高考英语三轮复习学案 短文改错专项练习 解析版.docx

1、高考英语三轮复习学案 短文改错专项练习 解析版高考三轮复习学案短文改错专项练习(解析卷)在高考英语试卷中，短文改错是高考试题项目之一，也是历年高考中试题中的重点和难点。短文改错常常是整个英语试卷中比较容易丢失分的试题之一，对英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。特别是谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点。常出现一些常见的错误除了谓语动词的错误外，还有名词单复数的错误；代词、冠词的错误；形容词、副词、介词等错误。因此，教师在辅导学生进行短文改错练习的时候，要提醒学生注意这些问题。并总结出现这些错误的原因、特征，对学生进行相关要点的点拨，指导学生注意在三轮复习的过程中尽可能避免出现这类问题。注意要

2、点 短文改错中的常见错误谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，除了谓语动词的错误外，还有名词单复数的错误；代词、冠词的错误；形容词、副词、介词等等错误。1. 动词形式错用动词形式的错误主要包括：一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用；分词使用错误等等。如：My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the li

3、brary. (wereare)2. 非谓语动词应用错误 非谓动词是最常见的考查形式之一，常出现分词、动名词或动词不定式的错误。不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。一般情况下，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。如：I used to play basketball in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting interested) 3. 名

4、词错误试卷中常会出现名词单、复数形式的用法错误，常将名词复数错用为单数，将不可数名词错用为可数名词。如：TV presents us with many useful informations. (informations information)4. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等，最常见的考点是从句的关系词（who / whom / what / which /how / why / when / where / if / whether等）。如：It was an actor name his name escapes me for the moment

5、(his whose)5 冠词错误（1）对定冠词the及不定冠词a，an的用法不清楚。（2）误用a和an，注意要根据单词的第一个音素来判定。（3）冠词a/an和the的多用、少用和误用以及固定搭配，泛指、特指等。如：As result, the plants are growing everywhere. （As result As a result）6. 形容词和副词错误系动词后（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/）用形容词和感官性动词（smell/feel等）。经常出现词性的误用，需注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词；要区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具

6、体用法。如：Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（wonderfully wonderful）7. 介词错误 词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。如：Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on with)8. 代词错误代词的主格和宾格（I / me，he / him，she / her，we / us，they / them）错误；反身代词（myself / yourself

7、/ himself / herself / themselves / ourselves）使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。如：We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. (them it) 9. 习惯用法的搭配错误习惯用法搭配也常出现错误；其错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配的错误。如：We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead for ourselves. (for o

8、f )10. 句子成分使用错误不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。如：They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (缺少谓语动词are/were) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where which)11. 逻辑关系不清晰常常由于句子的逻辑关系不清晰而出现关系混淆。比如：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误；称谓

9、上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面常常有错误。还有：连词but，and，or和so的用法错误以及冠词的用法错误等。如：The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his their)First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)【温馨提示】要做好短文改错，需要牢记以下几点：一要通读全文，掌握大意；二要细读全文，弄清结构；三是字斟句酌，先易后难；四是复读全文，验证答案。而且，平时必须加强对常用短语、习惯用法、句式结构的熟练记忆，对常考语法的各项规则详细了解；建

10、立错题本，对练习中遇到的典型问题作详细记载和解析，反复研究出错的地方，找出错误的根本原因，避免今后再犯相类似的错误。.不同词类常见错误1. 动词形式错用动词形式的错误主要包括：一般现在时与一般过去时错用；and前后动词时态不一致；主谓不一致；缺少动词，特别是be动词；第三人称单数形式错用；主动语态和被动语态错用；分词使用错误等等。My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. Now my picture and prize were hanging in the library. ( 时态

11、问题，wereare)我最喜欢的运动是足球。我是我们学校足球队的成员。现在我的照片和奖品挂在图书馆里。该句子为时态错误，找出此类错误的关键是时刻注意时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。The glasses broken by him.The glasses was broken by him. (语态问题，broken was broken)玻璃杯被他打碎了。2. 非谓语动词应用错误 非谓动词是最常见的考查形式之一，常出现分词、动名词或动词不定式的错误。不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（尤其距离较远时）；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某

12、些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。一般情况下，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (应该用动名词作主语Play Playing)踢足球不仅使我们强健体魄，而且培养我们公平竞争意识和团队精神。I used to play basketball in my spare time, but now I am interesting

13、in football. (interesting interested) 我以前在业余时间打篮球，但现在我对足球很感兴趣。现在分词有主动态的含义，而过去分词有被动态的含义，主语对感兴趣要用过去分词。I used to playing football in my spare time, but now I am interested in basketball. ( playing play) 我以前在业余时间踢足球，但现在我对篮球感兴趣。used to do. 表示过去做现在不做，此处与be used to doing混淆了，后者表示有习惯/习惯做 3. 名词错误试卷中常会出现名词单、复数

14、形式的用法错误，常将名词复数错用为单数，将不可数名词错用为可数名词。Ill do my best to do it so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (单复数问题，subjectsubjects)我会尽我最大的努力做到这一点，这样我的所有科目都会取得好成绩。TV presents us with many useful informations.(可数、不可数名词问题，informations information)电视为我们提供了许多有用的信息。4. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等，最常见的考点是从句

15、的关系词（who / whom / what / which /how / why / when / where / if / whether等）。I also had friends they gave me a great deal of encouragement (定语从句用关系词引导，they who)我还有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。It was an actor name his name escapes me for the moment (定语从句用关系词引导，his whose)那个男演员的名字我一时想不起来了。5 冠词错误（1）对定冠词the及不定冠词a，an的用法不清楚。（2

16、）误用a和an，注意要根据单词的第一个音素来判定。（3）冠词a/an和the的多用、少用和误用以及固定搭配，泛指、特指等。In a fact, he even scared my classmates away. （In a fact In fact）事实上，他甚至把我的同学吓跑了。固定搭配句中In fact多用定冠词a。As result, the plants are growing everywhere. （As result As a result）结果，这些植物就到处生长。作为固定搭配，句中As result少用定冠词a。6. 形容词和副词错误系动词后（be/am/is/are/wa

17、s/were/become/go/）用形容词和感官性动词（smell/feel等）。经常出现词性的误用，需注意形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词、形容词；要区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderfully wonderful）我相信我们在一起会过得很愉快。wonderful作定语修饰time，此处副词误用。Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate Unfortunately)不幸的是，我家里人太多了。

18、Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子，此处是形容词误用。【温馨提示】 形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。7. 介词错误 词组中的介词误用；介词意思理解偏差；介词的多用或少用。Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. (on with)不幸的是，随着工业化的发展过程中，环境受到了污染。固定搭配是：with the developm

19、ent of sth.。Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden. (before ago；by of)五年前，在父亲的帮助下，我和姐姐在我家后花园里种了一些圣女果。从现在起的若干时间以前，时间段+ ago。因此before改为ago；在的帮助下用固定搭配with the help of；所以把by改成of。8. 代词错误代词的主格和宾格（I / me，he / him，she / her，w

20、e / us，they / them）错误；反身代词（myself / yourself / himself / herself / themselves / ourselves）使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them. (them it) 今天我们有很多家庭作业要做，所以我们需要两三个小时才能完成。要注意人称、格与数的一致性。这里it所代替的是不可数名词homework，因此不用them.其它常见错误

21、1. 习惯用法的搭配错误习惯用法搭配也常出现错误；其错误表现形式主要有多词、少词和搭配的错误。It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. ( for of )他们真是太好了，在火车站接我，还开车送我回家。习惯用法搭配是It was very kind of sb. 因此for 改为 of。We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead for ourselves. (for of )我们必须记住，我们是

22、为球队效力，而不是为了自己。习惯用法搭配是instead of sb. 因此for 改为 of。The trees in the farm were really full with oranges. ( in on ； with of )农场里的树都挂上了满满的桔子。“在农场里”介词用on，所以应该是on the farm。“充(结)满”有两种表示方法，be full of 或be filled with.。2. 句子成分使用错误不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语境要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。They eager to kno

23、w everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (缺少谓语动词，应该加are/were)他们渴望了解中国的一切，问了我很多问题。由于受汉语习惯的影响而导致的错误，漏掉了谓语动词are/were。I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where which)我住在北京，这是中国的首都。where是副词，不能作主语，关系词在从句中做主语要用关系代词。此处犯了词类与它在句子中的成分不相符的错误。3. 逻辑关系不清晰常常由于句子的逻辑关系不清晰而出现关系混淆。比如：与句子的

24、上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误；称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面常常有错误。The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his their)史密斯夫妇尽了全力让我体验到宾至如归的感觉。主语是Smiths (史密斯夫妇俩)，后面的his不合逻辑，所以改为their。First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)more在此处表示“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，不能说“再告诉你一些事”，所以去掉more。除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连

25、词but，and，or和so的用法错误以及冠词的用法错误等。She was smiling but nodding at me.(but and)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.(and or )We may be one family and live under a same roof.(a the)。. 单句改错1. Through our research, we come to know that everybody must pay attention to our environment an

26、d some measures should be taken to protect. 【解析】在protect后面加it。protect是及物动词，后面需接宾语，此处用it代替前文提到的environment。2. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. 【解析】 a the。在上文中，shop一词曾出现过，在此特指前文中出现的内容，故不应再使用泛指的a shop，而应使用特指的the shop。 3. I hope I will admitted into a top university and bec

27、ome a good doctor after I graduate from university. 【解析】在will后加be。be admitted into被录取，是固定短语。4. Soon they came up with a good idea, and then we decided to go cycling in the countryside. 【解析】we they。上文提到他们想到了一个好主意，所以下句应该是他们决定去农村骑行。5. To see a horse eat fish, all of them ran out. Having the whole room

28、to himself, my uncle sat down besides the fire and began warm himself. 【解析】 besides beside。句意是说屋子里只剩下我叔叔自己，他坐在火堆旁边开始取暖。beside在旁边，besides除之外还有。warm前加to。begin to do sth. 开始做某事。6. As students, we have classes from early morning till late afternoon, so taking a ten-minute break between class is definite

29、ly important, even necessary. 【解析】 class classes。由between可知，是在两节课之间，故用复数。7. I know you are particular interested in human rights. 【解析】particular particularly。此处修饰动词，用副词。8. When it comes to relaxation, Id like to go skating, climb mountains and see several movie. 【解析】 movie movies。由前面several可知，此处用复数。

30、9. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. 【解析】 bad worse。to make matters worse为固定短语，意为“更糟糕的是”，常用作插入语。10. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to go on feet. 【解析】feet foot。on foot意为“步行”，是固定短语，不用复数。11. There is a teacher whom I can never forget in my life. She was

31、 very strict to us. 【解析】to with。be strict with严格要求。12. As I was waiting for my order to come, I noticed the old man in a wheel chair rolling himself over to a table. 【解析】the an。old man第一次出现, 无需特指, 故用不定冠词。13. Some of us think it is good to own a car, for its convenient, fast and comfortable means of transportation. 【解析】its后面加a。means意为“方式，方法”，是可数名词，单复数同形。此处表达它是一种方便快捷舒适的交通方式，故用不定冠词。14. In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones are increasing steadily. 【解析】are is。主语是the numbe