1、中考复习动词不定式详解与练习无答案概念:动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。 可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。一、作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中。如: Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of
2、 the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词bto do It is difficult for us to finish for swriting the composition in a quarter of an hour. 在句型中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better; the first,the ne
3、xt,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 在句型中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wiserude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless(欠考虑的;不考虑的),brave,considerate(考虑周到的), selfis
4、h(自私的)等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is形容词to do句式 ,如:Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。 注意:1) 其他系动词如,look,ap
5、pear等也可用于此句型 2) 不定式作为句子主语时,动词用单数形式。 3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is to的句型 对应性:To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 二、作宾语1) 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语 afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine
6、(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(威胁),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish
7、(希望) 举例: The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2) 动词+疑问词+ 不定式 decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 T
8、here are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机,我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 The question is how to put it into practice. 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。 3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语动 词it补语to do句式。如: We think it quite important for us to l
9、earn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. I find it difficult to learn English well. 三、作补语1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) adviseallowbelievecausechallengecompel(强迫, 使不得不)declareencourageforbidforcefindhireinduce(引诱, 劝导) instruct(命令, 指示)invitelikeorderpermitpersuaderemindrequestrequire
10、selectsendsupposetelltrainurge(催促,鼓励) 例句: a.Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b.We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。 find 的特殊用法: find 后可用分词做宾补,或先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get,have。 I found him lying on the ground. I found it important to learn. I foun
11、d that to learn English is important. 典型例题: The next morning she found the man _ in bed,dead. A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying 答案:A. find的宾语后面,用分词或分词短语,起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。 lie: 躺 过去式 lay,过去分词 lain , 现在分词 lying;lie: 说谎 过去式 lied,过去分词 lied , 现在分词 lying;lay:安放 过去式 laid,过去分词 laid, 现在分词 layin
12、g;2) to + be 的不定式结构,作补语的动词。 Acknowledge 承认, 供认,believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover, fancy(设想),feel,find,guess,judge,imagine,know,prove,see(理解), show,suppose,take(以为),understand We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 3) to be +形容词 Seem,appear,be said,be
13、 supposed,be believed,be thought,be known,be reported,hope, wish,desire,want,plan,expect,mean The book is believed to be uninteresting. It is believed that人们认为这本书没什么意思。 有些动词需用as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider. We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her fathe
14、r .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。 四、作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例)。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,sugg
15、estion等为中心词的名词词组(例)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例),不定 式说明主语的内容。 Our work is serving the people. What he likes is taking a walk after supper. The story told by Mr Wang is interesting. 句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is our work,而句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。 五、作状语1)目的状语 To only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(su
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