21世纪英语unit 6课文解析.docx

1、21世纪英语unit 6课文解析Unit Six【语篇赏析】还记得你上初中、高中时是如何形容那些刻苦学习和成绩好的学生的吗？如果曾经用了不适宜的比喻的话，这种用法现在改变了吗？为什么？那么看看A篇美国社会的情况吧。A篇指出在美国社会存在着滥用 “怪人”这些贬义词来形容好学生的现象。如果国家不尊重知识和不尊重学习成果，美国的未来是令人担忧的。读B篇前想一想，你会因为别人去“必胜客”“日式料理”而去吃比萨饼，尝鳗鱼和寿司吗？你看到别人穿牛仔裤，咀嚼口香糖，也会套上一条“CK”即使你穿着实在不会令人恭维吗？我们生活中的时尚和趋势不断改变，为什么会有这么多的人追逐时尚呢？读一读B篇，你可能会在文中找到

2、你的影子。B篇告诉我们趋势和时尚存在于生活的方方面面，人们，尤其是年青人很愿意引领时尚。C篇提醒我们不要放弃真实的自我而为出名而从众。你同意作者的观点吗？Text A Nerds and Geeks【重点词汇】 重点单词shock, reveal, dedicate, prestigious, admit, pursue, prefer, conform, deprive, adequate, acquire, tease, rival, average, compete, largely, major, portion, cultivate, adapt, extent, insult重点短

3、语be dedicated to, idle away, not least of all, be held up as, lie with, do away with, stand a chance1. shock : vt. cause unpleasant or angry surprise to (sb.) 使震惊 n.震惊 People are really shocked. An electric shock can kill you.2. reveal: vt. show 揭示,揭露；暴露；（上帝）启示 He revealed that he had been in prison

4、 before. The pianist revealed herself as a musical talent. veil: 遮盖；棉纱 veiled: a. 带棉纱的，隐蔽的veiling: n. 罩以面纱 unveiled: a. 除去面纱，揭开面纱的revealable: a. 可展现的 revealer: n. 展示者revealing: a. 露出的；启发性的，意义深远的revealment: n. 泄露3. dedicate: vt. give, devote 献（身），（时间，精力等）用于 Martin Luther King dedicated his life to Ci

5、vil Rights Movement. The volunteers dedicated themselves to the charity work.4. prestigious: a. famous, admired and respected 有威望的，有声望的 Harvard is a highly prestigious educational institution. A prestigious Peace Prize is presented at Oslo University.5. admit: vt. state or agree 承认（事实、错误等） You must

6、admit that you are wrong. Alice admitted feeling hurt by what I had said. admit to 承认 He admitted to a liking of rock and roll.admit of 有的可能 This work admits of no delay. 这个工作刻不容缓。6. pursue: vt. make continual effort to gain (sth.) 追求，寻求 Students should pursue their own interests. He plans to pursue

7、 a career in politics.7. prefer: vt. choose one rather than another; like better 宁可，宁愿；更喜欢 I prefer coffee to tea. I prefer to stay at home rather than go outside. 8. conform: vi. follow standards, rules, etc; comply 遵从，顺从 All the new products must conform to the international safety standard. Stude

8、nts can be expelled (开除) for refusing to conform to the rules of school.9. deprive: vt. take away from 夺去，剥夺；使丧失 Many Children have been deprived of a normal home life. She deprived lots of pleasure of meeting new friends.10. adequate: a. enough 足够的 The company has to provide an adequate explanation

9、 for its actions. The menu is adequate to satisfy all the people.enough: 指满足某种物质数量的需要adequate: 指数量和质量达到一定要求, 强调没有多余.abundant: 指数量多,充足有余.sufficient: 指满足物质和精神的需要.11. acquire: vt. get or obtain 取得，获得；学到 She has acquired a e-mail address on the web. He spent several years acquiring the skills.12. tease:

10、 vt. laugh, make fun of 取笑，戏弄 Dont get upset. I was teasing. My sister-in-law used to tease my hair.13. rival: n. a person, a group or a organization with whom one competes 对手，竞争者 He finished 25 seconds ahead of his main rival. The two students rivals each other in study.14. average: a. usual, ordin

11、ary 平常的 In an average week, I drive about 200 miles. The average inflation is under 2.8% in this country.15. compete: try to win sth. in competition with someone else vi. 竞争 You will compete with others for a prize. The prize was open to all, but few pete with/against: 后接人，表示与某人竞争compete in: 在某方面竞争1

12、6. largely: ad. to a great degree; in great quantity 主要地；大量地 Its largely a matter of conjecture. She donated largely to the Social Welfare Institution.chiefly 强调质，largely 强调量 Bread is chiefly made of flour. 面包的成分主要是面粉17. major: a. greater 较大的，较多的，较重要的 The major part of the town was ruined. This is a

13、 major question.18. portion: n. a part of sth. larger 一部分，一份 A portion of the manuscript is illegible. Please give me a portion of pudding.portion: 指某物所占的比例，份额part: 指部分，无比例的含义section: 指通过切割和分离而形成的部分share: 指分担，分享的部分，侧重共性19. cultivate: vt. improve, develop 培养，培育 I hope you will cultivate a taste for m

14、usic. You must cultivate your mind.20. adapt: vi. (to)change so to make suitable for new needs, different conditions, etc 适应 You should adapt to the lifestyle here. When you go to a foreign country, you must adapt yourself to new customs.21. extent: n. degree 程度，限度 I agree with you to a certain exte

15、nt. The extent of a judges power is limited by law.22. insult: vt. speak or act in a way that hurts the feeling or dignity of sb. 侮辱 n. remark or action that insults 侮辱 The rebels insulted the flag by throwing mud on it. To call hard-working students nerd is an insult.23. be dedicated to: be devoted

16、 to 致力于，献身于 The whole lives of the old people were dedicated to Gods service. She is dedicated to socialism.24. idle away: waste time lazily 浪费时间 Dont idle away your time. The troops had nothing to do but idle the time away while waiting for a ship to come.25. not least of all: particularly 尤其 This

17、food is barely enough for one family, least of all the whole village. Nobody ought to complain this hotel, least of all , the VIP who received the kind service.26. be held up as: be shown as 被推举为；被展示为 She was held up as an example. I wish hed stop holding up the elder brother as an example to emulat

18、e.27. lie with：应由（承担责任）；（作出决定）得靠 Our faults lies not so much with our economy. They believe that the responsibility for the fail of the exam lies with themselves rather than the teacher.28. do away with: abolish, cause to end 废除；去掉 We must do away with all the shortcomings. The old ideas must be don

19、e away with.29. stand a chance: having the possibility of achieving sth. 有希望，有可能 Do you think we stand a chance of winning the game? If you begin to study hard, you still stand a chance of passing the exam.【课文详解】Part One: Para. 1-3通过引出“呆子”和“怪人”等用词指出美国价值体系中存在的问题。1. There is something very wrong with

20、the system of values in a society that has only unkind terms like nerd and geek for (Line 1)该句结构是：“There is something wrong with” “that”引出定语从句，就是“society”2. the intellectually curious and academically serious (Line 3)those students who have genuine curiosity for academic knowledge and who regard stu

21、dy as a serious business.The + 形容词指一类人, 在句中可以做主语、宾语等：the rich, the poor, the deaf, the sick, the old, the black, the married, the strong3. It is a revealing fact about our language and our culture that someone dedicated to pursuit of knowledge is compared to such a freak. ( Line 9)该句的结构是：“It is a fa

22、ctthat” “that”引出同位语从句。Part Two: Para. 3-4在大中小学的学生中流行反知识的价值观念。4. Children who prefer to read books rather than play football, prefer to build model airplanes rather than idle away their time at parties with their classmates, become social outcasts. ( Line 21)该句的结构是：“childrenbecome social outcasts” “w

23、ho prefer torather than, prefer torather than”是“children”的定语。Part Three: Para. 5-10讨论美国文化价值观的改革。5. Enough is enough (Line 30)So many acts of anti-intellectualism have been going on in schools and universities that they should be stopped.6. if we constantly put social skills and physical strength ove

24、r academic achievement and intellectual ability (Line 51)We emphasize social skills and physical strength rather than academic achievement and intellectual ability.The word over is a preposition, indicating superiority, advantage.该句中有一个比较难的条件从句“putover”意为“强调 超过 ”Part Four: Para. 11-13美国社会中的反知识观念必须摒弃

25、。7. Our fault lies not so much with our economy or with our politics as within ourselves, our values and our image of a good life.（Line 61-63)Our fault lies within ourselves rather than being due to some outside force such as the economy or politics.该句中有一个重要用法：not so much as 翻译为：与其 不如 asas 像 一样当表示两个

26、事物在某方面一样时，用 as + 形容词/副词 + 其它部分否定形式；not as as 或 not so as He is as tall as his elder brother. 他像他哥哥一样高。 They arent as clever as they appear to be.他们不像看起来的那样聪明。该结构中可以转换为：not so much/many + 名词/词组 +as用来表示数量 She works very hard not so much for money as for pleasure. 她努力工作与其说是为了赚钱不如说是为了娱乐。8. If we are to

27、succeed as a society in the 21th century, (Line 65)am/is/are + to 的用法当动作为人所控制可用该用法，但其用途是有限的。A. 用于表示正式的将要发生的指令/安排OPEC representatives are to meet in Geneva next Monday.石油输出国组织的代表将于下周一在日内瓦会面。B. 用于禁止/公告You are not to tell her anything about our plans.(= You mustnt)你不可以把我们的计划告诉她。POISON: NOT TO BE TAKEN!

28、有毒，禁止使用！9. pursuing knowledge to the full extent of ones abilities (Line 69-70)making all possible efforts to gain knowledge.10. Not until the words“nerd”and “geek”become terms of praise rather than insults do we stand a chance .(Line 71) not until 直到 才 She did not arrive until the concert was over.

29、她直到音乐会结束才来。not until 直到（才）是含有否定词的连词，放在句首这一新类型的倒装结构是：not until(否定词组)+ 强调部分+助动词+主语+谓语其余部分+ Not until the concert was over did she arrive .Text B Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and Fads【重点词汇】 重点单词trend, escape, specific, rational, creative, commercial, additional, frequent, similar重点短语in /out of style,

30、 go/be in fashion, out of date, point out1. trend: n. a general direction or course of development; tendency 趋势；倾向 Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the trend will continue into the next decade. 全世界范围内犯罪率在上升，我们有种种理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。 The trend of modern living is inev

31、itable.2. escape: vt. avoid 避免 (from, out of) get free; get away 逃脱；逃跑 He thinks that he will never escape the hard work. Three of the prisoners have escaped from the prison.3. specific: a. fixed, determined or named; certain 特定的，特有的 a. detailed and exact; clear in meaning 具体的，明确的 A scaly skin is a specific features of snakes. 鱼鳞状外皮是蛇的特征。 There was no specific reason for the quar