旧托福听力听写必备.docx

1、旧托福听力听写必备旧托福听力Part C2004年8月演讲1：Id like to share with you today my experience with a new approach to building a house. Its called Envelop Building. Essentially, what it means is that as you are building a house, you try to leave the landscape feature on the land, especially the vegetation in the orig

2、inal condition. So what you are not doing is the usual practice of land scraping. By which I mean literally scraping or cleaning the land of any and all the original plants. Why is the approach called Envelop Building? Because instead of clearing everything away, you let your original landscape elem

3、ents envelop or surround your house. Let the vegetation physical features such as hills and slopes or interesting rock formations, constituted a significant part of the character of the building sight. The design of the house should take these features of the property into account. Actually integrat

4、ing your original wild landscape with a house is not that new. The famous American architect Wright was doing it about 65 years ago. So we are in good company. Envelop Building is not as easy as it sounds though. Its not just that you build your house and leave the land alone. By building, you are a

5、lready damaging the original landscape. But as architects, we should try to work with environment, not against it. A creative architect can find ways to incorporate natural landscape into the overall design. For example, why used the massive boulders on the side of one of the most famous houses as p

6、art of the house foundation?演讲2：Today we are going to talk about copyrighting works of art. A copyright is a proof of authorship. It protects artists against someone else using their work without their permission. Its important to remember that United States Copyright Law protects artistic expressio

7、ns such as paintings, but does not protect any ideas, concept, procedure or technique. In all the United States Copyright Law, Artists needed to take several steps to obtain copyright protection. The law as changed in 1978 and again 1989. For artists the current law means everything they create is a

8、utomatically and immediately copyrighted. They dont have to file any documents and under the protection of the Copyright Law, any recreation of their original work such as prints are also covered by the artists copyright. Further more, any changes artists made to their original works are covered. Th

9、e Law also makes it clear that when someone buys the work of art, they are not allowed to destroy or change that work of art. Artists keep the copyright even after selling the work of art. The purchaser may buy the physical work, but the right to make prints or copies is still the artists and buyers

10、 does not automatically have any right to make and sell prints or copies of work. Although works are automatically copyrighted, artists are encouraged to register their work with United States Copyright Office. Registering art provides additional legal protection and also gives the people around the

11、 world the ability to approach the honors about licensing and purchasing right.演讲3：Today lets talk about synesthesia, thats a brain condition in which a persons senseare combined in a unusual ways. For example, a person with synesthesia may taste sounds. To them, a musical note may taste like a pick

12、le. Many people who have synesthesia experience intense colors when they hear specific words. For example, they might see a flash of pink every time they hear the word “jump”. For a long time, many scientists were unconvinced that synesthesia really exists. So in the 1990s an experiment was done to

13、find our for sure. Two groups were studied. One was a group of people who claim to experience colors when they heard certain words. The other was a controlled group, people who experience nothing out of the ordinary when hearing words. Each group was asked to describe the colors they thought of when

14、 they heard a list of spoken words. When the test was repeated, the difference between the two groups was startling. After just a week, the controlled group gave the same answers only a third of the time. But even a year and a half later, the synesthetic group gave the same answers 92% of the time.

15、Clearly, this is not just a matter of memory. Scientists are still not sure just why synesthesia happens. But certain drugs are reportedly able to produce it artificially. So we all probably have brains with connections that could synesthesia. Its just the connections normally we used in that way.20

16、04年5月演讲1：Today lets consider the neutrino and the resolves of some experiments down in the 1995 at the Los Alamos national laboratory in New Mexico, which bear on the neutrino. These resolves suggest that this little particle does indeed have mass that tiny bet to be sure but measurable by the very

17、sensitive instruments of that lab. The neutrinos origin has always been an interesting case, though a case not unusual in the history of physics. As you know, ordinarily scientific observation precedes scientific theory. Ocean tides were observed, ocean tides were explained; gravity is observed, gra

18、vity is explained. However, lets consider what happened in the neutrinos case. When the neutrino was proposed over sixty years ago, it was a convenient fiction. Scientists had not observed such a particle nor even as a fact. So what let them to conceive of this imaginary object? They had been writin

19、g equations about neutron decay in which the energy amounts on each side of their equations were unequal. In order to keep this energy amounts the same on both sides of the equations, they added little particle named neutrino and gave it precisely enough energy to balance the equations and the loan

20、be hold years later. About thirty-five years ago real neutrinos were found. Now we have the more recent developments. Originally, the neutrino was thought not to have any mass at all. But Los Alamos experiments seem to disprove this premise. They indicated that neutrinos do have massabout one-millio

21、nth the mass of electron.演讲2：The forests of New England constituted both are resource and barrier for the first British settlers who reach these shores. In addition to the maples, firs, oaks and birches were white pines whose scientific name is Pinus strobus. These white pines were straight and tall

22、, perfect for use as masts on the sailing ships of the time. Britain had used up its supply of mast trees, so is eager for this product of its young colony. By the first load of masts reached Britain in 1634 and Britain was marveled the size of the trees, which had diameters of up to 4 feet at the w

23、ide end. For every yard of mast height, the body end needed to be one inch in diameter. In1705, Britain passed a law stating that all white pines over 24 inches at the body end were reserved for the use of kings navy. Such trees were marked by blazing the kings arrow symbol on the tree with three cu

24、ts of the hatchet. These trees were selected by the surveyor general, whose work often met with resistances of colonists.演讲3：Now the Australia jumping spider as you can image got its name for its ability to leap. But it can swim too. Whats most interesting though is its ability to use try and error

25、tactics when solving problems. Now the jumping spider attacks and eats other spiders. Itll sit at the edge of another spiders web and attract the spider by tapping out different signals to mimic the struggles of a trapped insect and itll keep changing the signals till successfully lured its prey out

26、. Well, to see if the jumping spider could apply the same problem solving technique, try and error to unfamiliar situations, scientists conducted an experiment. They field a trap full of water and then put some sand in the middle, like an island. In between the island and the edge of the trap, they

27、put a rock. When they put the spider on the island, some tried jumping to the rock, and some tried swimming. All the spiders that successfully reached the rock either by jumping or by swimming use the same method to make it from the rock to the edge of the tree. If the spider failed to reach the roc

28、k, it was placed back on the island, but the next time they try to leave, spiders did opposite of whatever didnt work the first time, leaping if it had swum, or swimming if it had leaped. So we see the spiders using the same try and error in crossing the water as they used in hunting.04年1月：演讲1：Im go

29、ing to pass this piece of amber around so you can see this spider trapped inside it. Its a good example of amber-inclusion, one of the inclusions that scientists are interested in these days. This particular piece is estimated to be about 20 million years old. Please be extremely careful not to drop

30、 it. Amber shatters as easily as glass. One thing I really like about amber is its beautiful golden color.Now, how does the spider get in there? Amber is really fossilized tree resin. Lots of chunks of amber contain insects like this one or animal parts like feathers or even plants. Here is how it h

31、appens. The resin oozes out of the tree and the spider or leaf gets incased in it. Over millions and millions of years, the resin hardens and fossilizes into the semiprecious stone you see here.Ambers can be found in many different places around the world. But the oldest deposits are right here in t

32、he United States, in Appalachian. Its found in several other countries, too, though right now scientists are most interested in amber coming from the Domincian Republic. Because it has a great any inclusions, something like one insect inclusion for every one hundred pieces. One possible explanation

33、for this it that the climate is tropical and a greater variety of number of insects thrive in tropics than in other places. Whats really interesting is the scientists are now able to recover DNA from these fossils and study the genetic material for important clues to revolution.演讲2：Now weve been talking about the revolutionar