1、高三改错模版教案戴氏教育名校冲刺教育中心高中改错板块【亲爱的曹淇东同学:过了这条河我们就可以抵达花的海洋;爬过这座山我们就可以到达山的顶峰;战胜这个困难我们就可以来到梦想的地方!相信自己!】Part 1:短文改错错误类型:1.词法的考试(名次、代词、冠词、介词、形容词与副词的区别、连词、动词)2.句法的考试(主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、名词性从句、定语从句、句子结构是否符合逻辑等)3.语篇的测试(时态、人称代词、逻辑、以及词组替代是否一致)Part 2:考试重难点:1.非谓语动词的使用2.从句连词的选择(定语从句)Part 3:考点1. 名词的单复数以及前面的修饰词2. 动词的时态和语态3. 形
2、容词与副词的用法 Part 4:易混点:1. 形容词和副词的误用2. 易混动词或名次的误用Part 5:知识点总结1. 名词 主要是查名词是否可数 与其修饰语是否一致。 eg: 1) I have many hobby, such as football, sing, listen to music. Hobby是可数名词 在这要用复数形式 playing football是一项运动 football只是一种球 sing和listen to 要用动名词形式。 2) Do exercises do good to our healthy. exercise作运动讲是不可数名词 do exerci
3、se作主语要用动名词形式 谓动用单数 healthy是形容词 这里要用名词形式3) Reading books is one of my hobby. one of 后的名词应用复数形式。 2. 代词 对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容及在句中的作用 注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后是否一致 常考的代词包括人称代词、指示代词、反身代词、关系代词及疑问代词等。 1).He drove too fast, and the police stopped her. 前面提到的是he而后面却用her来代 故应将her改为him. 2).This is the best film whic
4、h I have ever seen. 先行词前有最高级修饰应用关系代词that 而不是which。 3. 冠词 英语中只有三个冠词但用起来却很复杂 在短文改错中错误不外乎该用冠词时没有用不该用时却用了 该用an用了a 该用a(n)却用了the. 1) I meant to write letter and tell you all the things letter为可数名词, 故write后应加a. 2) I like playing the football. 去the 3) He is a honest boy. a改为an 4. 介词 检查介词主要是查介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配
5、介词惯用词组等是否正确 1) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. thank sb. for sth.为固定搭配 故应将with 改为for2) Im the happiest in all. 此句想表达的意思是“我是所有人中最高兴的”。故应将in改为 of. 3) Under the help of my father, I under 改为 with 5.形容词、副词 形容词、副词的误用主要指在该用形容词的地方用了副词 该用副词的地方用了形容词。改错行中出现形容词或副词时就要仔细分析该形容词或副词修饰什么形式是否正确 是原级、比较级
6、还是最高级。形容词、副词误 用也是常考的改错项目之一。1) I had not interest in English .interest是名词 应用形容词no来修饰 而not是副词 副词不能修饰名 2) These are the happier girls Ive ever seen.(NMET2007) 此处有Ive ever seen限定 应用最高级 故happier应改为 happiest.3) You can borrow a book very easy. easy 改为easily. 4) These books are very worth reading. 用well 修饰
7、 6. 连词 短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确 是否 符合句子意思 连接的是词还是句子 是否符合逻辑关系。此 外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题 平行结构常借助与并列连词and , or , but , not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neither nor, as well as等。 1) As it has been raining these days, so we have decided to put off our sports meeting.由于前句有As引导原因状语从句 因此后句不能再用so,故应把so 去掉
8、。 2) The population is growing, but the earth must support too many people. 根据上下文意思判断 前后两个并列分句不存在意义上的折 所以but应改为and或so.这是典型的并列连词误用。 7. 动词 动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大,它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误、易混动词的用法错误; 动词的第三人称单数错误、动词的非谓语形式以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在改错题中动词方面的考查比例较大。 1) 动词的时态、语态错误 a. I will write again and send you the photos we t
9、ake together. take photos动作发生在过去应用过去时. b. The book you borrowed from the library should returned in five days. 根据本句意义should后应加上be构成被动语态。 c. In school, I often playing football for my friends. playing改为 play; for 改为with 2) 易混动词使用错误 a. I persuaded him to stop smoking, but he didnt listen. persuade 意为“
10、说服” 强调成功的结果而根据下句 he didnt listen可知劝说并没有成功 故应改persuaded为advised. b. You please rise your hands. rise是不及物动词而raise是及物动词所以举手应用raise your hands.这属于及物动词与不及物动词的误用。 3) 非谓语动词使用错误 a. We are looking forward to see you on the birthday party. look forward to 中的to是介词应加动名词 将see改为seeing.b. Im sorry I keep you wait
11、for a long time .I got caught in the traffic.在任何情况下keep均和doing连用 如keep doing sth.; keep sb. (sth).doing sth. ;keep from doing 等.c. Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country. to后加be。因其后是名词 而不是动词原形 不能直接用to.8. 词语固定搭配: 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配 副词、 动词的固定搭配 及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词 英语
12、中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。 1) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配 意思是“写日记”. 2) In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配 3) I thought that was dull to watch a game(NMET2005) 此题考查it的功能 It + be + adj. + to do为固定结构。 4) the activities are not only enjoyable
13、and also helpful.解析 not only but also为固定结构 故将and 改为but.5) I have no difficulty learn maths. have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定结构 6) He spends too much time play games. spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定(二) 句法的测试 1主谓语在数上的一致I hope everything are ok with you. are 改为is 2名词性从句 A man came up to him and as
14、ked that he needed. that是连词 在从句中无任何意义而后面的宾语从句缺宾语 用what引导宾语从句作宾语从句的宾语。 3定语从句 This would save the life of many animals, some of then have almost died out. them改为 which 4强调句型 It is/was +被强调的部分+that/who It was in 1949 when he joined the army. when改为that.Part6:随堂练习(一) One day, while my friend and I was t
15、raveling through Germany, we were not very hungry but we only had a little money. We decided stop at a village market to buy something to eat. We choose the cheapest biscuits and ate it under a tree. We thought the biscuits were great. “Lets got some more,” I said, “Theyre cheap and they really tast
16、e well.” My friend could read some German, but I couldnt, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. She looked at it and started to laugh, “How are you laughing?” I asked. “Because theyre dog biscuits!” She said. 1( )2( )3( )4( )5( )6( )7( )8( )9( )10( )(二)Dear Alice, I have just got some goo
17、d news to tell to you. I win a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleasing that he suggested I go to England for a holiday. Id like to staying there for half a month, visiting place of interest or practicing my English as well. Weve been writing to each for nearly a year now. I
18、have often dreamed of talk face to with you. I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that time. Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together Best, Lily 1( )2( )3( )4( )5( )6( )7( )8( )9( )10( )Part7家庭作业(一)If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games, I will at fir
19、st improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors. Second, I will learn more about historyof the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, since I was familiar with Beijing,I can help visitors find their ways in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about
20、 ourhistory and culture and show them their great achievements. In short, I will do my best to helpmaking the Games a success.1( )2( )3( )4( )5( )6( )7( )8( )9( )10( )(二)As summer vacation are coming soon, my classmates are trying very hardly to get train ticketsto go home. But I have made up my min
21、ds to spend the vacation far from home for first timein my life. My parents have agreed to visiting me, and I will have a different vacation. Whenthey came here, I will show them around my university and the city just as well. I havedecided to buy them and the city just as well. I have decided to bu
22、y them some nice gifts. Itwill be a big surprising for them. My parents have done a lot for me, and I think it is high timethat I did anything special to express my thanks1( )2( )3( )4( )5( )6( )7( )8( )9( )10( )勾股定理专题一、复习旧知1、知识点复习 掌握直角三角形的边、角之间所存在的关系,熟练应用直角三角形的勾股定理和逆定理来解决实际问题 熟悉勾股定理的历史,进一步了解我国古代数学的
23、伟大成就,激发爱国主义思想,培养良好的学习态度 2、作业评讲二、新课讲解重难点:(1)掌握直角三角形边的一些关系 (2)掌握勾股定理以及逆定理的应用 考点:(1)对勾股定理在实际操作测量题中的应用.(2)应用勾股定理以及逆定理易混点:容易将将勾股定理和完全平方公式弄混淆,做题的时候导致思路混乱。【知识精读】: 1定理:、知识结构直角三角形的性质:勾股定理 应用:主要用于计算勾股定理 直角三角形的判别方法:若三角形的三边满足 则它是一个直角三角形. 2、知识点回顾 1、 勾股定理的应用 勾股定理反映了直角三角形三边之间的关系,是直角三角形的重要性质之一,其主要应用有:(1)已知直角三角形的两边求
24、第三边 (2)已知直角三角形的一边与另两边的关系。求直角三角形的另两边 (3)利用勾股定理可以证明线段平方关系的问题2、 如何判定一个三角形是直角三角形(1) 先确定最大边(如c)(2) 验证与是否具有相等关系(3) 若=,则ABC是以C为直角的直角三角形;若 则ABC不是直角三角形。3、 勾股数 满足=的三个正整数,称为勾股数 如(1)3,4,5; (2)5,12,13; (3)6,8,10;(4)8,15,17 (5)7,24,25 (6)9, 40, 41 分类教学: 考点一:勾股定理求长度 例1:在直角三角形中,若两直角边的长分别为1cm,2cm ,则斜边长为_ 例2:已知直角三角形的
25、两边长为3、2,则另一条边长是_ 例3: 如图,铁路上A,B两点相距25km,C,D为两村庄,DAAB于A,CBAB于B,已知DA=15km,CB=10km,现在要在铁路AB上建一个土特产品收购站E,使得C,D两村到E站的距离相等,则E站应建在离A站多少km处? 【巩固练习】 练习1: 在RtABC中, a,b,c分别是三条边,B=90,已知a=6,b=10,则边长c= 练习2: 已知,如图在ABC中,AB=BC=CA=2cm,AD是边BC上的高 求 AD的长;ABC的面积 练习3:一个直角三角形,有两边长分别为6和8,下列说法中正确的是( ) A、第三边一定为10 B、三角形的周长为24 C
26、、三角形的面积为24 D、第三边有可能为10 练习4:如图,某学校(A点)与公路(直线L)的距离为300米,又与公路车站(D点)的距离为500米,现要在公路上建一个小商店(C点),使之与该校A及车站D的距离相等,求商店与车站之间的距离 考点二:判别一个三角形是否是直角三角形 例1:分别以下列四组数为一个三角形的边长:(1)3、4、5(2)5、12、13(3)8、15、17(4)4、5、6,其中能够成直角三角形的有 例2:若三角形的三别是a2+b2,2ab,a2-b2(ab0),则这个三角形是 . 例3:如图1,在ABC中,AD是高,且, 求证:ABC为直角三角形。 【举一反三】 练习1:下列各
27、组数中,以a,b,c为边的三角形不是Rt的是 () A、a=1.5,b=2, c=3 B、a=7,b=24,c=25 C、a=6, b=8, c=10 D、a=3,b=4,c=5 练习2:三角形的三边长为,则这个三角形是( ) A. 等边三角形 B. 钝角三角形 C. 直角三角形 D. 锐角三角形 考点三:实际应用 例1:如图,将一根长24cm的筷子,置于底面直径为5cm,高为12cm的圆形水杯中,设筷子露在外面的长度为hcm,则h的取值范围是 例2:如图,四边形ABCD中,AB=3cm,BC=4cm,CD=12cm,DA=13cm,且ABC=90,则四边形ABCD的面积是 cm2例3:直角三
28、角形中,以直角边为边长的两个正方形的面积为7,8,则以斜边为边长的正方形的面积为_ 【巩固练习】 练习1.如图一个圆柱,底圆周长6cm,高4cm,一只蚂蚁沿外 壁爬行,要从A点爬到B点,则最少要爬行 cm 练习2:如图:带阴影部分的半圆的面积是 (取3) 练习3:一只蚂蚁从长、宽都是3,高是8的长方体纸箱的A点沿纸箱爬到B点,那么它所爬行的最短路线的长是 . 练习4:若一个三角形的周长12cm,一边长为3cm,其他两边之差为cm,则这个三角 形是_ 考点四:能力提升 例1:已知:如图,ABC中,ABAC,AD是BC边上的高 求证:AB2-AC2=BC(BD-DC) 【举一反三】 练习1:如图,
29、四边形ABCD中,F为DC的中点,E为BC上一点,且你能说明AFE是直角吗? 四、过关检测 1已知ABC中,A= B= C,则它的三条边之比为( ) A1:1:1 B1:1 :2 C1:2 :3 D1:4:1 2下列各组线段中,能够组成直角三角形的是( ) A6,7,8 B5,6,7 C4,5,6 D3,4,5 3. 直角三角形的两直角边分别为5cm,12cm,其中斜边上的高为()A6cm B85cm C3013cm D6013 cm 4. 如图,三个正方形中两个面积S169,S144,则另一个面积S为( ) A. 50 B. 30 C. 25 D. 100. 5.有两棵树,一棵高6米,另一棵
30、高3米,两树相距4米一只小鸟从一棵树的树梢飞到另一棵树的树梢,至少飞了米6.一座桥横跨一江,桥长12m,一般小船自桥北头出发,向正南方驶去,因水流原因到达南岸以后,发现已偏离桥南头5m,则小船实际行驶m 7.一个三角形的三边的比为51213,它的周长为60cm,则它的面积是 8.有一个小朋友拿着一根竹竿要通过一个长方形的门,如果把竹竿竖放就比门高出1尺,斜放就恰好等于门的对角线长,已知门宽4尺求竹竿高与门高 9.如图1所示,梯子AB靠在墙上,梯子的底端A到墙根O 的距离为2m,梯子的顶端B到地面的距离为7m现将梯子的底端A向外移动到A,使梯子的底端A到墙根O的距离为3m,同时梯子的顶端B下降到B,那么BB也等于1m吗?五、家庭作业 1、如图,CD是RtABC的斜边AB上的高,若AB17,AC15,求CD的长( )A、B、C、17D、7 2、已知:如图,在中,于,求的长 3、如图,已知:,求的长 4、如图,中,求BC边上的高AD 5、某工厂的大门如图所示,其中四边形ABCD是长方形,上部是以AB
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