Spatial distribution pattern analysis of groundwater nitrate nitrogen pollution in Shandong intensiv.docx

1、Spatial distribution pattern analysis of groundwater nitrate nitrogen pollution in Shandong intensivResearch methodology and aims3. Chinas renewable energy promotion programs4. REDP background and organization 4.1. Photovoltaic (PV) component4.2. Wind component4.3. Technology improvement component5.

2、 Research findings 5.1. PV companies5.2. SHS retailers5.3. SHS end-users6. Lessons learned 6.1. Credit access6.2. Effects of SHS ownership on poverty6.3. After-sales service6.4. SHS as a transition technology6.5. Focus on whole-cycle quality improvement7. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase

3、$ 35.95Highlights With World Bank support, more than 400,000 photovoltaic solar home systems were sold in northwestern China under the Renewable Energy Development Project (REDP). REDPs success is likely attributed to its synergistic objectives of improving PV product quality and enhancing PV compan

4、ies marketing capacities. We find that after-sales service networks remain weak and believe that project designers should incorporate better outreach programs to reinforce system maintenance practices.162Quantitative appraisal and potential analysis for primary biomass resources for energy utilizati

5、on in ChinaReview ArticleRenewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 14, Issue 9, December 2010, Pages 3050-3058Yang Yanli, Zhang Peidong, Zhang Wenlong, Tian Yongsheng, Zheng Yonghong, Wang LishengClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/Tables

6、Figures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractAs the largest agricultural country, China has abundant biomass resources, but the distribution is scattered and difficult to collect. It is essential to estimate the biomass resource and its potential for bioenergy utilization in China. In this study, t

7、he amount of main biomass resources for possible energy use and their energy utilization potential in China are analyzed based on statistical data. The results showed that the biomass resource for possible energy use amounted to 8.87108tce in 2007 of which the crops straw is 1.42108tce, the forest b

8、iomass is 2.85108tce, the poultry and livestock manure is 4.40107tce, the municipal solid waste is 1.35106tce, and the organic waste water is 6.46106tce. Through the information by thematic map, it is indicated that, except arctic-alpine areas and deserts, the biomass resource for possible energy us

9、e was presented a relatively average distribution in China, but large gap was existed in different regions in the concentration of biomass resources, with the characteristics of East dense and West sparse. It is indicated that the energy transformation efficiency of biomass compressing and shaping,

10、biomass anaerobic fermentation and biomass gasification for heating have higher conversion efficiency. If all of the biomass resources for possible energy use are utilized by these three forms respectively, 7.661012t of biomass briquettes fuel, 1.981012m3 of low calorific value gas and 3.841011m3 of

11、 biogas could be produced, 3.65108t to 4.90108t of coal consumption could be substituted, and 6.12108t to 7.53108t of CO2 emissions could be reduced. With the enormous energy utilization potential of biomass resources and the prominent benefit of energy saving and emission reduction, it proves an ef

12、fective way to adjust the energy consumption structure, to alleviate the energy crisis, to ensure the national energy security and to mitigate the global warming trend.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Appraise index and methodology 2.1. Appraise index2.2. Methodology 2.2.1. Potential estimation of e

13、nergy utilization2.2.2. Greenhouse emissions estimation2.3. Data source3. Geographic distributions and available amount of biomass resources in China 3.1. Crops straw3.2. Forest biomass3.3. Poultry and livestock manure3.4. Municipal solid waste3.5. Organic wastewater3.6. Total amount of biomass reso

14、urces in China4. Potential estimation of biomass resource energy utilization in China5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 37.95163Characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the nearshore waters of the western Taiwan StraitOriginal Research ArticleEstuarine, Coastal and

15、Shelf Science, Volume 88, Issue 3, 10 July 2010, Pages 350-356Cuifen Du, Shaoling Shang, Qiang Dong, Chuanmin Hu, Jingyu WuClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractAbsorption and fluorescence of chr

16、omophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the nearshore waters of the western Taiwan Strait were examined in April and October of 2008. CDOM absorption coefficient at 412nm (ag(412) in m1) showed an inversed linear relationship with salinity, indicating conservative mixing between freshwater and

17、seawater, although the relationship changed with seasons and locations. On average, except in the vicinity of two major rivers (Minjiang River and Jiulongjiang River), ag(412) was higher in October (dry season) (0.1730.036m1) than in April (wet season) (0.1230.059m1). This observation is counter int

18、uitive but consistent with those derived from MODIS satellite measurements. Combined with the CDOM EEM spectra (fluorescence excitationemission matrix), the results suggest that 1) Minjiang River and Jiulongjiang River were the primary land-based CDOM sources; 2) The marine end-members were controll

19、ed by the South China Sea Warm Current in April and the Zhe-Min Coastal Water in October; 3) The land-based CDOM was more from sewage than from soil leaching; and 4) Light absorption in the blue wavelengths was dominated by CDOM and detritus.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Methods 2.1. Sample colle

20、ction and measurements2.2. MODIS data processing3. Spatial-temporal variations of ag(412)4. CDOM dynamics and origin5. Implications for ocean color remote sensing6. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.95164Association of physical violence by an intimate partner around the time of pregna

21、ncy with inadequate gestational weight gainOriginal Research ArticleSocial Science & Medicine, Volume 72, Issue 6, March 2011, Pages 867-873Hind A. Beydoun, Hala Tamim, Alicia M. Lincoln, Suzanna D. Dooley, May A. BeydounClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstrac

22、t | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIntimate partner violence has been previously examined in relation to a variety of pregnancy, labor and delivery outcomes. We evaluated whether women who experienced physical violence by their intimate partners around the time of pregna

23、ncy were less likely to achieve weight gain according to the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 20002006 Oklahoma Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Survey (PRAMS) data for post-partum women, 20years and older. Physical violence perpetrated b

24、y an intimate partner before and/or during pregnancy was prevalent in nearly 6.5% of women. Weight gain was adequate in 38.8%, deficient in 28.4% and excessive in 32.8% of these women, respectively. After adjusting for maternal age, marital status, education, pregnancy intention, stressful life even

25、ts, third-trimester use of tobacco and alcohol and gestational age at delivery, physical violence by an intimate partner around the time of pregnancy was positively but non-significantly associated with excessive (but not deficient) gestational weight gain. After stratifying by age group, positive a

26、nd significant associations between physical violence by an intimate partner around the time of pregnancy and inadequate gestational weight gain were observed only among women 35 years and older. With the exception of mothers 35 years of age, deficient and excessive gestational weight gains were not

27、 significantly related to experiences with physical violence by an intimate partner prior to delivery. Prospective cohort studies are needed to establish whether other forms of violence, including emotional and sexual abuse, can affect gestational weight gain and whether gestational weight gain can

28、mediate the effect of physical, sexual and emotional abuse on pregnancy, labor and delivery outcomes.Article OutlineIntroductionMaterials and methods CDC PRAMSExposureOutcomeCovariatesStatistical analysisResultsDiscussionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.95Highlights Secondary analyses were bas

29、ed on the 20002006 Oklahoma PRAMS data. Gestational weight gain was generally not related to IPV around pregnancy. For women 35 years, IPV and inadequate weight gain were directly related.165An investigation into thermal comfort and residential thermal environment in an intertropical sub-Saharan Afr

30、ica region: Field study report during the Harmattan season in CameroonOriginal Research ArticleEnergy Conversion and Management, Volume 51, Issue 7, July 2010, Pages 1391-1397Nol Djongyang, Ren TchindaClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFi

31、gures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractInvestigations on thermal comfort have attracted authors for years throughout the world and the most important findings are now the basis of international thermal comfort standards. There is little information available concerning occupant comfort and residential thermal environment in the intertropical sub-Saharan Africa. Thus the purpose for this study is to conduct a field study on comfort and residential thermal environments in a typical intertropical climatic region. A field survey has bee