动词的时态和语态.docx

动词的时态和语态.docx

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动词的时态和语态

动词的时态和语态

一．动词的时态

1.一般现在时

（1）表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。

Sometimesweoftenplaybasketballafterschool.

（2）表示某种永恒的事实或普遍真理。

Theearthmovesroundthesun.

（3）在if,unless,when,until,after,before,assoonas,themoment等连词引导的表示时间或条件的从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

Iwilltellhimallaboutitassoonas（themoment）hecomesback.

2.现在进行时

（1）现在进行时表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。

Weareeatingmorenow.

（2）与频率副词always,constantly,continually,often,allthetime,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹，厌烦，埋怨等）

Heisalwayshelpingothers.

Myyoungerbrotherisconstantlylosingkeys.

（3）表示将来，近期安排的按计划要进行的事情（往往有一个表示将来的时间状语），常用的动词有come,go,leave,start,arrive,return,work,play,stay等。

Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?

MaryisleavingonFriday.

3.现在完成时

现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。

（1）for+时间段，since+时间点

TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.

（2）常见的时间状语：

lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays.inthepastfew------,overthepastfew----,throughoutcenturies,throughouthistories.

Sofar（uptillnow）Ihaveonlyreadhalfthestory.

Ihaven’tseenmuchofhimrecently.（thesedays）

（3）表示“第几次做某事”It\This\Thatisthefirst\second\third---timethat或在It\Thisisthebest\worst\mostinteresting+名词+that后面跟现在完成时。

ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveeverhadChinesefood.

4.一般过去时

（1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，不强调对现在的影响。

HegraduatedfromNo.2MiddleSchoolin1980.

（2）usedtodo表示“过去常常”，woulddo表示“过去总是，老是，常常”

Hisfatherusedtogotoworkonfoot.

WhenTomwasyoung,hewouldworkonthefarm.

*Whensheworkedasasectary,shewouldhaveacupofcoffeeafterwork.

5.过去进行时

（1）表示过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行的动作。

这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示，也要有上下文暗示。

Iwashavingbreakfastat7:

30thismorning.

----Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?

---Iwasmendingmycar.

Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.

（2）上下文暗示。

*----DoyoucatchwhatImeant?

---Sorry.Iwasthinkingofmyfriends.

6.过去完成时。

（1）过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即该动作发生在“过去的过去”。

Whentheygottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.

ShehadonlybeenherefortenminuteswhenJimcamein.

（2）用于Hardly\scarcely---when;nosooner—than句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.

Wehadnosoonerleftthehousethanitbegantorain.

（3）表示“第几次做某事”It\This\Thatwasthefirst（second,third,----last）timethat---和“自从-----多长时间”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.

7.一般将来时

（1）一般将来时表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。

Iwilldoitagaintomorrow.

（2）begoingtodo表示打算，准备做的事情。

Iamgoingtotravelthissummer.

Darkcloudsaregathering.It’sgoingtorain.

（3）beabouttodo-----+when

Iwasabouttoopenthedoorwhenthetelephonerang.

（4）祈使句+and\or+句子

Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.

8.将来进行时

将来进行时表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作。

I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.

9.将来完成时

将来完成时表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。

常用的时间状语有“by+将来的时间”。

如bytheendofthisyear,by8o’clockthisevening,byMarchthisyear.

Anewsubwaywillbesetupbysep.2012.

二、动词的语态。

1.不能用于被动语态的动词和动词词组。

Cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,occur,belongto,breakout等。

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.

2.下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义，而且常与well,quite,easily,badly等副词连用。

Wash,sell,read,wear,blame,ride,write

Thecarridessmoothly.

Thiskindofshirtwasheseasily.

*Whoistoblameforthefailure?

3.某些感官动词和系动词后加形容词可以表示被动意义。

Look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound

Theflowersmellssweet.

Thedishtastesdelicious.

*Histheoryprovedright.

4.在need,wantrequire,worth后

Theboyneedslookingafter.

==Theboyneedstobelookedafter.

Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading

5.在做表语的某些形容词（easy,difficult,light,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,dangerous,pleasant等）后做状语用的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。

Sheiseasytoapproach。

她平易近人。

Therockishardtobreak.岩石很难打碎。

Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.这个问题很难解决。

Russianiseasytolearn.俄语很好学。

Thechairiscomfortabletositin.

6.一些常用的经典被动句型。

Itissaidthat---据说

Itisreportedthat---据报道

Itisbelievedthat----人们认为

Itsthoughtthat----人们认为

Itisexpectedthat----人们期望

1.（）Uptonow,theprogram_______thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.

A.wouldsaveB.savesChadsavedDhassaved

2.（）Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you______freshwatermeloninthefall.

A.eatBwouldeatChaveeatenDwillbeeating

3（）We_______onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.

AareworkingBhavebeenworking

CworkedDhaddone

4.（）Formanyyears,people_____electriccars.

AhaddreamedofBhavedreamedof

CdreamedofDdreamof

5.（）---We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.

-----Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_______aroundallthetime.

AarecomingBhadcomeCwerecomingDhavebeencoming

6.（）–I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.

-----Butourfriends_______forus.

AwillwaitBwaitChavewaitedDarewaiting

7.（）-----Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?

------We______busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.

AwereBhavebeenChadbeenDwillbe

8.（）---Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?

----No,I______thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.

AwasreadingBhadreadCamreadingDhaveread

9.（）Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_______it.Wasityou?

AhasdoneBhaddoneCwoulddoDwilldo

10.（）thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_______onthemarketin1973.

AhadcomeBhascomeCcameDcomes

11.（）Edward,youplaysowell.ButI______youcanplaythepiano.

Adidn’tknowBhadn’tknow

Cdon’tknowDhaven’tknow

12.（）–Annisinhospital.

----Oh,really?

I_______know.I______goandvisither.

Adidn’t,amgoingtoBdon’twould

Cdon’twillDdidn’twill

13.（）Marywenttotheofficeatlunchtime,butallthetickets_______out.

AwouldsellBhadsoldChavesoldDwasselling

14.（）Johnwasgiventhesamesuitcasehisfatherandgrandfather______withthemtoschool.

AtookBhadtakenCweretakingDwouldtake

15.（）---Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?

----Thebridgetoit_______.

AhasrepairedBisrepairedCisbeingrepaired

Dwillberepaired

16.（）Daniel’sfamily________theirholidayinHuangshanthistimenextweek.

AareenjoyingBaretoenjoy

CwillenjoyDwillbeenjoying

17.（）----Hi.Henry,canIuseyourcomputerforawhilethisafternoon?

-----Sorry.__________.

AIt’srepairedBIthasbeenrepaired

CIt’sbeingrepairedDIthadbeenrepaired

18.（）Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?

----It’sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI______thebeginning.

AmissedBhadmissedCmissDwouldmiss

19.（）Whenhe______thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.

AwouldopenBopenedChadopenedDwastoopen

20（）ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_______tothewell-educated.

AbelongsBisbelongedCisbelongingDwillbebelonged

21.（）Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?

Theweatherreport______andIwanttolisten.

AisbroadcastBisbeingbroadcast

ChasbeenbroadcastDhadbeenbroadcast

22.（）---Thefoodhereisniceenough.

-----Myfriend_______mearightplace.

AintroducesBintroducedChadintroducedDwasintroducing

23.（）Excuseme,Marcia,areporter________allday.Couldyouspeaktohernow?

AphonesBhasphonedChasbeenphoningDphoned

24.（）Shestaredatthepaintng,wonderingwhereshe______it.

AsawBhasseenCseesDhadseen

25.（）Thiskindofballpenwhich_______smoothlyisquitepopularwithstudents.

AiswrittenBwritingCwrittenDwrites

26.（）----Excuseme,IsMr.Brownlivinghere?

-----Sorry,He_______tosomeotherplace.

AismovingBmovedChasmovedDhadmoved

27.（）----AreyoustillwaitingforMr.Brown?

-----Yes.He_______toastudentforalmostanhour.

AwastalkingBhadbeentalking

CistalkingDhasbeentalking

28.（）---MayIborrowyourdictionary?

----Howterrible.I_______totakeitwithme.

AwasforgettingBhadforgotten

CforgotDforget

29.（）---Howwasyourweekend?

----Awful.ThatwasthefirsttimeI_______aloneathome,boredtodeath.

AhasleftBhadleftChasbeenleftDhadbeenleft

30.（）Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.

AsawBseeChadseenDhaveseen

31.（）Thistimenextweek,we_______astronautsfromthechallengertryingtodealwiththemechanicalproblems.

AwillseeBwillhaveseen

CwillbeseeingDshallsee

32.IthoughtI______mycellphonesomewhere.

AhadlostBwouldlostChavelostDlose

33.（）---Iaskedyoutofixtheradio,Michael.

-----Oh,I’msorry,Mother.I_______itrightnow.

AamtodoBwasabouttodo

CwilldoDamgoingtodo