托福入门阅读 Lesson 3.docx

1、托福入门阅读 Lesson 3Lesson ThreePart One: Skills经验公式汇总（20个） 1可能性语气 凡选项出现相对词汇（some/maybe）一般为正确解 凡选项出现绝对词汇（every/all）一般为错误解 2中心围绕 凡选项出现与文章中心一致选项则优先（强调结构制定） 3Except型 凡选项为细节（较长）一般解为下半区 凡选项为归纳判断（较短）位置不定 4凡提到某个半有人物型 一般解为显示作者主旨/中心 5结构题 一般选三种解1)general-specific 2)chronological order 3)specific-general 6下文主题（确定）

2、一般注意解中应有：more, other, further, remaining, another这种词汇 7态度题 当问及作者或文中人物对某一事物观点： 1）对事、物、人的态度，倾向于褒义词 2）对观点态度，可倾向于贬义词 8中心题主题（按场景，上课笔记） 9读者身份题（或其它身份题） 读者角度：General readers / audiences 作者角度：Writer / expert 10 文章来源： 一般为textbook（for general use） Part Two: Exercise4. Insert Text Question 插入句子题1)插入句子题实质句间关联 显性

3、关联 关联词选项中有关联词 隐性关联语义语义线2) 通用解题法语义线接替1 句子拆分，拆分依据：简单句以谓语v.拆分；非简单句以关联词拆分2 概念获取：通常获取名词3 概念匹配4 带入检查：语义，语法，逻辑正确3)常考逻辑关系1 指代关系 a)指代关系中重要的线索词是代词后的“n”b)指代关系钱语义线通常是唯一确定的c)若考察指代关系且A选项位于段首，A直接排除2 主语一致法则3 举例关系4 总分关系: ”TS”一定是一个该属性表达，一定和后面句子拥有共同的方面5 时间顺序X Y Z 昨天 今天 明天6 语义重点逻辑：如果出现代词，在上下句，插入句子后，代词的只带是否改变（对应题目）关联词语义

4、的重点是名词段落类型 TS A1 e.g. A1,A2 为分论点 TS(topic sentence)为主旨句 A2 e.g. e.g. 为例子 TS e.g.2 TS1 e.g. (However转折) TS2 e.g. 先判断所给句是细节句还是非细节句，然后再通过段落类型来分析插入的位置1. Paragraph 6: Under very cold conditions, rocks can be shattered by ice and frost. Glaciers may form in permanently cold areas, and these slowly moving

5、masses of ice cut out valleys, carrying with them huge quantities of eroded rock debris. In dry areas the wind is the principal agent of erosion. It carries fine particles of sand, which bombard exposed rock surfaces, thereby wearing them into yet more sand. Even living things contribute to the form

6、ation of landscapes. Tree roots force their way into cracks in rocks and, in so doing, speed their splitting. In contrast, the roots of grasses and other small plants may help to hold loose soil fragments together, thereby helping to prevent erosion by the wind. Look at the four squares that indicat

7、e where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Under different climatic conditions, another type of destructive force contributes to erosion. Where would the sentence best fit? 1 2 3 4 2.The differences in feeding preferences lead, in turn, to differences in migratory habits. The wild

8、ebeests follow, in their migration, the pattern of local rainfall. The other species do likewise. But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come

9、later; and the smallest species of all, Thomsons gazelle, arrives last. The later species all depend on the preparations of the earlier one, for the actions of the zebra alter the vegetation to suit the stomachs of the wildebeest, topi, and gazelle. Look at the four squares that indicate where the f

10、ollowing sentence could be added to the passage. The sequence in which they migrate correlates with their body size. Where would the sentence best fit? 1 2 3 4 3.As her technological expertise grew more sophisticated, so did the other aspects of her dances. Although she gave little thought to music

11、in her earliest dances, she later used scores by Gluck, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, and Wagner, eventually graduating to Stravinsky, Faur, Debussy, and Mussorgsky, composers who were then considered progressive. She began to address more ambitious themes in her dances such as The Sea, in which her

12、dancers invisibly agitated a huge expanse of silk, played upon by colored lights. Always open to scientific and technological innovations; she befriended the scientists Marie and Pierre Curie upon their discovery of radium and created a Radium Dance, which simulated the phosphorescence of that eleme

13、nt. She both appeared in filmsthen in an early stage of developmentand made them herself; the hero of her fairy-tale film Le Lys de la Vie (1919) was played by Ren Clair, later a leading French film director.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the pa

14、ssage. For all her originality in dance, her interests expanded beyond it into newly emerging artistic media. Where would the sentence best fit? 1 2 3 4 4.One explanation for green icebergs attributes their color to an optical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun, but gree

15、n icebergs stand out among white and blue icebergs under a great variety of light conditions. Another suggestion is that the color might be related to ice with high levels of metallic compounds, including copper and iron. Recent expeditions have taken ice samples from green icebergs and ice coresvertical, cylindrical ice samples reaching down to great depthsfrom the glacial ice shelves along the Antarctic continent. Analyses of these cores and samples provide a different solution to the problem.Look at the f