21世纪英语unit 6课文解析.docx
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21世纪英语unit6课文解析
UnitSix
【语篇赏析】
还记得你上初中、高中时是如何形容那些刻苦学习和成绩好的学生的吗?
如果曾经用了不适宜的比喻的话,这种用法现在改变了吗?
为什么?
那么看看A篇美国社会的情况吧。
A篇指出在美国社会存在着滥用“怪人”这些贬义词来形容好学生的现象。
如果国家不尊重知识和不尊重学习成果,美国的未来是令人担忧的。
读B篇前想一想,你会因为别人去“必胜客”“日式料理”而去吃比萨饼,尝鳗鱼和寿司吗?
你看到别人穿牛仔裤,咀嚼口香糖,也会套上一条“CK”即使你穿着实在不会令人恭维吗?
我们生活中的时尚和趋势不断改变,为什么会有这么多的人追逐时尚呢?
读一读B篇,你可能会在文中找到你的影子。
B篇告诉我们趋势和时尚存在于生活的方方面面,人们,尤其是年青人很愿意引领时尚。
C篇提醒我们不要放弃真实的自我而为出名而从众。
你同意作者的观点吗?
TextA
NerdsandGeeks
【重点词汇】
重点单词
shock,reveal,dedicate,prestigious,admit,pursue,prefer,conform,deprive,adequate,acquire,tease,rival,average,compete,largely,major,portion,cultivate,adapt,extent,insult
重点短语
bededicatedto,idleaway,notleastofall,beheldupas,liewith,doawaywith,standachance
1.shock:
vt.causeunpleasantorangrysurpriseto(sb.)使震惊n.震惊
◆Peoplearereallyshocked.
◆Anelectricshockcankillyou.
2.reveal:
vt.show揭示,揭露;暴露;(上帝)启示
◆Herevealedthathehadbeeninprisonbefore.
◆Thepianistrevealedherselfasamusicaltalent.
veil:
遮盖;棉纱veiled:
a.带棉纱的,隐蔽的
veiling:
n.罩以面纱unveiled:
a.除去面纱,揭开面纱的
revealable:
a.可展现的
revealer:
n.展示者
revealing:
a.露出的;启发性的,意义深远的
revealment:
n.泄露
3.dedicate:
vt.give,devote献(身),(时间,精力等)用于
◆MartinLutherKingdedicatedhislifetoCivilRightsMovement.
◆Thevolunteersdedicatedthemselvestothecharitywork.
4.prestigious:
a.famous,admiredandrespected有威望的,有声望的
◆Harvardisahighlyprestigiouseducationalinstitution.
◆AprestigiousPeacePrizeispresentedatOsloUniversity.
5.admit:
vt.stateoragree承认(事实、错误等)
◆Youmustadmitthatyouarewrong.
◆AliceadmittedfeelinghurtbywhatIhadsaid.
admitto承认
◆Headmittedtoalikingofrockandroll.
admitof有……的可能
◆Thisworkadmitsofnodelay.这个工作刻不容缓。
6.pursue:
vt.makecontinualefforttogain(sth.)追求,寻求
◆Studentsshouldpursuetheirowninterests.
◆Heplanstopursueacareerinpolitics.
7.prefer:
vt.chooseoneratherthananother;likebetter宁可,宁愿;更喜欢
◆Iprefercoffeetotea.
◆Iprefertostayathomeratherthangooutside.
8.conform:
vi.followstandards,rules,etc;comply遵从,顺从
◆Allthenewproductsmustconformtotheinternationalsafetystandard.
◆Studentscanbeexpelled(开除)forrefusingtoconformtotherulesofschool.
9.deprive:
vt.takeawayfrom夺去,剥夺;使丧失
◆ManyChildrenhavebeendeprivedofanormalhomelife.
◆Shedeprivedlotsofpleasureofmeetingnewfriends.
10.adequate:
a.enough足够的
◆Thecompanyhastoprovideanadequateexplanationforitsactions.
◆Themenuisadequatetosatisfyallthepeople.
enough:
指满足某种物质数量的需要
adequate:
指数量和质量达到一定要求,强调没有多余.
abundant:
指数量多,充足有余.
sufficient:
指满足物质和精神的需要.
11.acquire:
vt.getorobtain取得,获得;学到
◆Shehasacquiredae-mailaddressontheweb.
◆Hespentseveralyearsacquiringtheskills.
12.tease:
vt.laugh,makefunof取笑,戏弄
◆Don’tgetupset.Iwasteasing.
◆Mysister-in-lawusedtoteasemyhair.
13.rival:
n.aperson,agrouporaorganizationwithwhomonecompetes对手,竞争者
◆Hefinished25secondsaheadofhismainrival.
◆Thetwostudentsrivalseachotherinstudy.
14.average:
a.usual,ordinary平常的
◆Inanaverageweek,Idriveabout200miles.
◆Theaverageinflationisunder2.8%inthiscountry.
15.compete:
trytowinsth.incompetitionwithsomeoneelsevi.竞争
◆Youwillcompetewithothersforaprize.
◆Theprizewasopentoall,butfewcompeted.
competewith/against:
后接人,表示与某人竞争.
competein:
在某方面竞争
16.largely:
ad.toagreatdegree;ingreatquantity主要地;大量地
◆It’slargelyamatterofconjecture.
◆ShedonatedlargelytotheSocialWelfareInstitution.
chiefly强调质,largely强调量.
◆Breadischieflymadeofflour.面包的成分主要是面粉.
17.major:
a.greater较大的,较多的,较重要的
◆Themajorpartofthetownwasruined.
◆Thisisamajorquestion.
18.portion:
n.apartofsth.larger一部分,一份
◆Aportionofthemanuscriptisillegible.
◆Pleasegivemeaportionofpudding.
portion:
指某物所占的比例,份额
part:
指部分,无比例的含义
section:
指通过切割和分离而形成的部分.
share:
指分担,分享的部分,侧重共性.
19.cultivate:
vt.improve,develop培养,培育
◆Ihopeyouwillcultivateatasteformusic.
◆Youmustcultivateyourmind.
20.adapt:
vi.(to)changesotomakesuitablefornewneeds,differentconditions,etc适应
◆Youshouldadapttothelifestylehere.
◆Whenyougotoaforeigncountry,youmustadaptyourselftonewcustoms.
21.extent:
n.degree程度,限度
◆Iagreewithyoutoacertainextent.
◆Theextentofajudge’spowerislimitedbylaw.
22.insult:
vt.speakoractinawaythathurtsthefeelingordignityofsb.侮辱
n.remarkoractionthatinsults侮辱
◆Therebelsinsultedtheflagbythrowingmudonit.
◆Tocallhard-workingstudentsnerdisaninsult.
23.bededicatedto:
bedevotedto致力于,献身于
◆ThewholelivesoftheoldpeoplewerededicatedtoGod’sservice.
◆Sheisdedicatedtosocialism.
24.idleaway:
wastetimelazily浪费时间
◆Don’tidleawayyourtime.
◆Thetroopshadnothingtodobutidlethetimeawaywhilewaitingforashiptocome.
25.notleastofall:
particularly尤其
◆Thisfoodisbarelyenoughforonefamily,leastofallthewholevillage.
◆Nobodyoughttocomplainthishotel,leastofall,theVIPwhoreceivedthekindservice.
26.beheldupas:
beshownas被推举为;被展示为
◆Shewasheldupasanexample.
◆Iwishhe’dstopholdinguptheelderbrotherasanexampletoemulate.
27.liewith:
应由……(承担责任);(作出决定)得靠……
◆Ourfaultsliesnotsomuchwithoureconomy.
◆Theybelievethattheresponsibilityforthefailoftheexamlieswiththemselvesratherthantheteacher.
28.doawaywith:
abolish,causetoend废除;去掉
◆Wemustdoawaywithalltheshortcomings.
◆Theoldideasmustbedoneawaywith.
29.standachance:
havingthepossibilityofachievingsth.有希望,有可能
◆Doyouthinkwestandachanceofwinningthegame?
◆Ifyoubegintostudyhard,youstillstandachanceofpassingtheexam.
【课文详解】
PartOne:
Para.1-3-通过引出“呆子”和“怪人”等用词指出美国价值体系中存在的问题。
1.Thereissomethingverywrongwiththesystemofvaluesinasocietythathasonlyunkindtermslikenerdandgeekfor…(Line1)
该句结构是:
“Thereissomethingwrongwith”“that”引出定语从句,就是“society”
2.theintellectuallycuriousandacademicallyserious(Line3)
thosestudentswhohavegenuinecuriosityforacademicknowledgeandwhoregardstudyasaseriousbusiness.
The+形容词指一类人,在句中可以做主语、宾语等:
therich,thepoor,thedeaf,thesick,theold,theblack,themarried,thestrong
3.Itisarevealingfactaboutourlanguageandourculturethatsomeonededicatedtopursuitofknowledgeiscomparedtosuchafreak.(Line9)
该句的结构是:
“Itisafact…that”“that”引出同位语从句。
PartTwo:
Para.3-4-在大中小学的学生中流行反知识的价值观念。
4.Childrenwhoprefertoreadbooksratherthanplayfootball,prefertobuildmodelairplanesratherthanidleawaytheirtimeatpartieswiththeirclassmates,becomesocialoutcasts.(Line21)
该句的结构是:
“children…becomesocialoutcasts”“whopreferto…ratherthan…,preferto…ratherthan…”是“children”的定语。
PartThree:
Para.5-10-讨论美国文化价值观的改革。
5.Enoughisenough(Line30)
Somanyactsofanti-intellectualismhavebeengoingoninschoolsanduniversitiesthattheyshouldbestopped.
6.…ifweconstantlyputsocialskillsandphysicalstrengthoveracademicachievementandintellectualability(Line51)
Weemphasizesocialskillsandphysicalstrengthratherthanacademicachievementandintellectualability.
Thewordoverisapreposition,indicatingsuperiority,advantage.
该句中有一个比较难的条件从句“put…over…”意为“强调……超过……”
PartFour:
Para.11-13-美国社会中的反知识观念必须摒弃。
7.Ourfaultliesnotsomuchwithoureconomyorwithourpoliticsaswithinourselves,ourvaluesandourimageofagoodlife.(Line61-63)
Ourfaultlieswithinourselvesratherthanbeingduetosomeoutsideforcesuchastheeconomyorpolitics.
该句中有一个重要用法:
notsomuch…as…翻译为:
与其……不如……
as…as…像……一样
当表示两个事物在某方面一样时,用as+形容词/副词+其它部分
否定形式;notas……as……或notso……as……
◆Heisastallashiselderbrother.他像他哥哥一样高。
◆Theyaren’tascleverastheyappeartobe.他们不像看起来的那样聪明。
该结构中可以转换为:
notsomuch/many+名词/词组+as……用来表示数量
◆Sheworksveryhardnotsomuchformoneyasforpleasure.
她努力工作与其说是为了赚钱不如说是为了娱乐。
8.Ifwearetosucceedasasocietyinthe21thcentury,…(Line65)
am/is/are+to的用法
当动作为人所控制可用该用法,但其用途是有限的。
A.用于表示正式的将要发生的指令/安排
OPECrepresentativesaretomeetinGenevanextMonday.
石油输出国组织的代表将于下周一在日内瓦会面。
B.用于禁止/公告
Youarenottotellheranythingaboutourplans.
(=Youmustn’t)
你不可以把我们的计划告诉她。
POISON:
NOTTOBETAKEN!
有毒,禁止使用!
9.pursuingknowledgetothefullextentofone’sabilities(Line69-70)
makingallpossibleeffortstogainknowledge.
10.Notuntilthewords“nerd”and“geek”becometermsofpraiseratherthaninsultsdowestandachance.
(Line71)
not…until…直到……才……
◆Shedidnotarriveuntiltheconcertwasover.
她直到音乐会结束才来。
notuntil直到……(才)是含有否定词的连词,放在句首这一新类型的倒装结构是:
notuntil(否定词组)+强调部分+助动词+主语+谓语其余部分+……
◆Notuntiltheconcertwasoverdidshearrive.
TextB
OurChangingLifestyle:
TrendsandFads
【重点词汇】
重点单词
trend,escape,specific,rational,creative,commercial,additional,frequent,similar
重点短语
in/outofstyle,go/beinfashion,outofdate,pointout
1.trend:
n.ageneraldirectionorcourseofdevelopment;tendency趋势;倾向
◆Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethetrendwillcontinue
intothenextdecade.
全世界范围内犯罪率在上升,我们有种种理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年。
◆Thetrendofmodernlivingisinevitable.
2.escape:
vt.avoid避免
(from,outof)getfree;getaway逃脱;逃跑
◆Hethinksthathewillneverescapethehardwork.
◆Threeoftheprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison.
3.specific:
a.fixed,determinedornamed;certain特定的,特有的
a.detailedandexact;clearinmeaning具体的,明确的
◆Ascalyskinisaspecificfeaturesofsnakes.鱼鳞状外皮是蛇的特征。
◆Therewasnospecificreasonforthequar