交通运输经济学专业术语中英文对照.docx

1、交通运输经济学专业术语中英文对照交通运输经济学专业术语（中英文对照）1.绪论重商主义:(mercantilism)重农主义:(physiocracy)古典经济学:(classical economics)新古典经济学:(Neoclassical economics)经济人:(HomoEconomicus)微观经济学:(microeconomics)宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)稀缺:(scarcity)市场经济:(market economy)计划经济:(command economy)混合经济:(mixed economy)实证经济学:(positive economics)规

2、范经济学:(normative economics)2.交通运输需求需求:(demand)需求数量:(quantity demanded)价格:(price)个人需求:(personal demand)市场需求:(market demand)需求表:(demand schedule)需求法则:(law of demand)替代效应:(substitution effect)收入效应:(income effect)需求曲线:(demand curve)收入:(income)正常商品:(normal good)劣等商品:(inferior good)替代品:(substitute)互补品:(com

3、plement)消费偏好:(consumer preference)弹性:(elasticity)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)需求弹性:(elasticity of demand)需求收入弹性:(income elasticity demand)奢侈品:(luxuries)生活必需品:(necessities)劣等商品:(inferior good)需求交叉弹性:(cross elasticity of demand)消费选择:(consumer choice)边际效用递减规律:(law of diminishing marginal utility)

4、总效用:(total utility)边际效用:(marginal utility)消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)消费者偏好:(consumer preference)无差异曲线:(indifference curve)消费者预算线:(consumer budget line)消费者均衡:(equilibrium for consumer)价格消费曲线:(price consumption curve)交通运输需求:(derivative demand)3.旅客与货物运输需求旅客运输需求:(passenger transport demand)客运广义费用:(cenerali

5、zed passenger transport cost)货物运输需求:(foreight transport demand)货物广义费用:(generalized freight)4.城市交通需求城市:(city)城市地区:(urbanized area)城市人口:(urban population)城市聚集效应:(habitat benefit)城市规模:(urban scale)交通出行:(traffic)旅客运输:(passenger transportation)交通出行需求:(traffic demand)交通出行广义费用:(generalized travel cost)交通拥挤

6、:(traffic congestion)出行形态:(trip pattern)城市交通结构:(traffic model structure)交通需求管理:(Transportation Demand Mangement)基于时间的道路收费:(time-based road pricing)基于距离的道路收费:(distance-based road pricing)基于拥挤的道路收费:(congestion-based road pricing)停车换乘:(park-and-ride)车辆共用:(car-sharing)公共交通优先措施:(public transit priority)交

7、通宁静措施:(traffic calming)高载客车道:(High Occupancy Vehicle,HOV)停车管理措施:(car-parking planning)行人非机动车措施:(pedestrian and non-motorized transport measurement)可变信息信号:(Variable Message Signs,VMS)匝道控制:(ramp metering)5.交通运输供给基础供给:(supply)供给数量:(quantity supplied)供给表:(supply schedule)个别供给:(individual supply)市场供给:(ma

8、rket supply)供给法则:(law of supply)供给曲线:(supply curve)价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)供给弹性:(elasticity of supply)厂商:(firm)生产要素:(factors of production)固定投入:(fixed input)可变投入:(variable input)生产函数:(production function)短期:(short run)长期:(long run)总产量:(Total Product,TP)平均产量:(Average Product,AP)边际产量:(Margina

9、l Product,MP)等产量曲线:(equal-product curve)等成本线:(equal-cost line)生产者均衡:(producer equilibrium)规模经济:(economies of scale)规模报酬递增:(increasing returns to scale)规模报酬不变:(constant returns to scale)规模报酬递减:(decreasing returns to scale)规模不经济:(diaeconomies of scale)范围经济:(economies of scope)范围不经济:(diseconomies of sc

10、ope)私人物品:(private goods)竞争性:(rivalry in consumption)排他性:(excludability)公共物品:(public goods)搭便车:(free ride)俱乐部物品:(club goods)公共资源:(common resources)公地悲剧:(tragedy of the commons)交通运输供给:(transportation supply)6.交通运输基础设施与运载工具供给建设-经营-移交模式:(Builder-Operate-Transfer,BOT)建设-拥有-经营模式:(Build-Own-Operate,BOO)建设-

11、拥有-经营-移交模式:(Build-Own-Operate-Transfer,BOOT)建设-移交模式:(Build-Transfer,BT)移交-经营-移交模式:(Transfer-Operate-Transfer,TOT)公司合作模式:(Public Private Parternership,PPP)运输改进方案:(transportation improvement program)长期交通规划:(Financially Constrained Lon Range Transportation Plan)7.城市公共交通供给城市公共交通:(urban public traffic)无轨

12、电车:(trolley bus)快速公交:(Bus Rapid Transit,BRT)地下铁道:(metro)轻轨交通:(Light Rail Transit,LRT)有轨电车:(tramway)市郊铁路:(Rapid Rail Transit,RRT)班车:(regular bus)公交优先:(Public Transportation Priority)8.交通运输市场市场均衡:(market equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)市场出清价格:(market-clearing price)蛛网模型:(cobweb model)总收益:(Total Re

13、venue,TR)平均收益:(Average Revenue,AR)边际收益:(Marginal Revenue,MR)完全竞争市场:(perfect competition market)价格遵从着:(price taker)价格制定者:(price maker)完全垄断市场:(perfect monoploy market)反垄断法:(anti-trust law)垄断竞争市场:(monopolistic competition market)主观需求曲线:(subjective demand curve)客观需求曲线:(objective demand curve)寡头垄断市场:(oli

14、gopoly market)纯粹寡头:(pureoligopoly)差别寡头:(differentiated oligopoly)博弈论:(game theory)策略:(strategies)勾结:(collusion)卡特尔:(cartel)博弈人:(player)策略集合:(strategy set)得益:(payoff)结果:(outcome)均衡:(equilibrium)纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)混合策略:(mixed strategies)交通运输市场:(transportation market)9.交通运输外部性与政府作用帕累托最优:(Pareto opt

15、imality)公平:(fairness)生产效率:(production efficiency)技术效率:(technical)经济效率:(economic)外部性:(externality)正外部性:(positive)负外部性:(negative)市场失灵:(market failure)互补性市场:(complementary markets)经济职能:(economics function)公共提供:(public provision)交易成本:(transaction cost)社会保险:(social insurance)社会福利:(social welfare)财政政策:(fi

16、scal policy)货币政策:(monetary policy)汇率政策:(exchange policy)认识时滞:(recognition lag)汇率政策:(exchange policy)认识时滞:(recognition lag)决策时滞:(secision lag)执行与生效时滞:(Execution &Effecring lag)经济租:(economic rent)寻租:(rent-seeking)政策管制:(governmental regulation)税收归宿:(tax incident)补贴:(subsidy)限制区域执照系统:(Area Licensing Sch

17、eme,ALS)公共电子收费系统:(Electronic Road Pricing,ERP)10.交通运输成本机会成本:(opportunity cost)会计成本:(account cost)显性成本:(explicit cost)隐性成本:(implicit cost)经济成本:(economic cost)沉没成本:(sunk cost)增量成本:(incremental cost)私人成本:(private cost)外部成本:(external cost)社会成本:(social cost)固定成本:(fixed cost)可变成本:(variable cost)总成本:(total

18、 cost)平均固定成本:(Average Fixed Cost ,AFC)平均可变成本:(Average Variable Cost,AVC)平均成本:(Average Cost,AC)边际成本:(Marginal Cost,MC)短期成本:(short-run cost)长期成本:(long-run cost)成本曲线:(cost-curve)成本不可归依性:(untraceability)联合成本:(joint cost)共同成本:(common cost)11.交通运输价格均衡价格:(equilibrium price)均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)市场出清状态

19、:(market-cleaning)支持价格:(price floor)过剩:(surplus)限制价格:(price ceiling)短缺:(shortage)交通运输价格:(transport price)歧视定价:(discrimination pricing)12.交通运输项目投资评价资金时间价值:(time value of money)终值:(future value)现值:(present value)利息:(interest)本金:(principal)利率:(interest rate)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)有效利率:(effective i

20、nterest interest rate)年值:(annual value)现金流量:(cash flow)资金等值:(capital equivalence)净现值:(Net Present Value,NPV)折现率:(discount rate)内部收益率:(Internal Rate of Return,IRR)盈亏平衡点:(Break-Even Point,BEP)敏感性分析:(sensitivity analysis)敏感性因素:(sensitive factor)风险:(risk)概率:(probability)期望值:(expected value)方差:(variance)

21、标准差:(standard deviation)财务评价:(financial evaluation)现金流量表:(statement of cash flows)经济评价:(economic evaluation)影子价格:(shadow price)13.交通运输固定资产折旧与设备更新固定资产:(fixed assets)损耗:(abrasion)有形损耗:(tangible abrasion of equipment)固定资产的无形损耗:(intangible abrasion of equipment)综合损耗:(compehensive abrasion of equipment)物

22、理寿命:(physical life)技术寿命:(technical life)经济寿命:(economical life)折旧寿命:(depreciation life)折旧基数:(depreciation base)使用寿命:(useful life)净残值:(net calvage value)直线折旧法:(straight-line depreciation)双倍余额递减法:(double declining balance depreciation)年数总和法:(sum-of-the-years-digits depreciation)定率递减余额法:(Fixed Rate on Delining Balance Depreciation)偿债基金法:(Sinking Fund Depreciation)14.交通运输企业经济活动分析人力资源:(human resource)可持续发展:(sustainable development)环境承载力:(environment bearing capacity)