初中六中时态.docx

1、初中六中时态 一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 1、一般现在时的概念：1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2、一般现在时的结构：1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,

2、it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。3、一般现在时的否定及疑问句：（1.） 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? （2）行为动词的变化。否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用助动词doe

3、snt。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它？ 一般疑问句的回答遵循“问啥答啥”的原则如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. （3）特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?4、一般现在时态的标志词：alwa

4、ys usually often every day night 5、动词单三的变化规则一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies例句：I usually get up at 7 oclock . She studies very hard . 现在进行时现在进行时1概念：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。标志

5、词：listen look now 等2基本结构为：主语+be+动词ing.I am listening to the music.3否定结构：在be后加not.I am not listening to the music. 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 Are you listening to the music ?Yes ,I am No,I am not 5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句? What are you doing ?动词加ing的变化规则1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加in

6、g，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping6、现在进行时表将来时： 用现在进行时表将来通常含有“意图、安排”、打算”等意思。这种现在进行时比较生动，给人一种期待感，通常用于表最近或较近的将来，所用动词通常表示位置移动的动词，常见的有：go, come, leave, stay, play, do, have, take, get to, see off等如：Annie is coming to supper this evening. 安妮今晚要来吃

7、饭。Im going to Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天要去上海。The guest is leaving by train tonight. 客人今晚坐火车走。The boys are starting school on Monday. 男孩子们星期一就要开学了。表将来的现在进行时除用于位置移动的动词外，有时也可用于一些非位置移动动词。如：Bob and Bill are meeting tonight. 鲍勃和比尔今晚要会面。What are you doing next weekend? 下个周末你准备干什么?She is buying a new bike soon.

8、 她不久将买一辆新自行车。We are having a few guests tonight. 今晚我们有几个客人来。I am reading a paper tomorrow. 我明天要读一篇论文。7、要注意以下这些动词一般不用于现在进行时态的句子中， 表示感觉到的动词，如see hear 表示喜欢或厌恶的动词 如like love hate 等 表示希望的动词 如want would like 表示归属的动词，如have 表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词 如know forget 巩固练习一、单项填空1. I have two tickets to Beijing. I _ my fath

9、er.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. has changed B. is changingC. will have changed D. will changed3. He _ of how he can do more for the people. A. will always think B. is always thinki

10、ngC. has always been thinking D. does think always4. I want to know when he _ for New York . A. has left B. had left C. is leaving D. would leave5. -That famous fish _ because of pollution.-Yes, we have to do something to save it. A. has died B. had died C. is dead D. is dying6. All day today, Jane

11、and her sister _ very hard at home. A. are work B. are worked C. are working D. have working7. When I see Jean in the street, she always _at me. A. smiled B. has smiled C. was smiling D. smiles8. Janet_ one dress already, and now she _ another. A. made, is been making B. had made, is making C. has m

12、ade, is making D. would have made, is being made9. I dont really work here, I _ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out10. Because the shop_, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.A. has closed down B. closed down C. is

13、 closing down D. had had closed down 二、用现在进行时翻译下列句子1. 我们下周日去墨西哥。2. 你来看电影吗？3. 穿上外衣！我带你去看医生。4. 他两个小时后将去伦敦5. 我们明年冬天在澳大利亚过6. 你们晚餐吃什么呀？7. 这小男孩上课老是讲话。Keys：1-5 ABBCD 6-10 CDBCC1. We are going to Mexico next Sunday.2. Are you coming to the cinema？3. Put on your coat! Im taking you down to the doctor4. He is

14、 leaving for London in two hours.5. We are spending next winter in Australia.6. What are you having for dinner?7. The boy is always talking in class. 现在完成时态1、构成 肯定式：主语+助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词否定式： 主语+havent/hasnt+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？把have has 提前特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他？特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？

15、过去分词的构成： 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ ed ”。lived-lived-lived ,、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried ,play-played-played ,stay-stayed-stayed、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母

16、，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 不则动词变化表 1.A-A-A型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本含义cutcutcut切,割,砍costcostcost价值为;花费;使付出putputput放;摆;装入readreadread阅读;朗诵2A-B-A型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本含义hithithit打, 击 （新词）hurthurthurt伤害 （新词）comecamecome到来;出现runranrun跑;奔跑;（颜色）褪色3.A-B-B型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本含义bringbroughtbrought带来;

17、引起;产生buyboughtbought购买;采购catchcaughtcaught接住;抓住;赶上;染上digdugdug挖（土）;掘（地）feelfeltfelt触摸（某物）;感觉到getgotgot/gotten收到;接到;得到;成为have/hashadhad有;吃;喝;进行;经受hearheardheard听见;听说;得知keepkeptkept留下;保留;继续leaveleftleft离开;把留下;剩下loselostlost失去;丧失;损失makemademade做;制作;制造;使得meetmetmet遇见;碰见（某人）;相遇saysaidsaid说;讲sellsoldsold卖

18、,销售sitsatsat坐;就座sleepsleptslept睡;睡觉;睡着smellsmeltsmelt闻出,嗅;散发气味standstoodstood站立;直立;位于;经受teachtaughttaught教,教授;传授thinkthoughtthought想,思考;认为telltoldtold告诉;讲述;吩咐understandunderstoodunderstood懂;理解;领会winwonwon赢;获胜;赢得;获得4.A-B-C型变化动词原形过去式过去分词基本含义arewerebeenam / is wasbeen有;存在;是;成为breakbrokebroken打破（断,碎）;损坏

19、;撕开dodiddone做;干drinkdrankdrunk喝,饮drivedrovedriven驾驶（车）;驱赶eatateeaten吃fallfellfallen落下;跌落;降落;倒flyflewflown飞;飞行;飘动;空运;放forgetforgotforgotten忘记;遗忘;忽视givegavegiven送给;授予;供给;递给gowentgone去;离去;行驶;遇到;到达knowknewknown知道;懂得;了解;认识ringrangrung（铃等）鸣响;打电话seesawseen看见;察觉;领会singsangsung唱,唱歌speakspokespoken说话;会说（+语言）;

20、发言stealstolestolen偷,窃取swimswamswum游泳taketooktaken拿;服用;乘坐;花费wakewokewoken醒;醒来;叫醒 wake up （新词）)wearworeworn穿;戴rideroderidden骑马,自行车等;搭乘writewrotewritten写,书写;写作;著述 每天背几个,并且经常复习就会觉得越背越轻松,学习英语so easy！ 二、概念： （1）动作发生在过去，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如： -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. Ive just

21、had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了） I have lost my pen .我把钢笔弄丢了，（过去某时丢的，现在还没有找到） （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的 状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I havent seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。3、现在完成时的标志词：总结：现在完成时态的标志在句中的位置不尽相同：、 ever , never , just , already

22、 常用于助动词之后，实义动词之前；、放在句尾的常有 already ,yet ,before ,recently. a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，放于助动词之后，过去分词之前，有时也位于句末，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中，位于句末。 如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“,常位于居中。 如：-Have you ever

23、been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。 c.用just ,意为刚刚，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词和过去分词之间。Before 意为以前，常位于句末，不可用 ago 代替，ago 只与一般过去时态连用。例如 He has visited the Great Wall before . 以前他参观过长城。 He visited the Great Wall two days ago . 两天以前他参观了长城。 He has just come back from Beijing

24、.他刚从北京回来这件事。 d.so far(到目前为止)； in the past/last表示一段时间的词语. recently 最近 例如： Ive took care of my poor old dog recently. He has been there three times in the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。 How long_ you_ here? For about two years so far A. have; studied B. did; live C. do; stay D. have changed E. since+时间点或

25、for+时间段。如：I havent seen him for two years. His father has been in the Party since 1978 . 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be（在）”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrivereach be here begin(start)be on die be dead come backbe back leave be away fall ill(sick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep

26、) get upbe up go out be out finish be over put on wear 或be on open be open joinbe in或 be a member of close be closed go to schoolbe a student borrow keep buy have catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know know begin to studystudy come to workwork等 Lose not have fall asleep be asleep Come be here Go be

27、there wake up be awake 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。 His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。 We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。四、.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一

28、般过去时只强调动作发生在过去，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）五、注意： have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于 各人称；have gone(to)表示“去了某地（说话时某人不在当地）”，如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing . 他去了北京。