. When no answer came, he autho

31、rized the dropping of a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Six days later, Japan surrendered. In 1949, Truman signed the North Atlantic Treaty with 10 European nations and Canada-establishing the NATO military alliance. 二、Events 1.Medicine and biology1348: Black PlagueThe bubonic plague killed one third of Europes population between 1348 and 1350, making it the most deadly epidemic since the sixth century. With no cure available, and no clue as to what caused the disease, many believed it was Gods punishment for sinful behavior. The plague had a massive effect on every aspect of soci