文献阅读与翻译整理副本.docx

1、文献阅读与翻译整理 副本1单元3. Linguistic Features of Scientific LiteratureSyntactically, scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures, and in most cases is rather unitary. Morphologically, scientific literature is featured by high specialization, the use of technical terms and jargons, unambiguous

2、implication and the fixed sense of the word. 2. Principles or Criteria of TranslationWhenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fus “three-character guide”-xin, da, ya, namely, “faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅)”, which was first proposed i

3、n 1898, would evoke controversy.Despite a variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these two criteria as the principles of scientific literature translation. By faith

4、fulness/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free from stiff formula and mecha

5、nical copying from dictionaries.Special Attention: The Translation of Documentation1. Put the following sentences into Chinese, using either literal or free translation.1) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch o

6、f belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of the Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of Hope, it was the winter of Despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.( 这是最美好的时期，这是最

7、坏的时斯;这是智惫的年代,这是愚蠢的年代;这是充满信仰的时代,这是顾虑重重的时代;这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节;这是富有希望的春天，这是充满绝望的寒冬;我们拥有一切，我们一无所有;我们正笔直走向天堂，我们正笔直走向地狱.)2) A greeting card can warm a heart, hold a hand, lend an ear, pat a back, light up a face, tickle a funny bone, dry an eye, surprise a child, woo a sweetheart, toast a bride, welcome a st

8、ranger, wave a good-bye, shout a bravo, blow a kiss, mend a quarrel, ease a pain, boost a morale, stop a worry and start a tradition.( 一张小小贺卡可以温暖一颗心，握紧一双手，倾听肺腑言，轻拍友人背;它令人喜洋洋，撩得心痒痒,抹去泪汪汪;它给孩子以惊喜，给恋人以温存，给新娘以祝福，给路人以欢迎;它可用以挥手道别，高声喝彩，遥寄飞吻，也可用以弥补嫌隙，减轻痛苦，提高士气，解除忧虑，开创一种新风尚。)2. Put the following passage into

9、 Chinese.As an important means for preserving knowledge, various literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race.Professional literatures have been regarded as “intangible assets” of the whole world beca

10、use they are, on the one hand, the summary, generalization, and development of the achievements obtained on the basis of previous experiences or studies; and on the other hand, they have been accumulated and handed down from generation to generation. In this sense, therefore, all kinds of literature

11、 are records of precious research findings and academic achievements, and the crystallization of human civilization. 作为一种重要的知识储备手段，各类文献已成为宝贵的资源宝藏，大大促进了人类社会的进步。 专业文献一向被认为是全世界的“无形财产”。因为一方面它们是对前人的经验或研究成果的总结、概括和发展；另一方面，又是人类长期积累、世代相传的遗产。因此，从这种意义上讲，一切文献都是前入的研究发现和学术成就的宝贵记载，是人类文化的结晶。3. Put the following pas

12、sage into English.翻泽的意义是将词句从一种语言转换成另一种语言。简单地讲，它是用与原作不同的语言将作者的真正意思准确地复述出来的一种艺术。从以上翻译的定义来看，我们知道词句的原意必须尽可能保持准确，不可有所增删。翻译者的任务只是变换词汇而不是改变其意思。因此，翻译有两种要素：准确性与表达性。准确性是翻译的首要条件。译者必须谨慎地遵循原作者的意思。字词的选择与句式结构必须如实传达原作的思想。表达性是使译文易于理解。换言之，译者必须用自己的文字尽可能将原作思想清楚而有力地表达出来。准确性是使译文的意义确切无误，而表达性则是使译文生动，引人入胜。Translation is the

13、 conversion of an expression into another language. To say plainly it is an art to reproduce the exact idea of the author by means of a language different from the original. From the above definition of translation we know that the original thought of the expression must be kept as exactly as possib

14、le. Nothing should be added to or taken away from the original work. The duty of the translation is simply to change the vocabulary not the thought. In translation therefore, there are two essential elements: accuracy and expressiveness. Accuracy is the first requisite of translation. The translator

15、 must stick to the authors ideas. Words selected and sentences constructed must be of such nature as will convey the exact original thought. Expressiveness is to make the translation readily understood. In other words, the translator must express his authors idea as clearly and as forcibly as he can

16、 by the medium he employs. Accuracy is to make the thought definite and exact; while expressiveness is to make the translation vivid and attractive.Unit 2 Professional Papers（4hrs） (1) This war is becoming the most important story of this generation.(2) It is quite another story now.(3) Some reporte

17、rs who were not included in the session broke the story.(4) Hell be very happy if that story holds up.(5) The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.(6) A young man came to Scottis office with a story. (1) it refers to “event”; (2) “situation”; (3) “inside information”; (4) “statement”; (5) “exper

18、ience”; (6) “law case.” (1)这场战争将成为这一代人经历的最重大的事件。(2)现在的情况完全不同了。(3)有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。(4)如果这一说法当真，那他就太高兴了。(5)丽泰海华丝的遭遇算是最惨的了。(6)一个年轻人来到斯科特的办公室报案。Unit 3 Reports4. Linguistic Features of Reports1 Various Patterns 2 Self-sufficient 3 More Active Voice 4 Clear Citation 5 Standard Language6. Sample Analys

19、is MEMORANDUMTO: Audrey Rivers Manager, Human Resources FROM: Kevin Young Personnel AssistantSUBJECT: Evaluation of the Roning Groups “Meetings” SeminarDATE: March 19, 1995I found The Roiling Groups “Meetings” seminar to be well worth attending and recommend that it be made available to all supervis

20、ory employees.The attached folder describes the seminar in detail. Its full title is “Increasing the Effectiveness of Business Meetings,” and it is available in two formats: as a public seminar, such as the one I attended, and as a kit for in-house presentation. Attendance al a public seminar costs

21、$85 per person. The kit, which contains sufficient materials to train 48 employees, costs $1200, which is equivalent to $25 per person.The seminar I attended was held at the downtown Holiday Inn from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. yesterday, March 18. You asked me to attend se that I could evaluate its suit

22、ability for company adoption.During the morning the seminar leader demonstrated techniques for improving meeting performance and then assigned us to two groups and gave us roles to play as meeting participants.In the afternoon:For the first hour, group one held a meeting and group two evaluated the

23、meeting participants performance on a one-to-one basis.For the second hour, the groups roles were reversed.The seminar leader then summed up and drew attention to our strengths and weaknesses.I found the seminar to be an excellent learning experience. The atmosphere was relaxed, the participants wer

24、e actively involved for more than 75% of the time and had realistic, recognizable roles to play, and the scenarios for the two meetings were both relevant and thoroughly developed. Of particular value were the comments we could make on one anothers performance as meeting participants.I suggest we pu

25、rchase the Roiling Groups “Meetings” kit and use it to train our managers and supervisors to hold more efficient meetings. The experience I gained at yesterdays seminar has prepared me to rim in-house workshops.(The signature of Kevin)Notes1这是一份非正式报告。人事助理Kevin在参加一次最近召开的研讨会后向人事部经理 递交的份对该会的评估报告。这种报告实际

26、上是一种备忘录式的报告，因此叫Memorandum。 To指收件人，From指报告人。2Subject：Subject line主题项，它后面是报告的主要内容。 有些信函使用”Re:”即表示 with reference to (关于)；”In Re:”即表示referring to(关于)3. 这类报告一般分为以下部分：summary statement，background，description (of the seminar)， evaluation (of the seminar), and outcomeSample 2ROBERTSON ENGINEEERING SERVICES

27、INSPECTION REPORTALTERATLIONS TO AND REDECORATION OF NEW OFFICES FORTHE TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENTExcept for some minor deficiencies, the repair and renovation work is complete. The offices can be occupied on November I, as scheduled.These offices were previously occupied by Nor-West Distribu

28、tors, who vacated them on September 30, 1994. A contract for renovating and redecorating the promises was let to Craven Builders Inc. on October 2; it specified the work to be done and a completion date of October 30, 1994. The contractor notified us on October 26 that the work was complete and I in

29、spected the premises on October 27.The contractor has done a generally good job. There are no signs that the previous temporary walls existed or have been removed, and the new temporary walls look like permanent structures. Decorating quality is very good.The following deficiencies were noted and mu

30、st be corrected by the contractor:.1. The rubber underlay needs to be relaid under parts of the fitted carpet in the northeast corner of the main office. Currently it is bunched in seven or eight places.2. The pelmets over all four windows need to be extended to the specified 78-inch width. Currentl

31、y they are only 64 inches wide.3. The door to the managers office needs to be rehung so that it closes fully and the lock engages.4. Four of the lighting fixtures need to be maligned so that they are all at the same level.5. The cove needs to be installed at the foot of all walls.These deficiencies

32、will not prevent the Technical Publications Department from occupying the offices on November I. although I suggest that furniture should not be placed in the northeast section of the main office until the carpet underlay has been relaid. All other deficiencies can be corrected without interfering with the departments operations.I suggest that a second inspection be scheduled before contractor payment is approvedNotes这是一份检查报告。报告分以下部分：(1) summary statement: telling readers right away what they most want to know-that the new facility is re