英语导游考试资料10年1.docx

英语导游考试资料10年1.docx

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英语导游考试资料10年1

I.TouristResortExplanation

1TheSunYat-SenMemorialHall

SunYat-SenwastheforerunneroftheChinesebourgeoisdemocraticrevolution.HewasbornonNovember12,1866inafarmer’sfamilyintheCuihengVillageinXiangshanCounty（thepresent-dayZhonghanCity）inGuangdongProvince.Attheageof12,hewenttoHonolulu,wherehiselderbrothersenthimtoamissionaryschool.Later,hecamebacktoHongKongtostudyinacollegeofWesternmedicineand,aftergraduation,practicedmedicineinGuangzhouandMacao.So,eversincehewasachild,hehadbeeninfluencedbytheWesternideasofChristianityanddemocracyandthishadhelpedhimmakeuphismindtocuretheillsoftheoldfeudalChinaandturnitintoademocraticandstrongnation.Atfirst,hehadillusionsabouttheQinggovernmentandhopedtosavethismoribundregimetroughreforms.But,China’sdefeatsbyforeigninvadersandthecorruptionandincompetenceoftheQinggovernmentintensifiedhispatrioticindignation.HedecidedthattheQingcourtwasrottentothecoreandmustbeoverthrownandreplacedbyademocraticrepublic.

So,in1894,togetherwithsometwentyChineseshop-keeperandfarm-ownersinHonolulu,heestablishedthefirstChinesebourgeoisrevolutionaryorganization-theSocietyfortheRevivalofChina（theXingZhongHui）.Inthefollowingspring,hereturnedtoHongKongandstagedthefirstarmeduprisingagainsttheQingDynastyinGuangzhou;butitendedinfailure.Then,in1905,hewenttoJapan,wherehefoundedChina’sfirstpoliticalpartycalledpartycalled“ChinaRevolutionaryLeague”（theTongMengHui）,whichlaterdevelopedintotheNationalistParty（theGuomintang）.SincethenhehadmadesuccessiveattemptstotoppletheQingregimeandfinallysucceededintheWuchangUprisingthatbrokeoutinOctober1911.TheQingregimewasoverthrownandhewaselectedtheprovisionalpresidentoftheinterimgovernmentoftheRepublicofChinainNanjing.Thispoliticalpower,however,wassoontakenoverbythewarlords.Thenin1920,SunYat-SencamebacktoGuangzhoutosetupanewgovernmentcalledtheSouthRevolutionaryGovernment.In1921,heproclaimedhisextraordinarypresidencyinGuangzhou.In1925,hediedofillnessinBeijingandwasburiedlaterinNanjing.

SunYat-SenhaddevotedallhislifetothecauseoftheChinesedemocraticrevolution,andthe1911revolutionheledhadputanendtothefeudalmonarchythathadexistedinChinaforseveralthousandofyears.TocommemoratehisgreatcontributionstotheChineserevolution,peopleofGuangzhouhadthismemorialhallbuiltin1929-1931,attheoriginalsiteoftheformerpresidentialhouseoftheSouthRevolutionaryGovernment,whichwasburneddownin1922byarebelwarlord,ChenJiongmingbyname.

TheSunYat-SenMemorialHallisanoctagonalpalace-likereinforcedconcretestructure,58metershighwithafloorspaceof12thousandsquaremeters.ItlookslikeatraditionalChinesepalaceinappearancebutwasconstructedwithmodernarchitecturaltechnique.InfrontofthehallstandsabronzestatueofSunYat-Sen,whichis5.5metershighandweighs3.9tons.UponthefacadebelowoneoftheeavesiswrittenSunYat-Sen’smotto,meaning“ChinaBelongstothePeople”inEnglish（orliterarily“LetPublicSpiritednessRuleundertheSky”）.Insidethebuildingisaconferencehallwithaseatingcapacityof3,238people.And,thankstotheingeniousdesigningofthearchitect,theacousticsofthehallareexcellentandthereisnopillartoobstructthespectator’sviewbecausetheeightpillarssustainingthefourlong-spannedsteeltrussessupportingthehugedomedroofarehiddeninthewalls.Today,theSunYat-SenMemorialHallisstillonethemainplacesformassmeetingsortheatricalperformancesinGuangzhou.

Atthebackofthehall,thereisa2-storiedbuildingoneachside.Inthebackyardareplantedover70speciesoftreesandflowers.Amongthemakapoktreeisalreadyover300hundredyearsoldandthetwomagnoliatreesonbothsidesofthegardenareover70yearsold.ThesetwomagnoliatreesaretheoldestmagnoliatreesinGuangzhouandhavegrownupto90centimetersindiameter,eachgivingashadeofover200squaremeters.

ThemagnificentSunYat-SenMemorialHallwasdesignedbyayoungChinesearchitect,bythenameofLuYan-zhi,whowasborninTianjin,graduatedfromtheQinghuaUniversityinBeijingandlaterstudiedarchitectureintheCornellUniversityintheUSA.Hediedoflongcancerin1929,attheageof36,beforethehallwasbuilt.

2KaipingDiaolouandLiYuan

SightseeingSites

GeneralIntroduction__ArchitecturalstyleofDiaolou__DiaolouClustersinZiliVillage__YinglonglouinChikanTown__RuishilouinXiangangTown__DenglouoftheFang’sFamilyinTangkouTown__KaipingLiyuan

GeneralIntroduction

Ladiesandgentlemen,welcomeyoutoKaiping.

KaipingcityislocatedinthesouthwesternpartofthePearlRiverDelta.Itis100kmawayfromGuangzhouinthenortheast.

KaipingisoneoftherenownedhomestooverseasChinese.Itisfamousforthemultifunctionalvillagehouseswiththeirownstyle.ShallIspareafewminutestogiveabriefbackgroundoftheseconstructions?

Yes.OK.

Chinesepeople,especiallyoverseasChinese,havelongbeenknowntohaveastronghomesickcomplex.Manyofthemsenttheirsavingsbackhome.Quitealotreturnedtohometowntobuyapieceofland,buildtheirownhouseandgetmarried.InthelateMingandtheearlyQingDynasties,theystartedtobuildmulti-storeyed,defensivehousescalledDiaoLou.Doyouhaveanyideaswhytheymadetheirhousesinthatway?

Haha,herecometwomainreasons.Oneisthatfloodsfrequentlystruckthiscityasitwasinarelativelylow-lyingplace.Theotheristhatthecityusedtohavebadsocialorder.ThosereturnedoverseasChineseorthosewhohadrelativesabroadwereprettywell-off.Theysufferedalotfromtherampantbanditsorgangsters.Diaolou,orwatchtower,toputitintheotherway,wasconstructedtosolvetheaforementionedtwoproblems.

AcombinationofChineseandexoticarchitecturalstlesisoneofthefeaturesofthiskindofbuilding.

DiaolouinKaipingappearedonalargescale.Thetotalnumberofbuildingsreached3,300initspeaktime.Nowadaysthenumberofregisteredhousesis1,833.

Diaolouiswellrecognized.Sometitleswereawardedtoit.OneisClassicWorksRepresentingthecultureofOverseasChinese.ThesecondisShowcaseofWorld’sArchitecturalArt.DiaolouareinscribeduponthelistoftheNationalProtectionCulturalRelicsbytheStateCouncilofChina.OnJune28th,2007,KaipingDiaolouandVillageswereinscribedontheUNESCO’sWorldHeritageList,anditisthefirstheritagefromGuangdong.

ArchitecturalstyleofKaipingDiaolou

KaipingDiaolouenjoysitsdiversityinfunction,buildingmaterialsandstyles.Whenwetalkaboutitsfunction,buildingsofthiskindtakethreeforms.Firstly,theyareresidentialtowersbuiltbyindividualrichfamiliesandusedasfortifiedresidences.Secondly,theyarecommunaltowersbuiltbyseveralfamiliesandusedastemporaryrefuge.Thirdly,theyarevigiltowersusedfortimetellingandneighborhoodsecuritywatch.Fourkindsofbuildingmaterialshavebeenused.Theyaremainlystone,pise,brickorconcrete.AsIjustmentioned,Kaipingpeoplehadmigratedtoliveindifferentpartsoftheworld.ThosereturnedoverseasChinesebroughtbackhomeexoticideasandappliedthemtovillagehousebuilding.ThisisreflectedinthearchitecturalstylesofDiaolou.TheirwatchtowersnotonlyboastancientGreekandRomanflavors,butalsoblendGothic,Islamic,baroqueandrococostyles.Thesebuildingsfeaturetheharmoniousintegrationofvaryingforeignarchitecturepatternsandthepreferenceofthehouseowners.

Ihavebeentalkingquitealotaboutthediversityofthesewatchtowersintermsoffunction,buildingmaterialsandarchitecturalstyle.Whatistheirsharedpart,then?

Thesebuildingsfeaturetheharmoniousintegrationofvaryingforeignarchitecturepatternsandthepreferenceofthehouseowners.

Ihavebeentalkingquitealotaboutthediversityofthesewatchtowersintermsoffunction,buildingmaterialsandarchitecturalstyle.Whatistheirsharedpart,then?

Doyoustillremembertheproblemsthelocalrichpeoplesufferedhundredsofyearsago?

“Yes”.“Good”;“No.No”.

Tofulfillitsfunctiontodefendagainstbandits,allthewatchtowershavenarrowirondoors,smallsteelwindows,andsolidwallswithembrasures.Insomewatchtowers,hornworks,locallycalled“swallownests”,thrustoutwardonthefourcornersofthetopfloor.Those“swallownests”exertomni-directionalcontroloverthesurroundingareas.Onthetopfloorofthewatchtowersoftenstandobservationposts,equippedwithprimitivefirearms,electricgenerators,sirens,searchlights,stones,gongsandotherdefensivedevices.Fromtheirsimilarlooksandstyles,wemaysaythatthosewatchtowersweremainlyusedtoguardagainstbandits’attack.

Kaipingwatchtowershaveplayeddifferentrolesindifferenthistoricalperiods.InthelaterstageofChina’sWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggression,somewereusedasmilitarystrongholds.ThemostfamousonewasSouthWatchtowerinTengjiaovillage,Chikantown.Inthe1920sand1930s,KaipingDiaolouwereservedassecretsitesfortheChineseCommunistpartytotakeupundergroundrevolutionaryactivities.ThemostrenownedtwowereShiluandZhongshanlou.

Withmylong-windedintroductiontoDiaolou,Iamnowguidingyoutoseewatchtowerclusters.OnethingIhavetopointoutisthattheydifferquitealotinstyles,astowersofthiskindwerebuiltindifferentperiodsoftime.

DiaolouClusters