引语习语.docx

1、引语习语口译习语、引语 任何一种语言的习语、引语都与使用该语言的民族的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯、价值观念、地理位置等密切相关。因此，习语、引语有明显的民族特色，是人民群众智慧的结晶，是经过长期使用而提炼出来的妙语名言。习语、引语准确、快速、流利的互译可以简明、生动、形象、有力地表达说话人的思想、观点和情感，增强语言的魅力和表达效果。习语、引语的口译也是译员经常遇到的难题之一。那么，口译中译员怎样才能准确、快速、生动形象地进行习语、引语的互译呢？习语的口译主要有三种方法：直译、直译与转换相结合和意译法。 1. 直译法对结构和意义上完全对应的习语应采用对等直译法。把原语的习俗、比喻移植到译入语中

2、，这样既能确切地表达原意，又能保留原语生动、形象、鲜明的民族色彩。直译是习语口译中最容易、最便捷，也是效果最佳的译法。英汉两种语言中很多习语，包括很多汉语歇后语都可以采用直译法。这是英汉两种文化互相交流和两种语言相互溶入的结果。以下英汉习语的互译就属这一类。英语习语的汉译 stony heart / have a heart of stone 铁石心肠 plain sailing 一帆风顺 in black and white 白纸黑字 flesh and blood 亲骨肉；亲人 as firm as a rock 坚如磐石 to be led by the nose 被牵着鼻子走 to s

3、how ones cards 摊牌 to be armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿 to turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻 to pick bones from an egg 鸡蛋里面挑骨头 Facts speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 Honesty is the best policy. 诚实是上策 Children and fools tell the truth. 童愚吐真言 Evil is rewarded with evil. 恶有恶报 Co

4、ntent is happiness. 知足者常乐 Know your own faults before blaming others for theirs. 欲责他人，应先知己过；欲正人，先正己。 One swallow does not make a summer. 一燕难成夏。 汉语习语的英译 一心一意 with one heart and one mind 沧海一滴 a drop in the ocean轻如鸿毛 as light as a feather 实事求是 to seek truth from facts一见如故 to feel like old friends at th

5、e first meeting同甘共苦 to share each others joys and hardships 掩耳盗铃 to plug ones ears while stealing a bell知识就是力量。 Knowledge is power.一寸光阴一寸金, 寸金难买寸光阴。 An inch of time is worth an inch of gold，but an inch of gold cannot purchase an inch of time.一回生，两回熟。 First meeting, strangers; second meeting, old fri

6、ends.一年之计在于春。 The whole years work depends on a good start in spring.一鸟在手远胜两鸟在林。 A bird in hand is worth two in the bush. 兔子尾巴长不了。 Like a rabbit tail-it cannot grow any longer-it wont last long.搬起石头砸自己的脚自作自受 to lift a rock only to drop it on ones own feet-to suffer from what one has done鳄鱼掉眼泪假慈悲 cro

7、codile shedding tears-pretending to be benevolent2. 直译和转换相结合 对一些结构上对应或部分对应，比喻相似、意思相近的习语应采用直译和转换相结合的方法，对等部分直译，不对等部分进行适当转换。按照英汉两种语言各自的习俗、比喻和习惯表达方法译出，做到既能确切表达原意，又符合译入语的习俗和比喻。 以下习语就是采用这种方法互译的。 as blind as a bat 有眼无珠 as timid as a hare 胆小如鼠on pins and needles 如坐针毡as poor as a church mouse 一贫如洗to kill two

8、 birds with one stone 一箭双雕 to wake up a sleeping dog 打草惊蛇to beat the dog before the lion 杀鸡给猴看Lock the door after the horse is stolen. 亡羊补牢。 He who takes charge knows the responsibility. 不当家不知柴米贵。 Poor by condition，rich by ambition. 人穷志不短。 Where there is a will ，there is a way. 事在人为。 It takes two to

9、 make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。 As a man sows，so he shall reap. 种瓜得瓜, 种豆得豆。 Dont wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。 3. 意译 还有一类习语，在结构和字面意思上，英汉两种语言似乎无相近之处。其确切的意思有时难以捉摸。遇到这一类习语，译员要根据交谈双方的话题、意图及谈话的背景和上下文意思等因素，充分理解所用习语的含义，采用意译、意译加注和其它变通方法，最重要的是译出话语的真正含义。同时，尽

10、可能的保留原语的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死译，以免造成歧义。以下习语的口译就属这一类。 a far cry from 与相差甚远；大不相同 to face the music 勇于承担后果 to spill the beans 不慎泄密 to be up to ones ears 有许多事情要做；忙于 to beat around the bush 旁敲侧击，转弯抹角 to cut corners 节约 to hold ones horses 别忙；耐心点；别沉不住气 in ones element 在行；擅长 on ones toes 机灵 once in a blue moon 极难

11、得；千载难逢 to see eye to eye 与(某人)看法一致 straight from the shoulder 直截了当 to take something with a grain of salt 对某事半信半疑或不全信 to put all ones eggs in one basket 孤注一掷; 冒险 to teach ones grandmother to such eggs 班门弄斧；好为人师 to put the cart before the horse 本末倒置 to miss the boat 坐失良机to burn the candle at both end

12、s 过分耗费精力 to poke ones nose into 探听; 干涉 to play for ones own hand 为自己的利益而做 to pull wool over ones eyes 蒙蔽某人 to call a spade a spade 实话实说, 直言不讳Birds of a feature flock together. 物以类聚, 人以群分。 Love me; love my dog. 爱吾及犬；爱屋及乌。 Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是一天建成的; 伟业非一日可成; 冰冻三尺, 非一日之寒。 Half the world kn

13、ows not how the other half lives. 富人不知穷人苦; 饱汉不知饿汉饥。 有些汉语习语、俗语、歇后语有强烈而浓厚的民族色彩，意译不能确切表达原意。必须采用意译加注，说明必要的历史文化背景，才能很好传达原意。例如：卧薪尝胆 to sleep on brushwood and taste gall-to undergo self-imposed hardships so as to strengthen ones resolve to wipe out a national humility；to endure hardships to accomplish some

14、 ambition.望子成龙 to hope ones child will become somebody in the future；to hope ones child will have a bright future; to hold high hopes for ones child不到长城非好汉。 He who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a true hero；not stop until ones aim is obtained八仙过海，各显神通。 The Eight Immortals crossing the sea-each

15、 shows his/her special prowess (in the legend, they were described as fairies with different magic arts)；Like the Eight Immortals soaring the ocean, each of you should show your true worth. 打破砂锅问（纹）到底 breaking an earthenware pot -(lit)-cracked to the bottom； (pun) interrogate thoroughly；to get to the bottom of a matter一个成功的译员不仅要有熟练的英汉语言技能，而且要有广博的英汉文学、历史、文化知识，掌握一定数量的英汉名人格言、经典佳句。因此，译员只有平时用心铭记，注意收集，不断充实，用时才能左右逢源，得心应手。下边是一些广为流传的英汉名人格言和经典佳句，配有英汉译文，可供口译学习者参考。英语引语Whats in a name? That which we call a rose by any othe