动词的时态和语态.docx

1、动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态一 动词的时态1. 一般现在时（1） 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。Sometimes we often play basketball after school.(2) 表示某种永恒的事实或普遍真理。The earth moves round the sun.(3) 在if, unless, when, until, after, before, as soon as, the moment等连词引导的表示时间或条件的从句中用一般现在时表示将来。I will tell him all about it as soon as (the moment) he co

2、mes back.2. 现在进行时（1）现在进行时表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。We are eating more now.(2) 与频率副词always, constantly, continually, often, all the time, again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹，厌烦，埋怨等）He is always helping others.My younger brother is constantly losing keys.(3) 表示将来，近期安排的按计划要进行的事情（往往有一个表示将来的时间状语）， 常用的动词有come, go, leave,

3、 start, arrive, return, work, play, stay等。Are you staying here till next week?Mary is leaving on Friday.3.现在完成时现在完成时表示动作发生在过去， 但强调与现在情况仍有联系， 其结果或影响仍存在。（1） for+时间段， since+时间点They have lived in Beijing for five years.(2) 常见的时间状语：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these

4、days. in the past few-, over the past few-, throughout centuries, throughout histories.So far(up till now) I have only read half the story.I havent seen much of him recently.(these days)(3) 表示“第几次做某事”ItThisThat is the firstsecondthird-time that 或在ItThis is the best worstmost interesting +名词+that后面跟现

5、在完成时。It is the first time that I have ever had Chinese food.4. 一般过去时（1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，不强调对现在的影响。He graduated from No.2 Middle School in 1980.(2) used to do 表示“过去常常”， would do表示“过去总是，老是，常常”His father used to go to work on foot.When Tom was young, he would work on the farm.*When she worked as a sectar

6、y, she would have a cup of coffee after work.5. 过去进行时（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示， 也要有上下文暗示。I was having breakfast at 7:30 this morning.-What were you doing this time yesterday?- I was mending my car.The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.(2) 上下文暗示。*-Do you

7、catch what I meant?-Sorry. I was thinking of my friends.6. 过去完成时。（1）过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即该动作发生在“过去的过去”。When they got to the station, the train had already left.She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.(2) 用于Hardlyscarcely-when; no soonerthan 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。I had hardly finis

8、hed my work when he came to see me.We had no sooner left the house than it began to rain.(3) 表示“第几次做某事”It ThisThat was the first (second, third,-last) time that - 和“自从-多长时间”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.7. 一般将来时（1） 一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。I will do it aga

9、in tomorrow.(2) be going to do 表示打算，准备做的事情。I am going to travel this summer.Dark clouds are gathering. Its going to rain.(3) be about to do-+whenI was about to open the door when the telephone rang.(4) 祈使句+andor+句子Use your head and you will find a way.8. 将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作。Ill be doing my hom

10、ework this time tomorrow.9.将来完成时将来完成时表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语有“by+将来的时间”。如by the end of this year, by 8oclock this evening, by March this year.A new subway will be set up by sep.2012.二、动词的语态。1. 不能用于被动语态的动词和动词词组。Come true, consist of, take place, happen, occur, belong to, break out等。Great c

11、hanges have taken place in my hometown.2. 下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义， 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。Wash, sell, read, wear, blame ,ride, writeThe car rides smoothly.This kind of shirt washes easily.*Who is to blame for the failure?3. 某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义。Look, smell, taste, feel, prove ,wear,soundThe

12、flower smells sweet.The dish tastes delicious.*His theory proved right.4. 在need, want require, worth后The boy needs looking after.=The boy needs to be looked after.The picture-book is well worth reading5. 在做表语的某些形容词（easy, difficult, light,heavy, fit, good, comfortable, dangerous, pleasant等）后做状语用的不定式用

13、主动形式表示被动意义。She is easy to approach。她平易近人。The rock is hard to break. 岩石很难打碎。This problem is difficult to work out .这个问题很难解决。Russian is easy to learn. 俄语很好学。The chair is comfortable to sit in.6. 一些常用的经典被动句型。It is said that- 据说It is reported that-据报道It is believed that-人们认为It s thought that-人们认为It is e

14、xpected that-人们期望1. ( )Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A . would save B. saves C had saved D has saved2.( ) If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you_fresh watermelon in the fall.A. eat B would eat C have eaten D will be eating3( ) We _ on this pro

15、ject for four hours. Lets have a rest.A are working B have been workingC worked D had done4.( )For many years, people_ electric cars.A had dreamed of B have dreamed ofC dreamed of D dream of5.( )-Weve spent too much money recently.- Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives _around all the

16、 time.A are coming B had come C were coming D have been coming6.( ) Im not finished with my dinner yet.- But our friends_ for us.A will wait B wait C have waited D are waiting7.( )- Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?- We_ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to r

17、elax ourselves.A were B have been C had been D will be8.( ) -Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No, I_ the book, so I already knew the story.A was reading B had read C am reading D have read9.( ) I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone_it. Was it you?A has done B had done C wou

18、ld do D will do10.( ) the book has been translated into thirty languages since it_ on the market in 1973.A had come B has come C came D comes11.( )Edward, you play so well. But I _ you can play the piano.A didnt know B hadnt knowC dont know D havent know12.( ) Ann is in hospital.-Oh, really? I_ know

19、. I_ go and visit her.A didnt, am going to B dont wouldC dont will D didnt will13.( ) Mary went to the office at lunch time, but all the tickets_ out.A would sell B had sold C have sold D was selling14.( ) John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather _ with them to school.A took B had

20、 taken C were taking D would take15.( ) -Why dont we choose that road to save time?- The bridge to it _.A has repaired B is repaired C is being repaired D will be repaired16.( ) Daniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A are enjoying B are to enjoyC will enjoy D will be enjoyi

21、ng17.( ) -Hi. Henry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?-Sorry._.A Its repaired B It has been repairedC Its being repaired D It had been repaired18.( ) What do you think of the movie?- Its fantastic. The only pity is that I _ the beginning.A missed B had missed C miss D would miss19.

22、( ) When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A would open B opened C had opened D was to open20( ) Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future _ to the well-educated.A belongs B is belonged C is belonging D will be belonged21.( ) Would you please keep silent? The weather

23、report_ and I want to listen.A is broadcast B is being broadcastC has been broadcast D had been broadcast22.( ) - The food here is nice enough.- My friend_ me a right place.A introduces B introduced C had introduced D was introducing23.( )Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter _ all day. Could you speak to h

24、er now?A phones B has phoned C has been phoning D phoned24.( ) She stared at the paintng, wondering where she _it.A saw B has seen C sees D had seen25.( ) This kind of ballpen which _ smoothly is quite popular with students.A is written B writing C written D writes26.( ) - Excuse me, Is Mr.Brown liv

25、ing here?- Sorry, He_ to some other place.A is moving B moved C has moved D had moved27.( )- Are you still waiting for Mr.Brown?-Yes. He_ to a student for almost an hour.A was talking B had been talkingC is talking D has been talking28.（ ）-May I borrow your dictionary?- How terrible. I _ to take it

26、with me.A was forgetting B had forgottenC forgot D forget29.( )- How was your weekend?- Awful. That was the first time I_ alone at home, bored to death.A has left B had left C has been left D had been left30.( ) So far this year we_ a fall in house prices by between 5and 10 percent.A saw B see C had

27、 seen D have seen31.( ) This time next week, we_ astronauts from the challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems.A will see B will have seenC will be seeing D shall see32. I thought I _ my cell phone somewhere.A had lost B would lost C have lost D lose33.( ) -I asked you to fix the radio, Michael. - Oh, Im sorry, Mother. I _ it right now.A am to do B was about to doC will do D am going to do