中考初中英语动词时态分类及经典例句.docx

1、中考初中英语动词时态分类及经典例句中考初中英语动词时态分类及经典例句考试要求：英语的动词的时态共有十六种，但是中考常考的主要有八种，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时等时态的构成和用法。1. 一般现在时一般现在时的构成：一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。例如：I have breakfast at 7 every morning. 我每天早晨7点吃早餐。He goes swimming on Sundays. 每周日他都去游泳。一般现在时的用法：（1）表示经常发生的动作或者经常存在的

2、状态。经常和表示时间的状语often，always，usually，sometimes，every day等连用。例如：My sister usually goes to school on foot. 我姐姐经常步行去上学。We often come to school at six in the morning. 我们经常在早上六点到学校。（2）表示某种习惯或者能力，也可以表示职业、特征等。例如：My mother often gets up very early in the morning. 我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。This kind of car runs very fast.

3、这种小汽车跑得非常快。（3）表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。例如：This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。Do you know that knowledge is power? 你知道知识就是力量吗？（4）在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来的动作。例如：Theyll be so happy when I tell them. 我告诉他们时，他们会很高兴的。If you arent here on time tomorrow, Ill write to your parents. 如果你明天不准时到，我就给

4、你父母亲写信。注意：（1）一般现在时的第三人称单数：在一般现在时中，如果句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用其第三人称单数形式。例如：My father often watches TV after dinner at home. 我的爸爸经常在晚饭后在家看电视。（2）一般现在时的谓语如果是实义动词，其否定句和一般疑问句要用助动词do，如果主语是第三人称单数时，要用does，doesnt来构成。例如：My little brother doesnt do his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在学校做家庭作业。2. 一般过去时一般过去时的构成： 一般过去时用动词的过去

5、式表示。 Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack. 上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。 Tom was at home yesterday. 汤姆昨天在家。一般过去时的用法：（1）表示过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，just now，a moment ago，last week/ year/ night，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school等连用。例如：They went to college last ye

6、ar. 他们是去年上大学。We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园玩得很高兴。（2）表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如：We played football first，then went boating and fishing,，and at last had a picnic there. 我们先踢足球，然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。注意：（1）表示过去经常或反复的动作，而现在却不这样做了，也可以用used to +动词原形来表示。例如：I used to get up very late. 我过去总是起床很晚。（2）如果主

7、句的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。例如：We have made a lot of friends since we came here. 自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。（3）谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。3. 一般将来时一般将来时的构成：（1） will/shall动词原形, 其中shall常用于第一人称的疑问句。（2）be going to动词原形。例如：What are you going to do next

8、Sunday？ 下周日你打算做什么？Ill come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我们去动物园好吗？一般将来时的用法：表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes等连用。例如：He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下个星期打算去北京看他的爸爸。注意：

9、（1）will 用来表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。 Will you please lend me your bike? 请你把你的自行车借我用一下好吗？（2）shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成，shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句，用来询问对方的意图和愿望，征求别人同意等。助动词shall引起的一般疑问句征求别人同意时，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please dont. 例如：Shall I close the window? 我把窗户关上好吗？ No,

10、please dont. 不，别关。（3）be going to+动词原形，常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。例如：They are going to finish the work this evening. 他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。Its going to snow. 要下雪了。（4）对于动词go，come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live, fly等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作（行进时动词）。例如：Im leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。4. 现在进行时1. 现在进行时的构成：主

11、语+be+v-ing现在分词: I am+v-ing； You/They/We are+v-ing; He/ She/It is+v-ing2.现在进行时的用法：（1）表示此时此刻正在发生的动作，经常与时间状语now，at present，at this time/ moment等连用。例如：The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。（2）表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与

12、now，these days等时间状语连用。例如：I am learning French in Beijing these days. 这些天我正在北京学法语。（3）一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时的意义。表示“即将”，常伴有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类动词有come，leave，go，arrive，die等。例如：Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点！公共汽车马上就要开了。He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。5. 现在完成时现在完成时的构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词例如：I have watched th

13、e TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。 We have lived here since 2008. 自从2008年我就住在这里。现在完成时的用法：（1）表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，常用的状语有already, yet, not yet, now, just, by this time等。例如：The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如this week, these days,

14、 so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如：We have been here for two years. 我们在这里两年了。注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如：I have bought the bike for two years. ()I have had the bike for two years. ()由于buy

15、是瞬间动词，无法延续两年，所以改为延续性动词had。瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：buyhave stopbe over leavebe away come backbe backborrowkeep diebe dead beginbe on fall asleepbe asleeparrivebe hereget upbe up joinbe inbe a member例如：They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the book for two weeks A month has passed since he left ho

16、me. He has been away from home for a month.（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：have been (to): 曾经去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （现在可能在途中或已经到达某地）have been in +一段时间: 已呆在某地一段时间了例如：He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。He has gong to Hangzhou, so he cant help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。She has been in Londo

17、n for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。（3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：Have you seen the film? Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)When did you see it? I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)He has taught this class for two years. （现在

18、仍教着，或者刚刚停止）He taught this class for two years. （过去教过）6. 过去进行时：过去进行时的用法：表示说话的过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。例如：What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么？ I was cooking with my mother. 我正和

19、我妈妈一起做饭。过去进行时与一般过去时的区别： A. 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。 I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段) I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”) B. 过去进行时多与一段持续的时间状语连用。 It was raining all night 整个晚上在下雨。He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整个下午在写信。 C. while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时。 He brok

20、e a chair while he was jumping up and down. 他在跳上跳下的过程中弄坏了椅子。Dwhile 所在主从句动作持续相等时间时，主从句一般都用进行时；如果两个动作一长一短时，经常是短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时。 I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano. 他在弹钢琴时我在做饭。 I saw him while I was walking to the station. 我在去往车站时看见了他。7. 过去完成时的用法：过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之

21、前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。例如：I had finished my homework before you came here.在你来这里之前我已经完成我的家庭作业。 He said that he had seen you before. 他说他以前见过你。2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。例如：The bus had already left by the

22、time I got there.在我到达那里之前，公共汽车已经开走了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours. 不迟于六点钟他们已经工作八个小时了。3. 在含有间接引语的宾语从句中，主句经常是一般过去时，从句常用过去完成时。例如：He told me that he had already seen the film.他告诉我他已经看过那部电影了。8. 过去将来时的用法：（1）表示过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由would+动词原形构成。例如：They said they would come the next

23、 day. 他们说第二天就回来。（2）表示曾经打算或准备做的动作，were/was+动词原形构成。例如：Your father said he was going to visit your school next week.你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。 I thought it was going to rain. 我认为要下雨了。（3）go，come，leave，arrive，start等动词，其过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 He said he was coming this evening. 他说他今晚要来。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解Just a Lit

24、tle Smile Mark was walking home from school one day when he saw the boy in front of turn fall over and drop all of the books he was carrying, along with two sweaters, a basketball and a walkman (随身听). Mark stopped and helped the boy pick up these things. Since they were going the same way, he helped

25、 to carry some of his things. As they walked, Mark knew that the boys name was Bill, that he loved computer games, basketball and history, and that he was having lots of troubles with his other subjects and that he had just broken up with his girlfriend They arrived at Bills home first and Mark was

26、invited(邀请) in for a Coke and to watch some television. The afternoon passed happily with a few laughs and some small talk, then Mark went home. They often saw. each other at school, had lunch together once or twice, and then they both finished middle school. They ended up in the same high school wh

27、ere they sometimes saw and talked with each other over the years. At last just three weeks before they finished high school, Bill asked Mark if they could talk. Bill asked Mark if he still remembered the day years ago when they had first met. Did you ever think why I was carrying so many things home

28、 that day? asked Bill. You see, I cleaned out my locker(锁柜) because I didnt want to leave anything for anyone else. I had put away some of my mothers sleeping pills and I was going home to kill myself. But after we spent some time together talking and laughing, I began to understand that if I killed

29、 myself, I would have missed that time and so many others that might follow. So you see, Mark, when you picked up those books that day, you did a lot more. You saved my life. （1）When Mark met him the first time, Bill was going A.to have a basketball gameB.to his classroomC.to see MarkD.back home（2）F

30、rom what Bill was carrying, we can know that he . A.was a good studentB.liked sports and musicC.liked all the subjects in schoolD.was a g（3）Mark and Bill . A.were in the same middle school and high schoolB.were in the same middle school but not in the same high schoolC.of ten had lunch together at schoolD.had known each other before they began to study in middle school（4）In this passage, the phrase break up means . A.相处很好B.和好如初C.关系破裂D.保持联系（5）When Mark helped Bill to pick up some of his things, he. . A.knew he could save Bills life