高考英语解题技技巧及例题.docx

1、高考英语解题技技巧及例题时间+汗水效果 苦学、蛮学不如巧学 快速学好高中英语。第一部分 高中英语解题方法和技巧总论 排除干扰法、句子分析法、结构还原法、补全信息法、寻找标志法、语境分析法、情景交际法、标点符号法、分析对比法、对号入座法、文化背景分析法、直接代入法、词义辨析法、待定法、简化法、逆向思维法、关键词语法、综合分析法、后退一步法、逻辑推理法、关键信息法、固定搭配法、典型句型法、词语定义法、因果关系法、常识联想法、构词猜义法、语境线索法、标点格式暗示法、直接就题找文法、同义互释法、多点归纳法、数据推算法、逻辑关系梳理法、定位法、图示分析法、推理判断法、主题分析法、意向推测法、标题归纳法、

2、指代判定法、瞻前顾后法 第二部分 快速巧记英语单词第一节 记忆概述第二节 单词记忆的常用方法 一、运用读音规则记忆法 二、拼读记忆法 三、构词记忆法 四、字母组合变化记忆法 五、比较记忆法 六、联想记忆法 七、分类记忆法 八、语境记忆法 九、图表记忆法 十、对称思维法记忆 十一、感官记忆法 十二、游戏记忆法 十三、卡片记忆法 十四、LRHRW单词综合记忆 十五、转换串联记忆法第三部分 听力大提高第四部分 高中英语实用语法第五部分 短文改错的解题技巧第六部分 完型填空解题技巧第七部分 阅读理解第八部分 书面表达速成第九部分 其他题型抢分技巧 第一部分 高中英语解题方法和技巧总论一、排除干扰法对于

3、一些高考试题，可以根据题干中提供的信息，先把与句子意义和结构无关的或明显不符合语境和逻辑的选项排除，最后就可以根据语境，选择符合题意的正确答案。这是单选题的最常用的方法。【例如】1Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged . 江苏卷Abeyond reach Bbeyond repair Cbeyond control Dbeyond description【巧解】B， 本题考查交际用语和介词beyond的用法。题意为：“为什么你建议我们买一台新机器呢?”“因为这台旧的已经坏掉了，无

4、法修理了。”beyond reach“够不着”；beyond control“控制不了”；beyond description “无法描述”。三者都不合题意，因而可以排除。本题要注意对句意的理解。出题者把介词beyond放在具体的语言环境中考查了其作状语的用法，提高了对句意理解的要求。2Everything was perfect for the picnic the weather 浙江卷Ain place of B. as well as Cexcept for D. in case of【巧解】C ， 本题考查的是词组辨析。in place of “代替，取代”；as well as “

5、又，也，还”；except for “除之外”，表示在说明了基本（整体）情况之后，再对细节进行说明；in case of“万一，假使”。本句的意思是：除天气之外，所有情况都非常适合野炊。从而排除A、B、D。在本句中，可以将“天气”看成是“所有情况”当中的一个细节，故选C项。3Students are always interested in finding out they can go with a new teacher. 安徽卷Ahow far Bhow soon C how often Dhow long【巧解】A.，本题考查四个副词短语的区别。How far有两个用法，其一是用于对距

6、离的提问；其二是询问到什么程度或范围。how soon询问多久以后；how often询问频率；how long询问多长时间。本题是说学生们想知道他们与新来的教师会相处得如何，how far 表示程度，修饰go with a new teacher正好符合题意，从而排除B、C、D。在解此题时要注意四个近似副词短词之间用法的区别。【巧练】1.The children went home from the grammar school, their lesson _for the day.A finishing B finished C had finished D were finished 2

7、.The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was!上海卷 A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene3.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_. 陕西卷 :A. need repairing B. needs t

8、o repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair二、句子分析法句子分析法就是对句子进行语法分析,找出主语.谓语等句子成分,分清主句,从句部分,把握句子主干,掌握主旨大意。因为高考试题设疑方式越来越巧妙，一些重要的信息经常隐含在题干中，这要求考生培养敏锐的观察能力和细致的分析问题的能力。【例如】1 .There is too much difficulty he thinks he will have _ the critical customers in the shopping center where hes working now .A. dea

9、l with B. dealing with C. to deal with D. to do with【巧解】通过分析句子结构可知he thinks he will have . 是一个定语从句，修饰的先行词是difficulty。由此我们可以联想句式sb. have/has difficulty in doing sth.，在本句中即he thinks he will have too much difficulty in dealing with the critical customers 这一定语从句。故该题选B。2. matters most in learning English

10、 is enough practice.A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 【巧解】仔细分析本题的句子结构,不难看出考查的是主语从句，并且从句中缺少主语，因此该题应选A。3.I smell somethingin the kitchen. Can I Call you back in a minute ?A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt【巧解】“感官动词+宾语+补语”这一结构中，补语的形式要看其与宾语的关系；由题中something发出burn的动作可知答案为 A。【巧练】1. Professor

11、Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A. work B. working C. is working D. are working2Well never forget the important role he in international affairs when he was working in UNAplaying Bplayed Cacting Dacted3 .No one except Jack and Tom the answer.A. kno

12、w B. knows C. is knowing D. are known三、结构还原法正确分析、理解和把握句子的结构对语言的运用十分重要，否则就会产生歧义。一些试题设计巧妙，出题人可能会调整试题结构，要么在句中加入插入语，要么用疑问句、倒装句、省略句、感叹句等使简单句式复杂化，从而打破句子的结构和平衡，以增加干扰；或者利用考生急于求成的心理，巧妙地将题目成立的条件前置以增强干扰性和迷惑性。做这类题目时可将句子按正常语序进行还原，并通过分析主，谓，宾等成分来找出正确的选项【例如】1.For many cities in the world ,there is no room to spread

13、 out further,_ New York is an example.四川卷A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which【巧解】C.本题考查非限制性定语从句。从句还原后成为“New York is an example of many cities”,故选介词of。 2.Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _ . 辽宁卷A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I

14、 【巧解】此题考查neither用于句首时的倒装结构。either须和not搭配而neither本身就表示否定,用于句首时句子要倒装。若用either, 还原后的句子应该是“I wasnt happy, either”，故选B项。3.Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss ,not the workers. They just carried out the order_ . 福建卷A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told【巧解】考查省略和被动形式。将该句补全进

15、行还原后的句子应该是They just carried out the order as they were told,故应选A项。 【巧练】1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose to her?A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened2. It was in New Zealand_Elizabeth fist met Mr.Smith.全国卷 A. that B. how C.which D. when3. Har

16、dly the papers on his desk when the door burst open.A. he collected B. he had collected C. did he collect D. had he collected四、补全信息法在一些语境题中常常出现省略形式，尤其是在口语中，这样可以更简捷地表达语义，但是如果判断失误，会造成误解。因此先把省略的部分信息进行补充，然后再分析句子结构，从而全面正确地理解句子，选对正确答案。补全信息法是高考难题命制的一种常用手段。 【例如】1. Having checked the doors were closed, and _

17、all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. .A why B.that C when D where【巧解】 C 本题考查名词性从句的连词区别。题干状语含两个宾语从句，由and 连接，其中第一个宾语从句省略了连接词that, 补全即为：Having checked that the doors were closed, 显然后面and 连接的宾语从句应该与其一致，故一句用了that , 后一句也一样。答案为C。2.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless

18、 _ every day. A .watered B. watering C .water D. to water【巧解】A 本题考查省略句型。根据题意可知本题省略了主语和系动词be, 补全即为：unless they are watered . 其中flowers 与water 之间是被动关系，省略了they are 后，只有A 项是正确。3. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, wanted to buy it.A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. nei

19、ther of whom【巧解】分析句子结构可知，逗号后面为定语从句；又由主句中two people可推断neither of whom正确。答案为A。【巧练】1. I am caught smoking again?You ae sure to be punished.A. What for B. What if C. If only D. Only if2. Having checked the doors were closed, and _all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. .A why B

20、that C when D where3.The flowers his friends gave him will die unless _ every day.A watered B watering C water D to water五、寻找标志法寻找标志法是指仔细分析题干，找出隐含于其中的重要信息。这些信息往往由一定的形式表示，如介词短语、副词或它们在句中所处的位置等。这要求考生要有敏锐的观察能力和细致分析问题的能力。因此答题时必须注重对题干中隐性信息的捕捉。【例如】1.Did you tidy your room?No, I was going to tidy my room bu

21、t I visitors.A. had B. have C. have had D. will have【巧解】“Did”和“was going to”标志着是过去发生的事情。答案为A。2. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left【巧解】By the time 引起从句时，主句需用完成时态，此处表示将来的动作，所以用将来完时。答案：C.3. With the help of high technolo

22、gy, more and more new substances in the past years.A. discovered B. have discovered C. had been discovered D. have been discovered【巧解】in/during the past years 所在的句子要用完成时态，substances 是“被发现”，故用被动形式。【巧练】1.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now. A. hasnt turned B. doesnt turn up C. w

23、ont turn up D. hadnt turned up 2.As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping3.Do you like traveling?Certainly. I to Belgium five months ago, but I anywhere ever since.A. went; didnt go B. have been; dont goC. had been ; havent D.

24、 went ;havent gone六、语境分析法 在高考试题中一个重要的考查方式是考查学生在特定的语境中准确运用语法知识的能力。考题中的语境设置较为自然，灵活，巧妙，要求考生选择的不只是正确答案而是最佳答案，语法上正确的答案不一定是最得体，最合适，最近的答案，也不一定是在现实交际用语中所使用的答案。因此考生必须仔细揣摸句子的用意与情景，准确把握语境的内涵，有针对性地分析语法成分，最后结合语境选出最佳答案。它是结合选项，以分析题干内容为主要手段的答题方法。采用此法时，需要注意语法和语境两个方面。【例如】 :1. Tom, you didnt come to the party last nig

25、ht? 全国卷I_ , but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt【巧解】C.，本题考查动词时态的区别。A 项意为“不得不”，B 项意为“不”；C 项意为“本打算做”；D 项意为“不愿意”。根据语境 but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.可知我是本来打算去的，但想起来还有作业要做，显然只有C 项符合语境要求。2. Have you been wasting time on computer gam

26、es again? 山东卷 . _,Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.A. No way B. Not really C. I dont agree D. I couldnt agree more【巧解】B.，本题考查交际英语运用。根据情景Ive been studying a lot and I need a break,可知我不是在浪费时间玩电脑,故只有B项符合情景。3.Can you read the sign, sir? No smoking allowed in the lift! 全国卷I_.A. Never mind B. Do

27、nt mention it C. Sure, I dont smoke D. Pardon me【巧解】D.， 本题考查交际英语运用。根据情景Can you read the sign, sir! No smoking allowed in the lift! 知对方是善意地提出批评,显然做错事后应该道歉。A项意为没关系 ;B项意为不客气; C项意为当然,我没有抽,显然是属于狡辩;D 项意为对不起。因此,只有D项符合情景要求。【巧练】1We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we each other for

28、 years.辽宁卷A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know2Judy is going to marry the sailor she in Rome last year.重庆卷A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet3So far this year we a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent .2008福建卷A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen七、情景交际法情景交际类试题，一般不涉及语法知识，但有它自己

29、的语境，只要根据语境把说话人的态度和语气分析清楚，就不难选出正确答案。【例如】1Shall we go out for dinner tonight? 浙江卷 .A. You are right B. It must be funny C. That sounds great D. Have a nice time【巧解】C.， 本题考查的是交际用语。Shall we go out for dinner tonight ? 实际上是一个提建议的句子，而不是一般的疑问，这一点必须要特别引起注意。You are right“你是对的”; It must be funny“这肯定很有趣”; That

30、 sounds great“听起来很不错”;Have a nice time“（祝你）玩得愉快”。只有C项符合语境。2.Sorry, I made a mistake again._. Practice more and youll succeed.全国卷 A. Never mind B. Certainly not C. Not at all D. Dont mention it【巧解】A.， Certainly not常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；Not at all和Dont mention it用于别人致谢时代答语。只有Never mind符合语境。句意“对不起，我又出错了。”“没关系，多练习，你就会成功的。”这里考查别人致谢时如何安慰对方。3.I think youd better type this letter again before Mr.Smith sees it.Oh, dear!_ 江西卷A.Who cares? B.No problem. C.I dont mind at all D.Is it as bad as that?【巧解】D，.本题考查情景交际。由“我想你在Mr.Smith看到之前应该把这封信再打印一次”“哦，真的吗?_”可知对方对此不以为然。Is it a