英语导游考试资料10年1.docx

1、英语导游考试资料10年1I. Tourist Resort Explanation 1 The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall Sun Yat-Sen was the forerunner of the Chinese bourgeois democratic revolution. He was born on November 12, 1866 in a farmers family in the Cuiheng Village in Xiangshan County (the present -day Zhonghan City ) in Guangdong Prov

2、ince. At the age of 12, he went to Honolulu, where his elder brother sent him to a missionary school. Later, he came back to Hong Kong to study in a college of Western medicine and, after graduation, practiced medicine in Guangzhou and Macao. So, ever since he was a child, he had been influenced by

3、the Western ideas of Christianity and democracy and this had helped him make up his mind to cure the ills of the old feudal China and turn it into a democratic and strong nation. At first, he had illusions about the Qing government and hoped to save this moribund regime trough reforms. But, Chinas d

4、efeats by foreign invaders and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government intensified his patriotic indignation. He decided that the Qing court was rotten to the core and must be overthrown and replaced by a democratic republic. So, in 1894, together with some twenty Chinese shop-keeper

5、and farm-owners in Honolulu, he established the first Chinese bourgeois revolutionary organization-the Society for the Revival of China (the Xing Zhong Hui ). In the following spring, he returned to Hong Kong and staged the first armed uprising against the Qing Dynasty in Guangzhou; but it ended in

6、failure. Then, in 1905, he went to Japan, where he founded Chinas first political party called party called “China Revolutionary League” (the Tong Meng Hui), which later developed into the Nationalist Party (the Guomintang). Since then he had made successive attempts to topple the Qing regime and fi

7、nally succeeded in the Wuchang Uprising that broke out in October 1911. The Qing regime was overthrown and he was elected the provisional president of the interim government of the Republic of China in Nanjing. This political power, however, was soon taken over by the warlords. Then in 1920, Sun Yat

8、-Sen came back to Guangzhou to set up a new government called the South Revolutionary Government. In 1921, he proclaimed his extraordinary presidency in Guangzhou. In 1925, he died of illness in Beijing and was buried later in Nanjing. Sun Yat-Sen had devoted all his life to the cause of the Chinese

9、 democratic revolution, and the 1911 revolution he led had put an end to the feudal monarchy that had existed in China for several thousand of years. To commemorate his great contributions to the Chinese revolution, people of Guangzhou had this memorial hall built in 1929-1931, at the original site

10、of the former presidential house of the South Revolutionary Government, which was burned down in 1922 by a rebel warlord, Chen Jiongming by name. The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall is an octagonal palace-like reinforced concrete structure, 58 meters high with a floor space of 12 thousand square meters. I

11、t looks like a traditional Chinese palace in appearance but was constructed with modern architectural technique. In front of the hall stands a bronze statue of Sun Yat-Sen, which is 5.5meters high and weighs 3.9 tons. Up on the facade below one of the eaves is written Sun Yat-Sens motto, meaning “Ch

12、ina Belongs to the People” in English (or literarily “Let Public Spiritedness Rule under the Sky”). Inside the building is a conference hall with a seating capacity of 3,238 people. And, thanks to the ingenious designing of the architect, the acoustics of the hall are excellent and there is no pilla

13、r to obstruct the spectators view because the eight pillars sustaining the four long-spanned steel trusses supporting the huge domed roof are hidden in the walls. Today, the Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall is still one the main places for mass meetings or theatrical performances in Guangzhou. At the back

14、of the hall, there is a 2-storied building on each side. In the backyard are planted over 70 species of trees and flowers. Among them a kapok tree is already over 300 hundred years old and the two magnolia trees on both sides of the garden are over 70 years old. These two magnolia trees are the olde

15、st magnolia trees in Guangzhou and have grown up to 90 centimeters in diameter, each giving a shade of over 200 square meters. The magnificent Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hall was designed by a young Chinese architect, by the name of Lu Yan-zhi, who was born in Tianjin, graduated from the Qinghua Universit

16、y in Beijing and later studied architecture in the Cornell University in the USA. He died of long cancer in 1929, at the age of 36, before the hall was built.2 Kaiping Diaolou and Li YuanSightseeing SitesGeneral Introduction_ Architectural style of Diaolou _ Diaolou Clusters in Zili Village _Yinglon

17、glou in Chikan Town _ Ruishilou in Xiangang Town _Denglou of the Fangs Family in Tangkou Town _Kaiping LiyuanGeneral Introduction Ladies and gentlemen, welcome you to Kaiping. Kaiping city is located in the southwestern part of the Pearl River Delta. It is 100 km away from Guangzhou in the northeast

18、. Kaiping is one of the renowned homes to overseas Chinese. It is famous for the multifunctional village houses with their own style. Shall I spare a few minutes to give a brief background of these constructions? Yes. OK. Chinese people, especially overseas Chinese, have long been known to have a st

19、rong homesick complex. Many of them sent their savings back home. Quite a lot returned to hometown to buy a piece of land, build their own house and get married. In the late Ming and the early Qing Dynasties, they started to build multi-storeyed, defensive houses called Diao Lou. Do you have any ide

20、as why they made their houses in that way? Haha, here come two main reasons. One is that floods frequently struck this city as it was in a relatively low-lying place. The other is that the city used to have bad social order. Those returned overseas Chinese or those who had relatives abroad were pret

21、ty well-off. They suffered a lot from the rampant bandits or gangsters. Diaolou, or watchtower, to put it in the other way, was constructed to solve the aforementioned two problems. A combination of Chinese and exotic architectural stles is one of the features of this kind of building. Diaolou in Ka

22、iping appeared on a large scale. The total number of buildings reached 3,300 in its peak time. Nowadays the number of registered houses is 1,833. Diaolou is well recognized. Some titles were awarded to it. One is Classic Works Representing the culture of Overseas Chinese. The second is Showcase of W

23、orlds Architectural Art. Diaolou are inscribed upon the list of the National Protection Cultural Relics by the State Council of China. On June 28th , 2007, Kaiping Diaolou and Villages were inscribed on the UNESCOs World Heritage List, and it is the first heritage from Guangdong.Architectural style

24、of Kaiping Diaolou Kaiping Diaolou enjoys its diversity in function, building materials and styles. When we talk about its function, buildings of this kind take three forms. Firstly, they are residential towers built by individual rich families and used as fortified residences. Secondly, they are co

25、mmunal towers built by several families and used as temporary refuge. Thirdly, they are vigil towers used for time telling and neighborhood security watch. Four kinds of building materials have been used. They are mainly stone, pise, brick or concrete. As I just mentioned, Kaiping people had migrate

26、d to live in different parts of the world. Those returned overseas Chinese brought back home exotic ideas and applied them to village house building. This is reflected in the architectural styles of Diaolou. Their watchtowers not only boast ancient Greek and Roman flavors, but also blend Gothic, Isl

27、amic, baroque and rococo styles. These buildings feature the harmonious integration of varying foreign architecture patterns and the preference of the house owners. I have been talking quite a lot about the diversity of these watchtowers in terms of function, building materials and architectural sty

28、le. What is their shared part, then? These buildings feature the harmonious integration of varying foreign architecture patterns and the preference of the house owners. I have been talking quite a lot about the diversity of these watchtowers in terms of function, building materials and architectural

29、 style. What is their shared part, then? Do you still remember the problems the local rich people suffered hundreds of years ago? “Yes”. “Good”; “No. No”. To fulfill its function to defend against bandits, all the watchtowers have narrow iron doors, small steel windows, and solid walls with embrasur

30、es. In some watchtowers, hornworks, locally called “swallow nests”, thrust outward on the four corners of the top floor. Those “swallow nests” exert omni-directional control over the surrounding areas. On the top floor of the watchtowers often stand observation posts, equipped with primitive firearm

31、s, electric generators, sirens, searchlights, stones, gongs and other defensive devices. From their similar looks and styles, we may say that those watchtowers were mainly used to guard against bandits attack. Kaiping watchtowers have played different roles in different historical periods. In the la

32、ter stage of Chinas War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, some were used as military strongholds. The most famous one was South Watchtower in Tengjiao village, Chikan town. In the 1920s and 1930s, Kaiping Diaolou were served as secret sites for the Chinese Communist party to take up undergr

33、ound revolutionary activities. The most renowned two were Shilu and Zhongshanlou. With my long-winded introduction to Diaolou, I am now guiding you to see watchtower clusters. One thing I have to point out is that they differ quite a lot in styles, as towers of this kind were built in different periods of time.Diaolou Clusters