专题2非谓语动词含答案.docx

1、专题2非谓语动词含答案专题2非谓语动词考点一非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语不定式作状语1.动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do，so as to do，to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。2.动词不定式作结果状语时常用于too.to do，enough to，so/such.as to结构中。only/just to do常表示出乎意料的结果。3.在be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised to do sth.结构中作原因状语。2.现在分词作状语(1)现在分词作状语时其形式的选择形式内在含义doing与句中主

2、语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生。having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。(2)现在分词作状语的语法功能现在分词作状语用法作时间状语相当于when，while，after等引导的时间状语从句。作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。作条件状语相当于if引导的条件状语从句。作让步状语相当于though，although等引导的让步状语从句。作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，既可扩展为一个含并列谓语的简单句，也可扩展为一个并列句

3、或定语从句。作方式或伴随状语表示与谓语动作同时发生的次要(或伴随)的动作，通常可扩展为并列分句。3.过去分词作状语其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词(短语)作状语可表示时间、原因、让步、条件、伴随和方式，除了作方式或伴随状语时，不能转换为状语从句外，其他的都可转化为相应的状语从句。单句语法填空1The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use)

4、 twigs(树枝) to remove it.2Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China，reducing(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check.3We should take immediate action toprotect(protect) our environment.4He hurried to the station only tofind(

5、find) that the train had left.5Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.6Havingbeenlaughed(laugh) at for his mistakes，the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)7During our tour in Xian，we went to many places of interest and took lots of photos，

6、about the history of Xian.(2019德阳一模)8Last evening he used it take his cousin out for ice cream.9. in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.10. an area of 30,000 square kilometres，the park was one of the largest modern parks in our city.考点二非谓语动词作定语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主

7、谓、动宾或同位关系。分词作定语1.作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing，being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。2.作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done，doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。动名词作定语动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。单句语法填空1Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，say

8、s it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2If your friendship is going through huge tests，you may find yourself confused，lonely，and angry at the same time.Here are simple ways tokeep(keep) your nearly lost friendship alive.3We are preparing for the

9、 mid-term examination tobeheld(hold) next week.4However，in the arranged(arrange) marriages of the old days of China，there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.5The matter beingdiscussed(discuss)now is so important that it will a

10、ttract everyones attention.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6Actually，it is quite normal for an average person in a city to see thousands of ads every single day.7Calligraphy， as one of the unique traditional Chinese arts，has a long history of about 1,000 years.8When you arrive，there will be a party for you by my cla

11、ssmates.(2019长春模拟)考点三非谓语动词作宾语1不定式作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法敢假装decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，dare，pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求未能帮一帮offer，promise，choose，plan; agree，ask/beg，fail，help(2)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。2动名词作

12、宾语(1)下列动词(短语)只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon; admit，delay/put off，fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice; deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡forbid，imagine，risk; cant help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape(2)由“动词介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名

13、词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于)，look forward to (期盼)，feel like (想要)，insist on (坚持)，get down to (开始认真做某事)，devote .to .(致力于)，object to (反对)，stick to (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：单句语法填空1His parents both objected to sending(send) him to that faraway village.2I still remember

14、visiting(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.3Kate is very shy and always avoids joining(join) school activities.4Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than t

15、hey need in their diet.5However，many netizens on Sina Weibo dont think Eleme is providing a wonderful service，saying it just wants tomake(make) money.6There are many reasons why college and university students often fail toget(get) full nights of sleep.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)7She earned some extra money aft

16、er school by newspapers.8Its been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.考点四非谓语动词作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语1.在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，t

17、each等。2.下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear，listen to)，三使(let，have，make)，五看 (see，notice，observe，watch，look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。分词作宾语补足语1.感官动词或短语see，watch，observe，look at，listen to，notice及keep，find等词可跟分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。2.have，get后可

18、接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。with/without复合结构1.“with/without名词/代词现在分词”中的现在分词表主动且进行，或表特征。2.“with/without名词/代词过去分词”中的过去分词表被动且完成，或表状态。3.“with/without名词/代词动词不定式”中的不定式表示动作尚未发生。单句语法填空1I looked up and noticed a snake winding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.2He was sleeping when he heard his name shout

19、ed(shout)from outside.3Some students are made tostay(stay) in the classroom after school by the teacher.4The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park，with their pet dog following(follow) them.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)5Just as I was wondering what I should eat at noon，I saw a familiar figure by ou

20、r classroom.6In his factory waste materials were made full use of to produce environmentally friendly packing bags.With these bags well ，his factory went smoothly.考点五非谓语动词作主语和表语非谓语动词作主语1.不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/wasadj.for/of sb.to do sth.”结构中。2.动名词短语作主语时，有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste

21、 (of.)/no use/no good doing sth.结构中。非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式，注意现在分词interesting，exciting，disappointing等作表语意为“令人的”；而过去分词interested，excited，disappointed等作表语意为“感到的”。单句语法填空1It is generous of him tocontribute(contribute) so much.2It was important for us tolive(live) a low-carbon life.3Hearing

22、(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.4It is no good coming(come) before that.5It is common tofind(find) this type of poetry，calligraphy art，hanging in peoples homes.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)6In addition， with our teachers and classmates is also a good way.7It is dif

23、ficult for you show no respect for him in the heart because of his contributions.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语的关系1非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。误Found him angry，I began to tell jokes.正Finding him angry，I began to tell jokes.发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。误Looking around，there was no one nearby.正Looking around，I found there w

24、as no one nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。2若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语(名词/代词)非谓语动词”被称为独立主格结构。具体形式如下：(1)名词/代词现在分词。现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。如：例Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。(2)名词/代词过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动作已完成。例The test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。(3)名词/

25、代词不定式。不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。例The two boys said goodbye to each other，one to go home，the other to go to his friends.两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。(4)有些分词/不定式短语作状语时，尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但也不作为语法错误来处理。常见的这类分词短语有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from，taking everything into con

26、sideration等。例Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。常见的这类不定式短语有to be frank，to be sure，to tell (you) the truth，to be honest，to make matters worse等。例To tell you the truth，its all Greek to me.说实话，我对此一窍不通。策略一分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓

27、语，就用非谓语动词。典例During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members often gather together (share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.解析句意为：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。分析句子结构可知，句子为简单句，且谓语动词为gather，故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。答案to share策略二找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；

28、作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。分析非谓语动词与其逻辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。典例Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time (spend) with his students.解析句意为：吉姆已经退休，但

29、他仍记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，the happy time与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。答案spent策略三判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。典例He is thought (act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himse

30、lf to blame for losing the job.解析句意为：他被认为是举止愚蠢的，现在失去这份工作他只能责怪自己，不能怨别人。be thought to do sth.表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式。答案to have acted.单句语法填空Group 11The heart warming story began in September last year when a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood (accept) her six-year-o

31、ld son.(2019山东烟台模拟)答案to accept解析ask sb.to do sth.为固定用法，意为“要求某人做某事”。2The Yangtze River，(know) in China as the Chang Jiang，is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.(2020湖北武昌调研)答案known解析主语the Yangtze River和know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。3I like staying up late (watch) TV，surfing the Internet or doi