托福入门阅读 Lesson 3.docx

托福入门阅读 Lesson 3.docx

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托福入门阅读Lesson3

LessonThree

PartOne:

Skills

经验公式汇总（20个）

1．可能性语气

凡选项出现相对词汇（some/maybe）一般为正确解

凡选项出现绝对词汇（every/all）一般为错误解

2．中心围绕

凡选项出现与文章中心一致选项则优先（强调结构制定）

3．Except型

凡选项为细节（较长）一般解为下半区

凡选项为归纳判断（较短）位置不定

4．凡提到某个半有人物型

一般解为显示作者主旨/中心

5．结构题

一般选三种解1）general-specific2）chronologicalorder3）specific-general

6．下文主题（确定）

一般注意解中应有：

more,other,further,remaining,another这种词汇

7．态度题

当问及作者或文中人物对某一事物观点：

1）对事、物、人的态度，倾向于褒义词

2）对观点态度，可倾向于贬义词

8．中心题主题（按场景，上课笔记）

9．读者身份题（或其它身份题）

读者角度：

Generalreaders/audiences

作者角度：

Writer/expert

10．文章来源：

一般为textbook（forgeneraluse）

PartTwo:

Exercise

4.InsertTextQuestion插入句子题

1）插入句子题实质

句间关联显性关联→关联词→选项中有关联词

隐性关联→语义→语义线

2）通用解题法

语义线接替

1句子拆分，拆分依据：

简单句以谓语v.拆分；非简单句以关联词拆分

2概念获取：

通常获取名词

3概念匹配

4带入检查：

语义，语法，逻辑正确

3）常考逻辑关系

1指代关系a）指代关系中重要的线索词是代词后的“n”

b）指代关系钱语义线通常是唯一确定的

c）若考察指代关系且A选项位于段首，A直接排除

2主语一致法则

3举例关系

4总分关系:

”TS”一定是一个该属性表达，一定和后面句子拥有共同的方面

5时间顺序

XYZ

↓↓↓

昨天今天明天

6语义重点逻辑：

如果出现代词，在上下句，插入句子后，代词的只带是否改变（对应题目）

关联词

语义的重点是名词

段落类型

①TSA1e.g.A1,A2为分论点TS（topicsentence）为主旨句

A2e.g.e.g.为例子

②TSe.g.

2TS1e.g.

（However转折）

TS2e.g.

先判断所给句是细节句还是非细节句，然后再通过段落类型来分析插入的位置

1.Paragraph6:

Underverycoldconditions,rockscanbeshatteredbyiceandfrost.Glaciersmayforminpermanentlycoldareas,andtheseslowlymovingmassesoficecutoutvalleys,carryingwiththemhugequantitiesoferodedrockdebris.█Indryareasthewindistheprincipalagentoferosion.█Itcarriesfineparticlesofsand,whichbombardexposedrocksurfaces,therebywearingthemintoyetmoresand.█Evenlivingthingscontributetotheformationoflandscapes.█Treerootsforcetheirwayintocracksinrocksand,insodoing,speedtheirsplitting.Incontrast,therootsofgrassesandothersmallplantsmayhelptoholdloosesoilfragmentstogether,therebyhelpingtopreventerosionbythewind.

Lookatthefoursquares█thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Underdifferentclimaticconditions,anothertypeofdestructiveforcecontributestoerosion.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?

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2.Thedifferencesinfeedingpreferenceslead,inturn,todifferencesinmigratoryhabits.■Thewildebeestsfollow,intheirmigration,thepatternoflocalrainfall.■Theotherspeciesdolikewise.■Butwhenanewareaisfueledbyrain,themammalsmigratetowarditinasetordertoexploitit.■Thelarger,lessfastidiousfeeders,thezebras,moveinfirst;thechoosier,smallerwildebeestscomelater;andthesmallestspeciesofall,Thomson’sgazelle,arriveslast.Thelaterspeciesalldependonthepreparationsoftheearlierone,fortheactionsofthezebraalterthevegetationtosuitthestomachsofthewildebeest,topi,andgazelle.

Lookatthefoursquares■thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thesequenceinwhichtheymigratecorrelateswiththeirbodysize.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?

■1

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3.Ashertechnologicalexpertisegrewmoresophisticated,sodidtheotheraspectsofherdances.■Althoughshegavelittlethoughttomusicinherearliestdances,shelaterusedscoresbyGluck,Beethoven,Schubert,Chopin,andWagner,eventuallygraduatingtoStravinsky,Fauré,Debussy,andMussorgsky,composerswhowerethenconsideredprogressive.■ShebegantoaddressmoreambitiousthemesinherdancessuchasTheSea,inwhichherdancersinvisiblyagitatedahugeexpanseofsilk,playeduponbycoloredlights.■Alwaysopentoscientificandtechnologicalinnovations;shebefriendedthescientistsMarieandPierreCurieupontheirdiscoveryofradiumandcreatedaRadiumDance,whichsimulatedthephosphorescenceofthatelement.■Shebothappearedinfilms—theninanearlystageofdevelopment—andmadethemherself;theheroofherfairy-talefilmLeLysdelaVie（1919）wasplayedbyRenéClair,lateraleadingFrenchfilmdirector.

Lookatthefoursquares■thatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Forallheroriginalityindance,herinterestsexpandedbeyonditintonewlyemergingartisticmedia.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit?

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4.■Oneexplanationforgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoanopticalillusionwhenblueiceisilluminatedbyanear-horizonredSun,butgreenicebergsstandoutamongwhiteandblueicebergsunderagreatvarietyoflightconditions.■Anothersuggestionisthatthecolormightberelatedtoicewithhighlevelsofmetalliccompounds,includingcopperandiron.■Recentexpeditionshavetakenicesamplesfromgreenicebergsandicecores—vertical,cylindricalicesamplesreachingdowntogreatdepths—fromtheglacialiceshelvesalongtheAntarcticcontinent.Analysesofthesecoresandsamplesprovideadifferentsolutiontotheproblem.

Lookatthef