第十二讲爱情短诗与哲理诗.docx

1、第十二讲爱情短诗与哲理诗英美诗歌选读课程教案首页学生专业班级学 时 数教学目的教学内容教学重点教学难点教学进程教学方法教 具课后总结作 业备注：教学进程一栏可根据教学内容的多少自定页数。第十二讲 爱情短诗爱情诗（love poem）是用来表达男女之情的诗歌。爱情是人类永恒的主题，爱情诗历来受欢迎，古往今来的诗人们留下了很多脍炙人口的诗篇。首先如本琼森的致西丽亚：Drink to me, only, with thine eyes,And I will pledge with mine;Or leave a kiss but in the cup,And Ill not look for win

2、e.The thirst, that from the soul doth rise,Doth ask a drink divine:But might I of Joves Nectar sup,I would not change for thine.I sent thee, late, a rosy wreath,Not so much honoring thee,As giving it a hope, that thereIt could not withered be.But thou thereon didst only breathe,And sentst it back to

3、 me:Since when it grows, and smells, I swear,Not of it self, but thee. (Ben Jonson : To Celia)这首诗写得很典雅，写出了姑娘在诗人眼里的神圣高贵。最后一行表现机智，颇有玄学诗的味道。约翰多恩的赠别：莫伤悲既把离别比喻成黄金被打成透明薄叶的延展，又拿圆规的双脚来比一对夫妻，表示虽离别也仍彼此相连，丈夫动妻子也跟着动，因此不必因离别而悲：But we by a love so much refinedThat ourselves know not what it is,Inter-assurd of the

4、 mind,Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss. Our two souls therefore, which are one,Though I must go, endure not yetA breach, but an expansion,Like gold to airy thinness beat.If they be two, they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two;Thy soul, the fixd foot, makes no showTo move, but doth, if

5、th other do.And though it in the center sit,Yet, when the other far doth roam, It leans, and hearkens after it,And grows erect, as that comes home.Such wilt thou be to me, who must,Like th other foot, obliquely run ; Thy firmness makes my circle just,And makes me end where I begun. （John Donne: A Va

6、lidiction: Forbidding Mourning）苏格兰诗人彭斯的我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰是经典爱情诗，他的其他爱情诗也一样不同凡响，如为我打开门，哦：O, open the door some pity to shew,If love it may na be, O:Tho thou hast been false, Ill ever prove true,O, open the door to me, O.Cauld is the blast upon my pale cheek,But caulder thy love for me, O:The frost, that fr

7、eezes the life at my heart,Is nought to my pains frae thee, O.The wan moon sets behind the white wave,And Time is setting with me, O:False friends, false love, farewell! For mairIll neer trouble them or thee, O.She has opend the door, she has opend it wide,She sees the pale corse on the plain, O:“My

8、 true love!” she cried, and sank down by his sideNever to rise again, O. (Robert Burns: Open the Door to Me, O)这是一首关于爱情悲剧的诗。男孩和女孩应该是真心相爱，但由于一些误解，他们之间产生了隔阂。男孩伤心欲绝地来到姑娘的家门口，希望得到恋人的同情，然后告别，等姑娘敞开大门时，却发现男孩已经气绝，姑娘伤心地跟随自己的真爱而去。拜伦的当初我俩告别写的是昔日恋人再次相见时的感受：When we two partedIn silence and tears,Half broken-hear

9、tedTo sever for years,Pale grew thy cheek and cold,Colder thy kiss;Truly that hour foretoldSorrow to this.The dew of the morningSunk chill on my browIt felt like the warningOf what I feel now.Thy vows are all broken,And light is thy fame;I hear thy name spoken,And share in its shame.They name thee b

10、efore me,A knell to mine ear;A shudder comes oer meWhy wert thou so dear?They knew not I knew thee,Who knew thee too wellLong, long shall I rue thee,Too deeply to tell.In secret we metIn silence I grieve,That thy heart could forget,Thy spirit deceive.If I should meet theeAfter long years,How should

11、I greet thee ? With silence and tears. (George Byron: When We Two Parted)两人曾经悄悄相爱，分手时恋恋不舍，依依惜别，但当时的感受已经预示，他们的感情在将来不复存在。不是因为“我”不爱对方，而是对方早变得冷漠，在后来还变得轻浮，没有好名声，熟人们都在背后对此人议论纷纷。对方把过去的一切甜言蜜语和山盟海誓都忘了，两人数年后的相见和今后可能的相见，都只能用沉默和眼泪向对方打招呼了。诗歌的情感表达得真切感人，读后如同亲身经历一般，让人感叹唏嘘。雪莱的致是一首别开生面的情诗：One word is too often profan

12、edFor me to profane it,One feeling too falsely disdainedFor thee to disdain it;One hope is too like despairFor prudence to smother,And pity from thee more dearThan that from another.I can give not what men call love,But wilt thou accept notThe worship the heart lifts aboveAnd the Heavens reject not,

13、The desire of the moth for the star,Of the night for the morrow,The devotion to something afarFrom the sphere of our sorrow? (Shelley: To)明明是求爱，诗歌一开始却不说，到了第二节才出现“爱”，但立即又换成“崇敬”，紧接着是两个比喻，即飞蛾扑火和黑夜追求黎明，这就把爱同理想联系起来了，扩大了意境，使得爱情更加高尚。这首诗表达了一种非常高雅脱俗的对对方爱情的渴求。罗伯特勃朗宁的夜会，抒写了一对热恋的情人的激情幽会：The grey sea and the lon

14、g black land;And the yellow half-moon large and low;And the startled little waves that leapIn fiery ringlets from their sleep,As I gain the cove with pushing prow,And quench its speed i the slushy sand.Then a mile of warm sea-scented beach;Three fields to cross till a farm appears;A tap at the pane,

15、 the quick sharp scratchAnd blue spurt of a lighted match,And a voice less loud, thro its joys and fears,Than the two hearts beating each to each! （Robert Browning: Meeting at Night）此诗写的是“我”在夜里去会情人。“我”先划船沿海前进，过小峡，到海滩，然后上岸步行，过沙滩、田地，到达情人的农舍，“我”在外面敲窗，屋里的情人听到暗号，马上擦火柴，两颗心在欢喜和惊恐中博跳。这一切都描写得很细腻，却到此为止，不落俗套。此

16、诗押韵格式为abccba，属吻韵。叶芝苦恋爱尔兰著名美人莫德冈（Maud Gonne），多次向她求婚，都遭拒绝。为了表达自己的情感，叶芝写了一本书苇间风（The Winds Among the Reeds）献给她,，当你老时就是其中著名的一首：When you are old and grey and full of sleep,And nodding by the fire, take down this book,And slowly read, and dream of the soft lookYour eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;

17、How many loved your moments of glad grace,And loved your beauty with love false or true,But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,And loved the sorrows of your changing face;And bending down beside the glowing bars,Murmur, a little sadly, how love fledAnd placed upon the mountains overheadAnd hid hi

18、s face amid a crowd of star. (W. B. Yeats: When You Are Old)叶芝与莫德冈终未结合，是因为两人政见不一。叶芝是温和派，而莫德冈是激进派，主张积极开展反英武装斗争，而且认为民族解放事业比个人幸福更重要。诗歌所称“朝圣者的心”(the pilgrim soul)就是指莫德冈那一心向往爱尔兰的独立自由、勇往直前的气概。美国女诗人安布拉兹特里特的致我深情的亲爱丈夫表达了一个妻子对丈夫的无限深情和他们夫妻的相亲相爱：If ever two were one, then surely we.If ever man were loved by wif

19、e, then thee;If ever wife was happy in a man,Compare with me, ye women, if you can.I prize thy love more than whole mines of goldOr all the riches that the Earth doth hold.My love is such that rivers cannot quench,Nor ought but love from thee, give recompense.Thy love is such I can no way repay,The

20、heavens reward thee manifold, I pray.Then while we live, in love lets so persevereThat when we live no more, we may live ever. (Anne Bradstreet: To My Dear and Loving Husband)爱情并非永远是甜蜜的，爱常有终结的时候，哈丽叶特门罗的抛弃就表达了爱的终结。其前半部分如下：O love, my love, its over then Your heart flies free; And its now no more us tw

21、o again, The door on you and me. And its now no more the supper spread, The stove singing low. Oh, worlds away your feet are led, Where bold winds blow.Oh, seas between and worlds away Our paths run now. Go, for more dead than coffined clay Is loves dead vow. Go, may your bread be sweet, your rest A

22、s soft and deep be As when you slept upon my breast And gave the world for me.Go, for my heart cries out with pain, With joy cries out. Go! youve unwound the golden chain Loves hope, loves doubt. （Harriet Monroe: Deserted）埃莉娜怀丽的轻微的低语表达的是同床夫妻的咫尺天涯之感：I need not die to goSo far you cannot knowMy escape

23、, my retreat,And the prints of my feet Written in blood or dew;They shall be hid from you, In fern-seed lostOr the soft flakes of frost.They will turn somewhereUnder water, over air,To earth space or stellar,Or the garret or cellarOf the house next door;You shall see me no moreThough each night I hi

24、deIn your bed, at your side. (Elinor Wylie: Trivial Breath)乔治梅里狄斯的现代之爱组诗，把婚姻的破裂经过写得非常坦白，如其中第十七首前八行：At dinner, she is hostess, I am host.Went the feast ever cheerfuller? She keepsThe Topic over intellectual deepsIn buoyancy afloat. They see no ghost.With sparkling surface-eyes we ply the ballIt is in

25、 truth a most contagious game:HIDING THE SKELETON, shall be its name.Such play as this the devils might appall! (George Meredith: Modern Love, 17)这是在客人面前假装门面。所谓“鬼魂”(ghost)就是两人婚姻已经破裂，现在他们却在演一场表面欢笑的戏来“盖住尸骨”(HIDING THE SKELETON)，且用大写形式，做丈夫的心情之痛苦可想而知。厄纳斯特道生的辛娜拉写的是虽另有所欢，但忘不了昔日所爱的辛娜拉：Last night, ah, yeste

26、rnight, betwixt her lips and mineThere fell thy shadow, Cynara! thy breath was shedUpon my soul between the kisses and the wine;And I was desolate and sick of an old passion,Yea, I was desolate and bowed my head:I have been faithful to thee, Cynara! in my fashion.All night upon mine heart I felt her

27、 warm heart beat,Night-long within mine arms in love and sleep she lay;Surely the kisses of her bought red mouth were sweet,But I was desolate and sick of an old passion,When I awoke and found the dawn was grey:I have been faithful to thee, Cynara! in my fashion. (Ernest Dowson: Cynara)诗人抒发的这种在新欢里也忘

28、不了昔日旧情的感受，没有亲身经历，恐怕难以写出，相信有相似经历的读者，必定会引起共鸣。艾略特的普罗弗洛克的情歌是一个出入于贵妇客厅的中年知识分子的独白，道出了他的迷惘、迟疑和爱欲。他想求婚，但又缺乏勇气。其中一部分如下：And indeed there will be timeTo wonder, Do I dare? and, Do I dare?Time to turn back and descend the stair,With a bald spot in the middle of my hair(They will say: How his hair is growing thi

29、n!)My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin,My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin(They will say: But how his arms and legs are thin!)Do I dareDisturb the universe ?In a minute there is timeFor decisions and revisions which a minute will reverse. (T. S. Eliot: The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Lines 3748)