小学英语语法汇总.docx

1、小学英语语法汇总PEP小学英语的语法知识整理一、字母1、字母表（26个字母的顺序和书写格式）Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff GgHh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm NnOo Pp Qq Rr Ss TtUu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz2、元音字母：Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu3、分类（音）：Aa Hh Jj KkEe Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt VvIi YyUu Qq Wwe Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz其它：Rr Oo4、字母缩写：CN 中国 （PRC）USA （US） 美国UK 英国UN 联合国WC 洗手间Mr. 先生Miss 小姐Mrs 夫人、女士二、音标：1

2、、元音：（1）单元音：（12个）（2）双元音：（8个）2、辅音：（1）清辅音：（10个）（2）浊辅音：（18个）三、重点句型三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、be going to句型等。现以58册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58册的句型主要有：1. Whos your English

3、 teacher? Mr. Carter.2. Whats he like? Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt. She is very active.4. Is she strict? Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food?7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/8. When is your birthday? Its

4、 in May.9. My birthday is in June. Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June? Yes, it is.11. Whats the date?12.This is Zhang Peng.13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？ Im 164 cm tall.15. You are shorter than me.16.Youre 4 cm taller tha

5、n me.17.How heavy are you? Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you? My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah?二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+ 可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：1. There are two bedroo

6、ms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park? Yes, there is.4. Is there a river? No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas in the mountains? No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers? Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动

7、作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2, 第7册Unit4,5,6, 第8册Unit2中。如：Book5:1. What do you have on Thursdays? We have English, math and science on Thursdays.2. Wha

8、t do you do on Saturdays? I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Mondays? We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6:1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up? I usually get up at 12:0

9、0 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend? Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4. Sometimes I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best.6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7:1. How do you go to school, Sarah?2. Usually I go

10、 to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math? Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt. She teaches math.6. What does your mother do? What does your father do?7. Where does she work? She works in a car c

11、ompany.8. How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from? It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from? It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour

12、.13. How do you do that?Book8:1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel? I feel sick. How does Amy feel?3. You look so happy. You look sad today.四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册Unit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doi

13、ng? Im doing the dishes. Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter. Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ? Its eating bananas.4. What is she doing ? Shes jumping.5. What are they doing ? Theyre swimming. Th

14、ey re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch? No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey? Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.9. Is she counting insects? No, she isnt.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week , last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第8

15、册Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend? I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room? Yes, I did.3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing.4. Did you read book? Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room? No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you

16、do there? I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？ I went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。 如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some六 情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit4和第7册Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I

17、 can cook the meals.2. I can water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed? No, I cant.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.Book7: How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to +

18、v.原形。标志词有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend nextbe going toBook7:1. What are you going to do this weekend? I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going? I am going to the cinema.3. How is he going to Beijing? He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan

19、? She is going to go there at 9:00 am.PEP小学英语的语法知识整理2一、词类：动词：行为动词、be动词、情态动词。（1）行为动词原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下：（2）be动词a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有复数全用are。b、肯定和否定句I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.c、 一般疑问句 Am I ? Ye

20、s, you are. No, you arent. Are you/they? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt.is、am、are为一类，一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中。was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。（3）情态动词can、must、should、would、may。情态动词后动词总是用原形。（不受其他任何条件影响）名词这里强调两点：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was。如何加后缀：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books

21、, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-bedsb以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watchesc以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberriesd以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knivese不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice

22、child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese形容词（包括副词）形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式：原形和+er。未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。两个重要特征：asas中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。人称代词和物主代词人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性（短）名词性（长）形容词性（短）名词性（长）第一人称Imeweusmymineourours第二人称youyo

23、uyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits人称代词：有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。物主代词：有两类：形容词性物主代词（短的）和名词性物主代词（长的）一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词（短的）；如无，就用名词性物主代词（长的）。数量词我们学过两类：基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。序数词的前面一般都加the。6、冠词有a、an、the。a和an的区别：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，

24、a用于辅音音素前。二、否定句：be动词（am、is、are、was、were）+not、情态动词（can、must、should）+ not、助动词（do、does、did） + not如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，直接在be动词后+ not。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，直接在情态动词后+ not。3、如上述二者都没有，就应用助动词+ not。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用doe

25、s，动词用过去式的助动词就有did。（3）在助动词后加not。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。三、一般疑问句。如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句：1、看句中有无be动词，如有，把be动词提到句首即可。2、看句中有无情态动词，如有，把情态动词提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都没有，就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤：（1）肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的，要加上去，位置在主语（某人或某物）后，动词前。（2）确定助动词用do、does还是did，根据句中动词，动词是原形的助动词就用do，动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does，动词用过去式的助动词就有di

26、d。（3）把助动词后提到句首。（4）原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。强调一点，有some的要考虑是否要用any。四、特殊疑问句。表示疑问，有疑问词（在开头），回答有很多种可能。常用疑问词：疑问词意思用法When什么时间问时间What time 什么时间问具体时间，如几点钟Who谁问人Whose 谁的问主人Where在哪里问地点Which哪一个问选择Why 为什么问原因What 什么问东西、事物What colour什么颜色问颜色What about。怎么样问意见What day星期几问星期几What date什么日期问日期What for 为何目的问目的How 。怎样问情况How old

27、多大年纪问年纪How many多少数量（可数名词）问数量How much多少钱；多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）How about。怎么样问意见How often多久问频率How long多长时间问时间长度How far 多远问多远；多长距离五、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头（有时有please），否定的祈使句一定是dont加动词原形开头（有时有please）。把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加dont即可。六、时态1、一般现在时（1）一般现在时中的be动词：一般用原形：am is aream用于第一人称单数（I）；is用于第三人称单数（

28、he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben his sister等）；are用于第二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般现在时中的动词：第一种情况：主语是第三人称单数（he she it 和其他，如Helen 、her cousin 等），动词后一般加s或es。第二种情况：主语不是第三人称单数，动词都用原形。（4）一般现在时判断依据（如何判断一个句子是一般现在时）：be动词是am、is、are动词用原形或加s、es没有时间状语或有usually、ofte

29、n、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间2、一般过去时（1）一般过去时中的be动词：一般用过去式：was werewas用于第一人称单数（I）和第三人称单数（he she it和其他人名或称谓，如：Ben 、 his sister等）；were用于第二人称单数（you）和所有复数（包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you；第三人称复数they和其他复数，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般过去时中的动词：一般只有一种情况：+ed这里强调一点，和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称，也不管是单数和复数都加ed。（4）一般过去时判断依据（如何判

30、断一个句子是一般过去时）：be动词是was、were 动词加ed有表示过去的时间状语现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now a moment ago yesterday last week last nightlast weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks agofive years ago this morning3、一般将来时（1）构成形式：Be going to +动词原形， will + 动词原形（2）一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。（3）句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。4、